Citrus macroptera
{{Short description|Citrus fruit and plant}}
{{Redirect|Cabuyao (fruit)|the other citrus species also known as cabuyao or kabuyaw|Citrus hystrix}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Macroptère.jpg
|image_caption =
|taxon = Citrus macroptera
|authority = Montrouz.
|synonyms = * C. aurantium subsp. saponacea Saff.
- C. papuana F.M.Bailey
|synonyms_ref = {{GRIN | access-date = December 15, 2017}}
}}
Citrus macroptera, commonly known as cabuyao,Peter Hanelt (ed.) 2001 Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals), first English edition. Springer. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kqqH6UdyYnoC&pg=PA1020 in Google Books] Melanesian papeda, or wild orange,Harley I. Manner, Richard S. Buker, Virginia Easton Smith, Deborah Ward, and Craig R. Elevitch 2006. Species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry: Citrus (citrus) and Fortunella (kumquat), Rutaceae (Rue family). [http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Citrus-citrus.pdf pdf] is a semi-wild species of citrus native to the Malesian ecoregion (Island Southeast Asia and Melanesia).
Some authorities consider C. macroptera to be a taxonomic synonym of C. hystrix (kaffir lime),{{ cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2724129 |title=TPL, treatment of Citrus hystrix DC. |work=The Plant List; Version 1. (published on the internet) |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden |year=2010 |access-date=March 9, 2013}} while others consider C. macroptera var. annamensis to be a synonym of C. hystrix, but not C. macroptera var. macroptera.
Citrus macroptera is cultivated widely in the Sylhet region (South Asia) of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley Division of the Indian state of Assam, where it is known as hatkhora.{{cite journal |last1=Aktar |first1=Koly |last2=Foyzun |first2=Tahira |title=Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Studies of Citrus macroptera : A Medicinal Plant Review |journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine |date=January 2017 |volume=2017 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2017/9789802|doi-access=free |pmid=28740540 |pmc=5504973 }}
Description
Citrus macroptera is so-named because of the large "wings" (-ptera) on the petiole, which is as large as the blade of the leaf.
The tree, which has thorns, can reach {{cvt|5|m}} in height. Its fruit is about {{cvt|6|–|7|cm|in|frac=2}} in diameter, has a fairly smooth, moderately thick rind, and is yellow when ripe. The pulp of the fruit is greenish-yellow and dry (does not produce much juice). The juice is very bitter, and somewhat sour.
Varieties
The species is sometimes divided into four varieties, or alternatively into three separate species, as follows:Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995–2020 (2007). Sorting Citrus Names: Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D) - A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia. [http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Citrus.html]
Cultivation
Citrus macroptera is cultivated widely in the Sylhet region (South Asia) of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley Division of the Indian state of Assam, where it is known as hatkhora or ({{langx|syl|ꠢꠣꠔꠇꠞꠣ}}, {{IPA|syl|ɦat̪xɔɾa|}}).{{cite journal |last1=Aktar |first1=Koly |last2=Foyzun |first2=Tahira |title=Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Studies of Citrus macroptera : A Medicinal Plant Review |journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine |date=January 2017 |volume=2017 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2017/9789802|doi-access=free |pmid=28740540 |pmc=5504973 }}
Citrus macroptera is cultivated on a small scale in home gardens in the northeast Indian states of Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya, where its fruit is used for various purposes.{{cite journal |author1=S. K. Malik |author2=Susheel Kumar |author3=I. P. Singh |author4=O. P. Dhariwal |author5=Rekha Chaudhury |title=Socio-economic importance, domestication trends and in situ conservation of wild Citrus species of Northeast India |journal=Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution |date=June 2013 |volume=60 |issue=5 |page=1660 |doi=10.1007/s10722-012-9948-x}} A cultivar of C. macroptera var. annamensis is grown in the Sylhet Division of northeastern Bangladesh.{{cite journal |author1=M. N. Miah |author2=Sahina Islam |author3=Syed Hadiuzzaman |year=2002 |title=Regeneration of Plantlets Through Somatic Embryogenesis from Nucellus Tissue of Citrus macroptera Mont. var. anammensis ('Sat Kara') |journal=Plant Tissue Culture |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=167 |url=https://www.baptcb.org/public/article/ptc12_2_10.pdf}}
Citrus macroptera is also commercially cultivated in South Africa, Spain, and Tonga. In Spain the plant serves as a rootstock for other Citrus species.
Uses
= Culinary uses =
In Bangladesh, especially Sylhet, the thick fleshy rind of Citrus macroptera is eaten as a vegetable, while the pulp is usually discarded because of its bitter-sour taste. The thick rind is cut into small pieces and cooked (either green or ripe) in beef, mutton, and fish curries, it is also used in Dal. The rind is often sun-dried for later cooking and consumption. The fruit is also pickled.
= Perfumery =
See also
- Bangladeshi cuisine
- Beef Hatkora
- Citrus latipes a similar-looking species native to Northeast India
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
- [http://www.plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CIMA10 USDA PLANTS profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511032833/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CIMA10 |date=2013-05-11 }}
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Category:Agriculture in Bangladesh
Category:Economy of Bangladesh
Category:Flora of tropical Asia
Category:Medicinal plants of Asia