Clarice Yentsch

Yentsch has a B.S. Natural Sciences (1964) and M.Sc. Science Education Biology (1965) from the University of Wisconsin.{{Cite journal|last=Nova University|date=1968-10-01|title=Nova University News, October 1968|url=https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nsudigital_novanews/37|journal=Nova News}} In the period between 1967 and 1968, she also taught biology at the Junior College of Broward County{{Cite web|title=Catalogue 1967–1968|url=http://broward.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/broward%3A78/datastream/OBJ/view/1967-1968_College_Catalog.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502152640/http://broward.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/broward:78/datastream/OBJ/view/1967-1968_College_Catalog.pdf |archive-date=2021-05-02 }} which is now called Broward College. She obtained her Ph.D. from Nova Southeastern University where she was one of 21 students in Nova Southeastern's first class{{Cite web|last=Abelto|first=Aaron|date=2014-02-18|title=The first steps of NSU|url=https://nsucurrent.nova.edu/2014/02/18/the-first-steps-of-nsu/|access-date=2021-05-02|website=The Current|language=en-US}}{{Cite journal|last=Nova Southeastern University|date=1967-09-20|title=News Release – First Class of Students|url=https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nsudigital_glrcessays/3|journal=NSU Archives Papers}} four of whom were women. Yentsch describes the beginning of Nova Southeastern's oceanography program and their one-to-one ratio of Ph.D. students to professors in a 2014 video filmed during a celebration of the founding of Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences.{{Citation|title=Cafe Scientifique 2014: Early stories of the Laboratory|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfBiHRz8ilA|language=en|access-date=2021-05-08}} The program from the May 17, 1970 commencement lists her Ph.D. research project as a "Contribution by Oscillatoria erythraea (Ehrenb.) Kutz, to the Primary Productivity of the Tropical Marine Environment",{{cite thesis|last=Moreth|first=Clarice M.|date=1970|title=Contribution by Oscillatoria erythraea (Ehrenb.) Kutz, to the Primary Productivity of the Tropical Marine Environment|type=Doctoral dissertation|chapter=|publisher=|docket=|oclc=|url=https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/77/|access-date=}} by Clarice Morel and advised by Charles S. Yentsch.{{Cite journal|last=Nova University|date=1970-04-01|title=Novacrat, April 1970|url=https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nsudigital_novacrat/30|journal=The Novacrat|volume=5|issue=4}}{{Cite journal|last=Nova Southeastern University|date=1970-05-17|title=1970 Commencement|url=https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nsudigital_commencement/1|journal=NSU Commencement Programs}}

Clarice and her husband Charles Yentsch considered positions at the University of Massachusetts in 1970, but the offers were rescinded because the University of Massachusetts would not allow Clarice to hold a position at the same institution as her husband.{{Cite web |last1= |last2= |first2= |date=2017-03-10 |title=Choices and Challenges: Dr. Yentsch speaks to students pursuing non-traditional careers |url=https://news.sunybroome.edu/buzz/choices-and-challenges-dr-yentsch-speaks-to-students-pursuing-non-traditional-careers/ |access-date=2021-05-02 |website=The Buzz |language=en-US}} When land became available on McKown Point in Maine, Charlie and Clarice worked to establish a research institution there which, in literature dating to 1954,{{Cite book|last=Service|first=United States Internal Revenue|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AXnP6-0brcUC|title=Cumulative List of Organizations Described in Section 170 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954|date=1981|publisher=Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=An inventory of ocean-oriented activities in the state of Maine, 1968|url=https://digitalmaine.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1046&context=decd_docs|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504122415/https://digitalmaine.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1046&context=decd_docs |archive-date=2021-05-04 }}{{Cite web|date=2020-08-05|title=BIGELOW LABORATORY FOR OCEAN SCIENCES (LEI# 549300EYZ3LGHD4BJ197) is a legal entity|url=https://opencorpdata.com/lei/549300EYZ3LGHD4BJ197|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504122416/https://opencorpdata.com/lei/549300EYZ3LGHD4BJ197 |archive-date=2021-05-04 }} is described as the Northeastern Research Foundation and later became the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. During a 2014 event at Bigelow Laboratory, Clarice noted "people are first" was a guiding principle of the foundation of the laboratory and she and Charlie aimed to establish a research institute that would minimize the bureaucratic load on the scientists. Yentsch has described one goal of founding Bigelow Laboratory to allow scientists to "focus on the sea as a unit".{{Cite news|last=Belisle|first=Lisa|date=2014|title=Dr. Clarice Yentsch|work=The Maine Magazine|url=https://www.themainemag.com/features/2581-bigelow-laboratory/|access-date=2021-05-02}} In 2019 Deborah Bronk, the director of Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, described the lab as “brain child of two rebel oceanographers [Clarice and Charlie Yentsch] who were sick of people telling them what to do".{{Cite news|last=Schmitt|first=Catherine|date=2019|title=Research along Maine's long wild edge|work=March/April 2019|publisher=Maine Boats, Homes & Harbors|issue=157|url=https://maineboats.com/print/issue-157/research-along-maine%E2%80%99s-long-wild-edge}}

From 1974 to 1993, Yentsch was a Research Scientist at Bigelow. After that period, she worked at a number of public institutions including the Education Development Center in Newton, MA (1993–1998), the American Museum of Natural History in New York City (1998–2001), the Mel Fisher Maritime Museum (2002–2008), the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington D.C. and Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center in Dania Beach, Florida (starting in 2009).

Yentsch is known for adapting the use of flow cytometry from biomedical research to the study of phytoplankton in marine systems. In 1981, Yentsch first demonstrated this by utilizing a flow cytometer from the medical laboratories of the University of Rochester to quantify the amount of saxitoxin in the red tide dinoflagellate Gonyaulax.{{Cite journal|date=1981-01-01|title=Flow cytometric analysis of cellular saxitoxin in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis var. excavata|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0041010181900994|journal=Toxicon|language=en|volume=19|issue=5|pages=611–621|doi=10.1016/0041-0101(81)90099-4|issn=0041-0101|last1=Yentsch|first1=Clarice M.|pmid=7197816}} In 1982, Yentsch lead a team of scientists in the flow cytometric analysis of seawater samples collected at the Bermuda Biological Station (now the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study) where they demonstrated phytoplankton cells could be distinguished from non-living material and that cyanobacteria could be sorted from a mixed community and subsequently cultured in the lab.{{Cite journal|last1=Yentsch|first1=Clarice M.|last2=Horan|first2=Paul K.|last3=Muirhead|first3=Katharine|last4=Dortch|first4=Quay|last5=Haugen|first5=Elin|last6=Legendre|first6=Louis|last7=Murphy|first7=Lynda S.|last8=Perry|first8=Mary Jane|last9=Phinney|first9=David A.|last10=Pomponi|first10=Shirley A.|last11=Spinrad|first11=Richard W.|date=1983|title=Flow cytometry and cell sorting: A technique for analysis and sorting of aquatic particles1|journal=Limnology and Oceanography|language=en|volume=28|issue=6|pages=1275–1280|doi=10.4319/lo.1983.28.6.1275|bibcode=1983LimOc..28.1275Y|issn=1939-5590|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last=Yentsch|first=Clarice M.|date=1983|title=Flow cytometry and sorting|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/EO064i023p00403-03|journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union|language=en|volume=64|issue=23|pages=403|doi=10.1029/EO064i023p00403-03|bibcode=1983EOSTr..64..403Y|issn=2324-9250}} To develop this technology, Clarice Yentsch received funding in 1982 from the National Science Foundation (OCE 8213567 for "Flow cytometry development for ocean science research" and OCE-8121331 "Carbon in autotrophs and heterotrophs separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting").{{Cite web|title=NSF Award Search: Results for searching on Clarice Yentsch|url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/simpleSearchResult?queryText=clarice+yentsch&ActiveAwards=true&ExpiredAwards=true|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-06|website=www.nsf.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506124342/https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/simpleSearchResult?queryText=clarice+yentsch&ActiveAwards=true&ExpiredAwards=true |archive-date=2021-05-06 }} In 1983, Clarice Yentsch established the [https://www.bigelow.org/services/fac/ Center for Aquatic Cytometry] at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences{{Cite web|title=History – Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences|url=https://www.bigelow.org/services/fac/history.html|access-date=2021-05-02|website=www.bigelow.org}} which is active to this day. In 1988, Sallie W. Chisholm, Robert Olsen, and Clarice Yentsch described flow cytometry with the goal of introducing the technique to the oceanographic community, including a list of flow cytometers dedicated to oceanography and limnology.{{Cite journal|last1=Chisholm|first1=Sallie W.|last2=Olson|first2=Robert J.|last3=Yentsch|first3=Clarice M.|date=1988|title=Flow cytometry in oceanography: Status and prospects|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/88EO00156|journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union|language=en|volume=69|issue=18|pages=562–572|doi=10.1029/88EO00156|bibcode=1988EOSTr..69..562C|issn=2324-9250}}

By 1984, the study of phytoplankton was advancing due to the ability of flow cytometry to characterize phytoplankton on small scales, as described in a paper led by Clarice Yentsch.{{Citation|last1=Yentsch|first1=C. M.|title=Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting : Problems and Promises for Biological Ocean Science Research|date=1984|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/LN008p0141|work=Marine Phytoplankton and Productivity|pages=141–155|publisher=American Geophysical Union (AGU)|language=en|doi=10.1029/ln008p0141|isbn=978-1-118-66951-8|access-date=2021-05-03|last2=Cucci|first2=L.|last3=Phinney|first3=D. A.}} By adding stains that bind to DNA, Yentsch and colleagues were able to quantify the nucleic acid content of dinoflagellates and thereby estimate the actively-growing proportion of the microbial population.{{Cite journal|last1=Yentsch|first1=Clarice M.|last2=Mague|first2=Frances C.|last3=Horan|first3=Paul K.|last4=Muirhead|first4=Katherine|date=1983-02-21|title=Flow cytometric DNA determinations on individual cells of the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis var. excavata|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-0981%2883%2990088-6|journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology|language=en|volume=67|issue=2|pages=175–183|doi=10.1016/0022-0981(83)90088-6|issn=0022-0981}} The use of flow cytometry in aquatic science advanced rapidly and in 1989 Clarice Yentsch and Paul Horan co-edited a special issue on "Cytometry in the Aquatic Sciences".{{Cite journal|last1=Yentsch|first1=Clarice M.|last2=Horan|first2=Paul Karl|date=1989|title=Cytometry in the Aquatic Sciences|journal=Cytometry|language=en|volume=10|issue=5|pages=497–499|doi=10.1002/cyto.990100503|issn=1097-0320|doi-access=free}}

At the same time, large scale investigations into phytoplankton ecology using satellites were beginning and Clarice and Charles Yentsch examined both of these tools in a 1984 publication.{{Cite book|last1=Yentsch|first1=Clarice M.|title=Emergence of Optical Instrumentation for Measuring Biological Properties|last2=Yentsch|first2=Charles S.|publisher=CRC Press|year=1984|isbn=9780429077579}} Clarice and Charlie had history of joint publications starting with two publications in 1970 on the quantification of phytoplankton pigments in oligotrophic oceans{{Cite journal|last1=Moreth|first1=Clarice M.|last2=Yentsch|first2=Charles S.|date=1970|title=A Sensitive Method for the Determination of Open Ocean Phytoplankton Phycoerythrin Pigments by Fluorescence1|journal=Limnology and Oceanography|language=en|volume=15|issue=2|pages=313–317|doi=10.4319/lo.1970.15.2.0313|bibcode=1970LimOc..15..313M|issn=1939-5590|doi-access=free}} and the decomposition of chlorophyll from marine phytoplankton.{{Cite journal|last1=Moreth|first1=Clarice M.|last2=Yentsch|first2=Charles S.|date=1970-02-01|title=The role of chlorophyllase and light in the decomposition of chlorophyll from marine phytoplankton|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-0981%2870%2990037-7|journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=238–249|doi=10.1016/0022-0981(70)90037-7|issn=0022-0981}} This early research was funded by a $31,900 grant from the National Institutes of Health to Clarice Yentsch at the Northeastern Research Foundation, the precursor to Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, for a project entitled "Assessment of health hazards from toxic red tide cysts".{{Cite book|last=National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Research_grants_1968_-_80_(IA_researchgrants1900nati).pdf|title=Research grants 1968 – 80|location=IA Collections: nihlibrary; fedlink; americana|pages=109}}

Yentsch works in the community in several roles. She worked on the [http://armadaproject.org/tea/tea_acknowledgements.html Teachers Experience Antarctica] project and serves on the advisory committee for the Consortium for Ocean Science Exploration and Engagement (COSEE).{{Cite web|title=COSEE Ocean Systems: Directory|url=http://cosee.umaine.edu/people/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowPerson&pplID=485|access-date=2021-05-02|website=cosee.umaine.edu}} In 2015, Yentsch established the Waypoint Foundation to address areas of concern in the Florida Keys.{{Cite web|title=The Waypoint Foundation {{!}} Celebrating Creativity, Education, Exhibitions and Collaboration in the Florida Keys|url=https://www.thewaypointfoundation.org/|access-date=2021-05-02|language=en-US}} Through the Waypoint Foundation, Yentsch is working on two initiatives, the [https://innocentsoulsvietnam.org/about/ Innocent Souls] show of Vietnam photography and a program on dental health through the [https://www.mobilesmilemaker.org/about-us/ Smile Maker] project.{{Cite web|last=Duong|first=Tiffany|date=2020-02-06|title=Waypoint Foundation fundraising to bring mobile dental clinic to the Keys|url=https://keysweekly.com/42/waypoint-foundation-fundraising-to-bring-mobile-dental-clinic-to-the-keys/|access-date=2021-05-02|website=Florida Keys Weekly Newspapers|language=en-US}}

Yentsch has published two books: The Women Scientist: Meeting the Challenges for a Successful Career{{Cite book|last1=Yentsch|first1=Clarice M.|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4899-5976-8|title=The Woman Scientist: Meeting the Challenges for a Successful Career|last2=Sindermann|first2=Carl J.|date=1992|publisher=Springer US|isbn=978-0-306-44131-8|location=Boston, MA|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4899-5976-8}} and, with Sarah Fraser Robbins, The Sea is All About Us.{{Cite book|last=Robbins|first=Sarah Fraser|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/814621|title=The sea is all about us|date=1973|publisher=Peabody Museum of Salem|others=Clarice M. Yentsch|isbn=0-87577-046-0|location=[Salem, Mass.]|oclc=814621}}

• Maryann Hartman Award from University of Maine for achievement by a Maine woman (1996){{Cite web|title=Maryann Hartman Awards Recipients - Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies – University of Maine|url=https://umaine.edu/womensgenderandsexualitystudies/mahawards/recipients/|access-date=2021-05-06|website=Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|year=1996|title=Community activists earn UMaine Women's Studies Program recognition|volume=114|page=1|work=The Maine Campus|issue=26|url=https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainecampus/4425}}
• Distinguished Alumni Achievement Award from Nova Southeastern University (2005){{Cite news|date=June 6, 2006|title=Alumni News|page=52|work=Dispatches|url=https://onwisconsin.uwalumni.com/content/uploads/2006/06/2006-Summer-ON-WI.pdf}}{{Cite web|last=LizC|title=Distinguished Alumni Awards {{!}} Nova Southeastern University|url=https://www.nova.edu/alumni/events/distinguished-alumni-awards.html|access-date=2021-05-03|website=NSU|language=en}}
• Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography honor Clarice Yentsch and David Schindler by establishing the Yentsch-Schindler Award for early career scientists (2012){{Cite web|title=Yentsch-Schindler Early Career Award|url=https://www.aslo.org/aslo-awards/yentsch-schindler-early-career-award/|access-date=2021-05-06|website=ASLO|language=en-US}}
• NIGHTSEA / Electron Microscopy Sciences KEY award was named for K = Les Kaufman, E = Harold Edgerton and Thomas Eisner, and Y is the "remarkable husband and wife team of Drs. Charlie and Clarice Yentsch" (2015){{Cite web|title=NIGHTSEA Fluorescence Viewing Systems|url=https://www.emsdiasum.com/microscopy/products/magnifier/nightsea_key_entry2020.aspx|access-date=2021-05-07|website=www.emsdiasum.com}}{{Cite web|title=StackPath|url=https://www.laserfocusworld.com/biooptics/bioimaging/fluorescence/article/14191836/nightsea-and-ems-launch-fluorescence-microscopy-award-for-new-lab-setups|access-date=2021-05-07|website=www.laserfocusworld.com}}

• [https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nsudigital_ocphotos/27/ Photo of Clarice Yentsch from 1970], located at Nova Southeastern University archive

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Category:American women biologists

Category:Nova Southeastern University alumni

Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni

Category:Broward College faculty

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Category:Living people