Citizen Revolution Movement
{{Short description|Political party in Ecuador}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Citizen Revolution Movement
| native_name = Movimiento Revolución Ciudadana
| logo = Movimiento RC5.svg
| logo_size = 125
| colorcode = {{party color|Citizen Revolution}}
| abbreviation = RC
| president = Luisa González
| leader = Rafael Correa{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/d38e97dc96894e5dbf17d0e504c00c70|title=Ex-Ecuador leader Rafael Correa leaves leftist ruling party|date=16 January 2018|website=Apnews.com|access-date=16 August 2019}}
| general_secretary = Andrés Arauz
| founder = Iván Espinel
| foundation = 2010 {{small|(historical)}}
August 2021 {{small|(modern)}}
| dissolution =
| registered = {{start date and age|2016|8|18|df=y}}
| split = PAIS Alliance
| headquarters = Quito
| newspaper =
| youth_wing = Frente de Jóvenes de la RC
| womens_wing =
| wing1_title =
| wing1 =
| membership_year = 2022
| ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap
|Socialism of the 21st century{{Cite web |last=Ulloa |first=César |date=2025-02-19 |title=Elections in Ecuador: continuity or a return to correísmo? |url=https://latinoamerica21.com/en/elections-in-ecuador-continuity-or-a-return-to-correismo/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Latinoamérica 21 |language=en-US |quote=21st-century socialism, represented by Luisa González of the Citizen Revolution and heir to former President Rafael Correa}}
|Correism{{Cite web|url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-07-04/luisa-gonzalez-candidata-correista-en-ecuador-nunca-le-ofreceria-un-indulto-a-rafael-correa.html|title=Luisa González, candidata correísta en Ecuador: "Nunca le ofrecería un indulto a Rafael Correa"|first=Elías|last=Camhaji|date=4 July 2023|website=El País}}
| Left-wing populism{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpGREAAAQBAJ&dq=%22revoluci%C3%B3n+ciudadana+%22%22left-wing+populist%22&pg=PT1674 |title=Political Handbook of the World 2022-2023 |date=2023-06-27 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-0718-5306-1 |language=en |quote=The left-wing, populist MRC was founded in January 2018 by form president Rafael CORREA Delgado and dissidents from the AP.}}
| Social democracy{{refn|{{Cite web |last=Quesada |first=Juan Diego |date=2024-01-25 |title=Rafael Correa, former president of Ecuador: 'Everyone knows where the drugs come from. Why isn't it controlled?' |url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2024-01-25/rafael-correa-former-president-of-ecuador-everyone-knows-where-the-drugs-come-from-why-isnt-it-controlled.html |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=El País |language=en-us |quote=In the following elections (2021), Correa — through his social-democratic Citizen Revolution Movement — launched a candidate who didn’t succeed.}}{{Cite web |last=Grim |first=José Olivares, Ryan |date=2024-08-29 |title=A U.S.-Linked Prosecutor Is Behind the Assault on Ecuador's Left |url=https://www.intercept.com.br/2024/08/29/ecuador-us-backed-prosecutor-attacks-left/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Intercept Brasil |language=pt-BR |quote=Correistas split from Moreno and organized RC, a new, social democratic political party.}}}}
}}
| position = {{nowrap|Centre-left{{refn|{{Cite journal |date=28 August 2023 |title=Management's Discussion and Analysis For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 |url=https://wp-luminagold-2024.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/media/2024/02/27210815/Lumina-MDA-Jun-3023_Final-Aug-28.pdf |journal=Lumina Gold Corp |id=TSX-V: LUM |quote=Luisa Gonzalez of the center-left Revolución Ciudadana party and Daniel Noboa of the center-right Alianza Democrática Nacional advanced to a run-off election scheduled to take place on October 15, 2023.}}{{Cite journal |date=November 2023 |title=Conjuntura Latitude Sul |url=https://opsa.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ConjunturaLATSUL_Nov23.pdf |journal=Instituto de Estudios Socias y Politicos |issn=2526-5822 |volume=2023 |issue=11 |quote=Para assegurar governabilidade, Daniel Noboa costurou uma coalizão legislativa com o partido de centro-esquerda Revolución Ciudadana, que elegeu Luisa González, sua adversária no segundo turno, como nova presidenta nacional do partido, em 18 de novembro. |trans-quote=To ensure governability, Daniel Noboa formed a legislative coalition with the center-left party Revolución Ciudadana, which elected Luisa González, his opponent in the second round, as the party's new national president on November 18.}}{{Cite web |last=Osorio |first=Cecilia |date=8 September 2023 |title=Activists brace for fight over oil ban in Ecuador's Amazon |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/ecuador-amazon-yasun%C3%AD-rainforest-oil-ban-referendum/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=openDemocracy |language=en |quote=González, the presidential candidate for the centre-left Citizen Revolution party, who is likely to become Ecuador's next leader after the runoff on October 15th, echoed Santos’ argument.}}{{Cite web |last=Labayen Herrera |first=Pedro |date=2024-03-22 |title=Ecuador News Round-Up No. 12: Concerns over Government Security Response Rise. Can It Work, and at What Cost? |url=https://cepr.net/publications/ecuador-news-round-up-no-12-concerns-over-government-security-response-rise-can-it-work-and-at-what-cost/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) |language=en-US |quote=The left-of-center Revolución Ciudadana (RC) party, the largest in the National Assembly, has repeatedly denounced Salazar for her politicization of high-profile investigations.}}}} to left-wing{{refn|{{Cite web|url=https://revolucionciudadana.com.ec/|title=INICIO|website=Revolucion Ciudadana}}{{Cite web|url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-02-07/la-izquierda-gana-poder-de-nuevo-en-ecuador-y-allana-la-vuelta-de-correa.html|title=La izquierda recupera terreno en Ecuador y allana la vuelta al poder del movimiento de Correa|first=Carolina|last=Mella|date=7 February 2023|website=El País}}{{Cite web|url=https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/elecciones-en-ecuador-2023-luisa-gonzalez-y-daniel-noboa-ecuador-ira-a-balotaje-presidencial-en-nuevo-duelo-entre-izquierda-y-derecha-fernando-villavicencio-ultimas-noticia/|title=Ecuador irá a balotaje presidencial en nuevo duelo entre izquierda y derecha|work=El Comercio |date=21 August 2023|via=El Comercio (Perú)}}}}}}
| national = Union for Hope
| regional = São Paulo Forum{{cite web|url=http://forodesaopaulo.org/partidos/|title=Foro de São Paulo Partidos|website=forodesaopaulo.org}}
| international =
| affiliation1_title =
| affiliation1 =
| colors = {{color box|{{party color|Citizen Revolution}}|border=darkgray}} Cyan
{{color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}} White
{{color box|#ED1C24|border=darkgray}} Red
| seats1_title = National Assembly
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|65|151|hex={{party color|Citizen Revolution}}}}
| seats2_title = Provincial Prefects
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|8|23|hex={{party color|Citizen Revolution}}}}
| seats3_title = Mayors
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|50|221|hex={{party color|Citizen Revolution}}}}
| symbol =
| flag =
| website = {{URL|https://revolucionciudadana.com.ec/}}
| country = Ecuador
}}
The Citizen Revolution Movement ({{langx|es|Movimiento Revolución Ciudadana}}, RC) is a centre-left to left-wing political party in Ecuador formed by supporters of former President Rafael Correa who distanced themselves from Correa's former PAIS Alliance party during the presidency of Lenín Moreno. The party takes its name from the term used to refer to the project of building a new society.{{Cite web|url=https://nacla.org/news/2019/03/15/elected-left-governing-right|title=Elected Left, Governing Right|website=Nacla.org|access-date=16 August 2019}}
History
The party has its origins in early January 2018, as former Ecuadorian President and PAIS leader Rafael Correa left the ruling party over disagreement with the new direction of the party under Lenín Moreno. The party was formed by Correa and a large faction of left-wing PAIS defectors shortly after Correa left PAIS.{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/d38e97dc96894e5dbf17d0e504c00c70|title=Ex-Ecuador leader Rafael Correa leaves leftist ruling party|date=16 January 2018|website=AP NEWS|access-date=9 November 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracyspeaks.org/blog/ecuador-s-fractured-political-environment-and-electoral-governance-challenges|title=Ecuador 's Fractured Political Environment and Electoral Governance Challenges {{!}} Democracy Speaks|website=www.democracyspeaks.org|date=26 April 2019 |access-date=9 November 2019}}{{Cite journal|last=Wolff|first=Jonas|date=August 2018|title=Ecuador after Correa: The Struggle over the "Citizens' Revolution"|url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0718-090X2018000200281&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en|journal=Revista de ciencia política (Santiago)|volume=38|issue=2|pages=281–302|doi=10.4067/s0718-090x2018000200281|issn=0718-090X|doi-access=free}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ecuador/government.htm|title=Ecuador - Government|website=www.globalsecurity.org|access-date=9 November 2019}}
The party faced difficulties in obtaining official registration, as Ecuador's electoral authorities refused to register the party and give it access to the signature collection system, as they stated the party was using the symbols and slogans of the PAIS Alliance.{{Cite web|url=https://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=1376325721&Country=Ecuador&topic=Politics|title=Correa and his supporters officially break from AP|website=country.eiu.com|access-date=9 November 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/politica/3/cne-niega-inscripcion-del-movimiento-revolucion-ciudadana|title=CNE niega inscripción del Partido Revolución Ciudadana|last=mundo|first=El Telégrafo-Noticias del Ecuador y del|date=17 January 2018|website=El Telégrafo - Noticias del Ecuador y del mundo|language=es-es|access-date=9 November 2019}} The movement's leaders then attempted to register the party under the name "Revolutionary Alfarist Movement", named after former Ecuadorian President Eloy Alfaro,{{Cite web|url=https://republicadelbanano.com/2018/02/24/revolucion-ciudadana-ahora-se-llamara-movimiento-revolucion-alfarista/|title=Revolución Ciudadana ahora se llamara Movimiento Revolución Alfarista|last=Redacción|date=24 February 2018|website=República del Banano|language=es-ES|access-date=9 November 2019}} but this was also rejected by Ecuador's electoral authorities. The party's authorities blamed "political direction" by Lenín Moreno's government for these refusals, accusing them of seeking to "prevent the political participation" of the movement and its members.{{Cite web|url=https://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec/noticias/politica/3/cne-niega-la-entrega-de-claves-al-movimiento-revolucion-alfarista|title=CNE niega la entrega de claves al movimiento Revolución Alfarista|last=mundo|first=El Telégrafo-Noticias del Ecuador y del|date=5 April 2018|website=El Telégrafo - Noticias del Ecuador y del mundo|language=es-es|access-date=9 November 2019}}
File:La revolucion ciudadana Avanza.PNG, the titular movement which inspired the creation of the party.]]
The 11 April 2021 presidential election run-off vote ended in a win for conservative former banker, Guillermo Lasso, taking 52.4% of the vote compared to 47.6% of the candidate of Citizen Revolution Movement, left-wing economist Andrés Arauz, supported by exiled former president, Rafael Correa.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56713570|title = Guillermo Lasso: Conservative ex-banker elected Ecuador president|work = BBC News|date = 12 April 2021}}
In June 2021, it was reported that Arauz had resigned the leadership of the Citizen Revolution movement and he was briefly replaced by Raisa Corral who is a legislator for Manabi.{{Cite web |date=2021-06-03 |title=Fuerza Compromiso Social aceptó la renuncia de Andrés Arauz a su Presidencia; Raisa Corral asume el cargo |url=https://elcorreopostal.com/index.php/2021/06/03/fuerza-compromiso-social-acepto-la-renuncia-de-andres-arauz-a-su-presidencia-raisa-corral-asume-el-cargo/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=El Correo Postal: Recibe noticias de todo el mundo y Ecuador |language=es-EC}} She was succeeded by Marcela Aguiñaga as president of the Citizen Revolution Movement later in 2021.{{cite news |last1=Mendoza |first1=Rebeca |title=Glas appears before a judge in the Guayas Court of Justice |url=https://thecuencadispatch.com/glas-appears-before-a-judge-in-the-guayas-court-of-justice/ |work=The Cuenca Dispatch |date=3 May 2022}}
González was selected as the Citizen Revolution Movement's presidential candidate for the 2023 presidential election, with Andrés Arauz as her running mate. One of her campaign promises was to make former President Rafael Correa a central figure in her administration. After finishing in first place in the first round of voting, she went on to lose to Daniel Noboa, securing 47% of the vote.{{cite web |title=Daniel Noboa, political neophyte and heir to banana empire, elected president in Ecuador |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/daniel-noboa-political-neophyte-and-heir-to-banana-empire-elected-president-in-ecuador/ar-AA1ihIOr |accessdate=16 October 2023 |publisher=MSN}} Gonzalez would go on to lose the 2025 presidential election once again to Noboa, winning 44% of the vote, refusing to concede and alleging fraud without providing evidence.{{cite news |last=Wells |first=Ione |date=14 April 2025 |title=Daniel Noboa: Centre-right leader wins re-election in Ecuador |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gr8dw20evo |access-date=14 April 2025 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB |quote=His left-wing challenger, Luisa González, said she did not accept the result and claimed fraud, without providing evidence.}}{{Cite news |author=AFP |date=14 April 2025 |title=Incumbent Noboa wins Ecuador presidential vote, opposition claims fraud |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/04/14/noboa-wins-ecuador-presidential-vote-election-authority_6740191_4.html |access-date=14 April 2025 |work=Le Monde |language=en |quote=His left-wing rival, Luisa Gonzalez, accused Noboa of fraud without providing evidence for her claims. 'I refuse to believe that the people prefer lies over the truth,' she said.}}
Ideas
It has been described as representing socialism of the 21st century,{{Cite web |last=Ulloa |first=César |date=2025-02-19 |title=Elections in Ecuador: continuity or a return to correísmo? |url=https://latinoamerica21.com/en/elections-in-ecuador-continuity-or-a-return-to-correismo/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Latinoamérica 21 |language=en-US |quote=21st-century socialism, represented by Luisa González of the Citizen Revolution and heir to former President Rafael Correa}} with the party being allied to Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro on foreign policy and wanting to remove the dollar as Ecuador’s currency.{{Cite web |last=Walla |first=Katherine |date=2025-04-14 |title=What Noboa's reelection means for US-Ecuador ties |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/what-noboas-reelection-means-for-us-ecuador-ties/ |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}
On August the 28th 2021, the Citizen’s Revolution Movement laid out its principles, describing them in these terms:
{{Blockquote|We define ourselves as a contemporary leftist organization, pluralist, humanist, feminist, and environmentalist. We define ourselves as a progressive, anti-colonial, and anti-capitalist political movement, constituted for political action, contesting access to power and the formulation and implementation of progressive policies that promote good living, through the exercise of politics as a form of service to promote the common good and the self-determination of peoples. We identify with the postulates of the contemporary left, which recognizes forms of property that fulfill their social and environmental function, which tends to progressively intervene in the primary and secondary distribution of wealth to achieve equality and promote economic growth, and which, through the State and the functioning of the market at the service of society, generate post-capitalist societies. Along these lines, we affirm our process of building our own model of Socialism of Good Living. We are a solidarity organization that embraces the causes of fighting neocolonial and patriarchal domination, for social justice, and the defense of the common good and the dignity of Ecuador and the world. We dream of a more humane country and world. [ https://revolucionciudadana.com.ec/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/IDEARIO-RC5.pdf]}}
Election results
=National Assembly elections=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Election !Leader !Votes !% !Seats !+/– |
| 2021{{efn|Ran as part of the Union for Hope coalition.}}
| rowspan="3" |Rafael Correa |2,584,595 |32.21 |{{Composition bar|42|137|{{party color|Citizen Revolution}}}} |New |
|---|
| 2023
|3,326,110 |39.72 |{{Composition bar|42|116|{{party color|Citizen Revolution}}}} |{{steady}} |
| 2025
|3,764,096 |41.32 |{{Composition bar|66|151|{{party color|Citizen Revolution}}}} |{{Increase}} 24 |
= Presidential elections =
| class="wikitable"
!Election !Candidate !Votes !% |
| 2021{{efn|Ran as part of the Union for Hope coalition.}}
|4,236,515 |47.64% |
|---|
| 2023
| rowspan="2" |Luisa González |4,880,525 |48.17% |
| 2025
|4,670,260 |44.40% |
{{Notelist}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Official website|https://revolucionciudadana.com.ec/}}
{{Ecuadorian political parties}}
Category:2018 establishments in Ecuador
Category:Ecuadorian nationalism
Category:Left-wing nationalist parties
Category:Political parties established in 2018
Category:Political parties in Ecuador