Civil Order of Alfonso XII
{{short description|Spanish State order named for King Alfonso XII}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox order
| name = Civil Order of Alfonso XII
| title =
| image = Orden_Civil_Alfonso_XII_Reino_de_España_AEA_Collections.jpg
| caption = Breast star of the Order
| awarded_by =
| type = State order
| established = 23 May 1902
| country = Spain
| ribbon =
| motto = Altiora peto
| eligibility =
| criteria =
| status = Abolished 2 September 1988
| founder = Alfonso XIII of Spain
| grades = {{Plainlist|
- Grand Cross (Gran Cruz)
- Commander (Encomienda)
- Chevalier (Caballero)
}}
| post-nominals =
| former_grades =
| first_induction =
| last_induction =
| image2 = Image:Alfonso_XII_Spain.png
| caption2 = Ribbon of the Order
}}
The Civil Order of Alfonso XII ({{langx|es|Orden Civil de Alfonso XII|links=no}}) is a Spanish honorific decoration named for King Alfonso XII (1857–1885). It was established by Royal Decree on 23 May 1902 to reward achievements in education, science, culture, teaching and research.{{Cite journal |url=http://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1902/152/A00953-00953.pdf |title=Real Decreto |trans-title=Royal Decree |journal=Gaceta de Madrid |number=152 |page=953 |language=es |date=1 June 1902 |access-date=15 November 2018}}{{Cite journal |url=http://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1902/186/A00073-00074.pdf |title=Reglamento de la Orden civil de Alfonso XII |trans-title=Regulation of the Civil Order of Alfonso XII |journal=Gaceta de Madrid |number=186 |pages=73–74 |language=es |date=5 July 1902 |access-date=15 November 2018}}
History
According to Article 3 of the Royal Decree, the order is composed of three categories: Grand Cross ({{langx|es|Gran Cruz|links=no}}), Commander ({{langx|es|Encomienda|links=no}}), and Chevalier ({{langx|es|Caballero|links=no}}).
Beginning in 1939, the members of the Order could request their entry into the newly created Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise.{{Cite journal |url=http://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1939/106/A02134-02134.pdf |title=Decreto de 11 de abril de 1939 creando la Orden de Alfonso X el Sabio |trans-title=Decree of 11 April 1939 Creating the Order of Alfonso X, the Wise |journal=Boletín Oficial del Estado |number=106 |page=2134 |language=es |date=16 April 1939 |access-date=15 November 2018}}
Royal Decree 954/1988, of 2 September, finalized its replacement with the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise, "adapting its norms to the social conditions of the present time and to the democratic principles on which the legal system is based."{{Cite journal |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/1988/BOE-A-1988-21104-consolidado.pdf |title=Real Decreto 954/1988, de 2 de septiembre, por el que se regula la Orden Civil de Alfonso X el Sabio |trans-title=Royal Decree 954/1988, of 2 September, Which Regulates the Civil Order of Alfonso X the Wise |journal=Boletín Oficial del Estado |number=216 |language=es |date=8 September 1988 |access-date=15 November 2018}}
Selected recipients
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
- Mariano Benlliure
- Sarah Bernhardt{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/139020702/ |title=Spain Decorates Sarah Bernhardt |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |agency=Associated Press |page=4 |date=21 May 1921 |access-date=15 November 2018 |via=newspapers.com}}
- Julián Calleja y Sánchez
- {{ill|Francisco Codera|es}}
- {{ill|Carlos Cortezo|es}}
- Marie Curie{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.revistalaocaloca.com/2011/12/marie-curie-cientifica-universal/ |title=Marie Curie, científica universal |trans-title=Marie Curie, Universal Scientist |first=Miguel |last=Carreras Ezquerra |magazine=La Oca Loca |language=es |date=21 December 2011 |access-date=15 November 2018}}
- José Echegaray
- Cesáreo Fernández Duro
- {{ill|Francisco Fernández y González|es}}
- Álvaro de Figueroa
- {{ill|José García Barbón|es}}
- José Gómez de Arteche
- {{ill|Teodoro Llorente Falcó|es}}
- {{ill|Lucas Mallada|es}}
- Andrés Manjón
- Carolina Marcial Dorado{{Cite news|title=Miss Marcial-Dorado, Barnard Professor; Head of Spanish Department was Honored by King Alfonso|date=July 26, 1941|work=The New York Times|page=15|via=ProQuest}}
- Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLpNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA518 |title=Revista de archivos, bibliotecas y museos, Volumes 6-7 |publisher=Montepio del Cuerpo Facultativo del Ramo |page=518 |language=es |year=1902 |access-date=15 November 2018 |via=Google Books}}
- Eugenio Montero Ríos
- José Moreno Carbonero
- {{ill|José Morer|es}}
- {{ill|Remigio Mugica Mugica|ca|lt=Remigio Mugica}}{{Cite journal |url=https://biblioteca.cordoba.es/BibDigital/1928-31_BOLETIN_MUSICAL/Boletin_Musical-1930-06_n27(1).pdf |title=El 'Orfeón Pamplonès' |journal=Boletín Musical |number=27 |page=18 |date=June 1930 |access-date=15 November 2018 |via=Ayuntamiento de Córdoba}}
- The Orfeó Català{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cx2iZqZ05eQC&pg=PA70 |title=Història de l'Orfeó Català: moments cabdals del seu passat |trans-title=History of the Orfeó Català: Important Moments of its Past |first=Josep M. |last=Roig i Rosich |publisher=L'Abadia de Montserra |isbn=9788478264056 |page=70 |language=ca |year=1993 |access-date=15 November 2018 |via=Google Books}}
- José María de Pereda
- Benito Pérez Galdós
- Francisco Pradilla Ortiz
- Agustí Querol Subirats
- Santiago Ramón y Cajal{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nwEyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA778 |title=Calendario manual y guía de forasteros en Madrid |trans-title=Manual Calendar and Guide for Foreigners in Madrid |publisher=Imprenta Real |pages=778–779 |language=es |year=1904 |access-date=15 November 2018 |via=Google Books}}
- Arthur Rubinstein{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/21/obituaries/arthur-rubinstein-dies-in-geneva-at-95.html |title=Arthur Rubinstein Dies in Geneva at 95 |work=The New York Times |date=21 December 1982 |access-date=15 November 2018}}
- Eduardo Saavedra
- {{ill|Vicente Santamaría de Paredes|es}}
- Joaquín Sorolla
- Leonardo Torres Quevedo{{cite journal|date=14 September 1906|location=Madrid|number=257|pages=1049|periodical=Gaceta de Madrid|ref=BOE-A-1906-5631|title=Reales decretos concediendo la Gran Cruz de la Orden civil de Alfonso XII á D. José Malheiro Reyano, D. Francisco Rodríguez Marín y D. Leonardo de Torres Quevedo.|url=https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1906/257/A01049-01049.pdf}}
- Juan Valera y Alcalá-Galiano
- Ricardo Velázquez Bosco
- {{ill|Pedro Viteri|es}}
}}
See also
References
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [https://wawards.org/en/spain/awards-since-1900/civil-order-of-alfonso-xii.html World Awards]
{{Authority control}}
Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of Spain
Category:1902 establishments in Spain
Category:1988 disestablishments in Spain