Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands
{{Infobox country
| native_name = Zarząd Cywilny Ziem Wschodnich (Polish)
| conventional_long_name = Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands
| image_flag = Flag of Poland (1919–1928).svg
| flag_border = no
| flag_type = Flag of Poland
| image_coat =
| symbol_type =
| common_name = Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands
| image_map = Zarząd Cywilny Ziem Wschodnich.png
| image_map_caption = Map of civil administration subdivisions.
| stat_year1 = 1919
| stat_pop1 =
| stat_year2 = 1920
| stat_pop2 =
| status = Civil authority
| era = Interwar
| life_span = 1919–1920
| p1 = Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic{{!}}Russian SFSR
| flag_p1 = Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1925).svg
| s1 = Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front
| flag_s1 = Flag of Poland (1919–1928).svg
| s2 = Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories
| flag_s2 = Flag of Poland (1919–1928).svg
| s3 = Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic{{!}}Russian SFSR
| flag_s3 = Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1925).svg
| capital =
| title_leader = Chief Commissioner
| leader1 = Ludwik Kolankowski
| year_leader1 = 1919
| leader2 = Jerzy Osmołowski
| year_leader2 = 1919–1920
| event_pre =
| date_pre =
| event_start =
| date_start = 19 February 1919
| event1 = Direct control over territory given to the Council of Ministers of Poland
| date_event1 = 29 May 1920
| event2 =Formation of Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front from part of the territory
| date_event2 = 17 January 1920
| event_end = Transformation into Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories
| date_end = 9 September 1920
| event_post =
| date_post =
| official_languages = Polish
| currency =
| today =
| demonym =
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
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}}Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands{{efn|Polish: Zarząd Cywilny Ziem Wschodnich, abriviation: ZCZW}} was a civil authority of the territories controlled by Second Polish Republic but not incorporated into the state itself, that was formed during the Polish–Soviet War in 1919 and existed until 1920. It was formed on 19 February 1919 from the territories taken by Poland during the war, that were previously occupied by the Russian SFSR. In the summer of 1920, forces of Russian SFSR had conquered the area. After part of the area was reconquered by Poland, the administration was formally disestablished on 9 September 1920, and replaced by the Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories.Polityka administracyjna władz polskich na Ziemiach Wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w latach 1918–1926 by Waldemar Kozyra. Białystok. 2005.
History
Civil Administration of the Eastern Lands was established by Second Polish Republic on 19 February 1919, during the Polish–Soviet War, as a civil authority of the territories controlled but not incorporated into the state itself. It was formed from the territories taken by Poland during the war, that were previously occupied by the Russian SFSR. It was established by the decision of the Commander-in-chief of the Polish Armed Forces, and was placed under the rule of Chief Commissioner. On 22 April 1920, after the Vilna offensive, and taking control of Vilnius by Poland, Józef Piłsudski, had made a speech, known as Proclamation to the inhabitants of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in which he had announced that the conquered territories would be placed under a civil administration rather than a military one.{{cite book | author-link = Norman Davies | last = Davies | first = Norman | title = White Eagle, Red Star: the Polish Soviet War, 1919-20 | publisher = Pimlico |location=London | year = 2003 | isbn = 0-7126-0694-7 | orig-year = 1972 | pages=51–52}}Monitor Polski, issue 95. 28 April 1919.
On 17 February 1920, the Volhynian District together with neighboring lands, that would later form Podolian District, were transferred to the newly formed Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front.Dz. Urz. ZCZW z 1920 r. Nr 6, poz. 79. On 1 June 1920, with the decision of the Commander-in-chief of the Polish Armed Forces, the administration was placed under the direct control Council of Ministers of Poland.Dz. Urz. ZCZW z 1920 r. Nr 42, poz. 1057.
In the summer of 1920, forces of Russian SFSR had conquered the area. After part of the area was reconquered by Poland, the administration was formally disestablished on 9 September 1920,[https://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/show-content/publication/edition/12337?id=12337 Dziennik Rozkazów z 1920 r. Nr 35, poz. 752] and replaced by the Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories.
Subdivisions
The administration was subdivided into 4 districts that were: Brześć District, Mińsk District, Wilno District and Volhynian District.Dz. Urz. ZCZW z 1919 r. Nr 5, poz. 41.Dz. Urz. ZCZW z 1919 r. Nr 17, poz. 153.Dz. Urz. ZCZW z 1919 r. Nr 19, poz. 174.
On 17 February 1920, the Volhynian District together with neighboring lands, that would later form Podolian District, were transferred to the newly formed Civil Administration of the Lands of Volhynia and Podolian Front.
List of Chief Commissioners
- Ludwik Kolankowski (19 February 1919 – 15 April 1919)[http://mbc.cyfrowemazowsze.pl/dlibra/plain-content?id=12045 Zarys działalności Ekspozytury Zarządu Cywilnego Ziem Wschodnich w Warszawie w roku 1919-ym.] [access date: 2020-01-19]Dz. Urz. ZCZW z 1919 r. Nr 1, poz. 2.Dz. Urz. ZCZW z 1919 r. Nr 3, poz. 13.
- Jerzy Osmołowski (15 April 1919 – 1920)Dz. Urz. ZCZW z 1919 r. Nr 3, poz. 12.
Notes
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References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- Waldemar Kozyra, Polityka administracyjna władz polskich na Ziemiach Wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w latach 1918–1926, Białystok 2005
- Joanna Gierowska-Kałłaur, Zarząd Cywilny Ziem Wschodnich, Warszawa 2003 s. 447 + ilustr.
- Adam Janusz Mielcarek, Podziały terytorialno-administracyjne II Rzeczypospolitej w zakresie administracji zespolonej, Warszawa 2008
- Adam Janusz Mielcarek, [http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/media//files/Studia_z_Dziejow_Panstwa_i_Prawa_Polskiego/Studia_z_Dziejow_Panstwa_i_Prawa_Polskiego-r2011-t14/Studia_z_Dziejow_Panstwa_i_Prawa_Polskiego-r2011-t14-s241-251/Studia_z_Dziejow_Panstwa_i_Prawa_Polskiego-r2011-t14-s241-251.pdf Węzłowe zagadnienia ustrojowe Zarządu Cywilnego Ziem Wschodnich (1919-1920), w świetle aktów normatywnych], w: „Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego”, Kraków – Lublin – Łódź 2011, T. 14, s. 241–251.
- [http://mbc.cyfrowemazowsze.pl/dlibra/publication?id=5511 Dziennik Urzędowy Zarządu Cywilnego Ziem Wschodnich]
- Norman Davies. White Eagle, Red Star: the Polish Soviet War, 1919-20. London: Pimlico. 1972. ISBN 0-7126-0694-7.
{{Voivodeships of Poland 1919–1939}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Civil administrations of the Second Polish Republic
Category:Western Belorussia (1918–1939)
Category:Vilnius in the Russian Civil War
Category:Military history of Minsk
Category:States and territories established in 1919
Category:States and territories disestablished in 1920
Category:1919 establishments in Poland
Category:1919 establishments in Belarus
Category:1919 establishments in Ukraine
Category:1919 disestablishments in Poland
Category:1920 disestablishments in Lithuania