Cladodus
{{Short description|Extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Carboniferous}}
| image = Mammoth Cave "Cladodus" tooth (NPS Photo).jpg
| image_caption = A tooth which has been assigned to Cladodus sp. from Mammoth Cave. Cladodus exhibits cladodont dentition
| taxon = Cladodus
| authority = Agassiz, 1843
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
Cladodus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fishes in the family Ctenacanthidae. As the name implies, they are a type of cladodont, primitive sharks with teeth designed to snag fish and swallow them whole, instead of sawing off chunks to swallow.
Fossils of Cladodus have been found in Barkip, Scotland,{{cite book|title=Catalogue of the western Scottish fossils|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HXUtAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA76|accessdate=19 February 2012|edition=Public domain|year=1876|publisher=Blackie|pages=76–}} Bundock and Laurel Formations, Australia{{cite journal|author=Brett Roelofs, Milo Barham, Arthur J. Mory, Kate Trinajstics|date=January 2016|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294795753|title=Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous chondrichthyans from the Fairfield Group, Canning Basin, Western Australia|journal=Palaeontologia Electronica|volume=19|issue=1|page=1-28|doi=10.26879/583}} and in the Pitkin Formation (Carboniferous period) in Arkansas, United States. In addition, fossils attributable to Cladodus are known from the Manning Canyon Shale of Carboniferous age in the state of Utah.{{cite journal |last1=Mickle |first1=Kathryn E. |date=9 September 2011 |title=The early actinopterygian fauna of the Manning Canyon Shale Formation (upper Mississippian, lower Pennsylvanian) of Utah, U.S.A. |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02724634.2011.595622 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=962–980 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.595622 |bibcode=2011JVPal..31..962M |s2cid=129224357 |access-date=9 September 2020}}
Species
- †Cladodus alternatus St. John & Worthen, 1875
- †Cladodus angulatus Newberry & Worthen, 1866
- †Cladodus bellifer St. John & Worthen, 1875
- †Cladodus divaricatus Trautschold, 1874
- †Cladodus elegans Newberry & Worthen, 1870Comments on the selachian genus Cladodus Agassiz, 1843. Christopher J. Duffin and Michal Ginter, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2006, Volume 26, Issue 2, pages 253-266, {{doi|10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[253:COTSGC]2.0.CO;2}} Remains (braincase and a tooth) have been found in Scotland (Clackmannan Group).The Braincase and Jaws of Cladodus from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland. Michal Ginter and John G. Maisey, Palaeontology, March 2007, Volume 50, Issue 2, pages 305–322, {{doi|10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00633.x}}
- †Cladodus eriensis Bryant, 1935
- †Cladodus formosus Hay, 1902
- †Cladodus gailensis Feichtinger et al., 2021{{Cite journal|last1=Feichtinger |first1=I. |last2=Ivanov |first2=A. O. |last3=Winkler |first3=V. |last4=Dojen |first4=C. |last5=Kindlimann |first5=R. |last6=Kriwet |first6=J. |last7=Pfaff |first7=C. |last8=Schraut |first8=G. |last9=Stumpf |first9=S. |year=2021 |title=Scarce ctenacanthiform sharks from the Mississippian of Austria with an analysis of Carboniferous elasmobranch diversity in response to climatic and environmental changes |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=e1925902 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2021.1925902 |bibcode=2021JVPal..41E5902F |s2cid=237518044 }}
- †Cladodus marginatus Agassiz, 1843
- †Cladodus mirabilis Agassiz, 1843 (type species)
- †Cladodus pandatus St. John & Worthen, 1875
- †Cladodus springeri St. John & Worthen, 1875
- †Cladodus thomasi Turner, 1982 Known by teeth from the Lower Carboniferous Bundock Formation, North Queensland, and the Tournaisian Laurel Formation, Western Australia. Teeth reach 2.2-90 mm in length. This species was considered as a junior synonym of Stethacanthus obtusus by Lebedev (1996) but later reassigned to Cladodus due to a smaller number and distinct morphology of cusps.
- †Cladodus vanhornei St. John & Worthen, 1875
- †Cladodus yunnanensis Pan, 1964
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Chondrichthyan genera|C.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q22285555}}
Category:Prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera
Category:Mississippian fish of North America
Category:Taxa named by Louis Agassiz
Category:Fossil taxa described in 1843
Category:Carboniferous fish of Europe
Category:Paleozoic fish of Australia
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