Claude Hendrix

{{Infobox baseball biography

|name=Claude Hendrix

|position=Pitcher

|image=ClaudeHendrix.jpg

|birth_date={{Birth date|1889|4|13}}

|birth_place=Olathe, Kansas, U.S.

|death_date={{death date and age|1944|3|22|1889|4|13}}

|death_place=Allentown, Pennsylvania, U.S.

|bats=Right

|throws=Right

|debutleague = MLB

|debutdate=June 11

|debutyear=1911

|debutteam=Pittsburgh Pirates

|finalleague = MLB

|finaldate=August 27

|finalyear=1920

|finalteam=Chicago Cubs

|statleague = MLB

|stat1label=Win–loss record

|stat1value=144–116

|stat2label=Earned run average

|stat2value=2.65

|stat3label=Strikeouts

|stat3value=697

|teams=

Pittsburgh Pirates (1911–1913)
Chicago Chi-Feds/Whales (1914–1915)
Chicago Cubs (1916–1920)

|highlights=

Federal League champion (1915)
Federal League ERA champion (1914)
Federal League wins champion (1914)

}}

Claude Raymond Hendrix (April 13, 1889 – March 22, 1944) was an American professional baseball pitcher who played in the National League for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1911–13) and Chicago Cubs (1916–20) and in the Federal League with the Chicago Whales (1914–15). He pitched a no-hitter in 1915 and was the first pitcher to record a victory at Wrigley Field, then named Weeghman Park. In 1921, he was accused of tipping off a gambler to a possibly fixed game in 1920; an allegation that, while not proven, likely ended his career in baseball.

Biography

Hendrix was born in Olathe, Kansas. His father was a banker who had also served as the Johnson County sheriff. In 1908, he attended and played baseball for Fairmount College, the predecessor to Wichita State University. After college, he played for Lincoln in the Western League. In 1909, he played for the Salina Trade Winners of the Central Kansas League. He had a good season in 1910 with an independent minor league team in Cheyenne, Wyoming, with a record of 17 wins and four losses with 208 strikeouts.{{cite web| url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/claude-hendrix/ |title=Claude Hendrix |author=Jonathan Dunkle |publisher=Society for American Baseball Research |accessdate=2020-06-20}}

The season earned him a contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates for 1911. His second season in Pittsburgh was a breakout year where Hendrix, a spitballer, went 24-9 with a 2.59 earned run average. As a 23-year old player, he was second in strikeouts, behind only Grover Cleveland Alexander and received a few votes for Most Valuable Player. In 1913, his win–loss record was only 14-15, but he had a good ERA of 2.84 with 138 strikeouts.

In 1914, Hendrix sought an increase in his salary to $7,500 per season. After manager Fred Clarke offered him a contract with a lesser increase, Hendrix failed to provide Pittsburgh with an answer and owner Barney Dreyfuss rescinded the contract and offered him one with no increase instead. He instead signed with the Chicago Whales of the new Federal League. On April 23, 1914, Hendrix pitched in the first game at Wrigley Field, now Wrigley Field and became the first pitcher to record a win in the stadium with a five-hitter against the Kansas City Packers.{{cite web |url=https://sabr.org/gamesproj/game/april-23-1914-chicago-feds-open-weeghman-park-later-known-as-wrigley-field/ |title=April 23, 1914: Chicago Feds open Weeghman Park, later known as Wrigley Field |publisher=Society for American Baseball Research |accessdate=2020-06-20}} That season, he went 29-10 for Chicago, leading the league in wins, ERA and complete games. On May 15, 1915, Hendrix pitched a no-hitter against the Pittsburgh Rebels, allowing only three batters to reach base on walks.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1915/05/16/archives/hendrix-pitches-nohit-game.html |title=Hendrix Pitches No Hit Game |work=The New York Times |date=1915-05-16}} However, his 1915 campaign was more pedestrian with only 16 victories and a 3.00 ERA. Still, the Chi-Feds captured the Federal League pennant in 1915.

In 1916, Hendrix signed a contract with the Chicago Cubs in the wake of the Federal League's collapse. Hendrix started the first game for the Cubs at Wrigley Field, which Chicago won 7-6 in 11 innings.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.si.com/mlb/2020/04/20/this-day-sports-history-chicago-cubs-play-first-game-weeghman-park |title=This Day in Sports History: Cubs Play First Game in Weeghman Park, Later Renamed Wrigley Field |magazine=Sports Illustrated |date=2020-04-20}} His first two seasons in Chicago, he posted ERA of 2.68 and 2.60 but had a record of 18-28 as the Cubs struggled.

In 1918, the team and Hendrix had a resurgence. Hendrix went 20-7 with a 2.78 ERA and the Cubs won the National League Pennant. Hendrix helped clinch the league title on August 24 winning the first game of a doubleheader against the Brooklyn Robins.{{cite web |url=https://sabr.org/gamesproj/game/august-24-1918-cubs-clinch-fifth-national-league-pennant-in-13-years-with-doubleheader-sweep/ |title=August 24, 1918: Cubs clinch fifth National League pennant in 13 years with doubleheader sweep |publisher=Society for American Baseball Research |accessdate=2020-06-20}} Hendrix did not start in the 1918 World Series against the Boston Red Sox, the first to feature Babe Ruth. The left-handed Ruth was notoriously tough on right-handed pitchers and the Cubs started only Hippo Vaughn and Lefty Tyler to try and hold Ruth in check.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCuHrSGRu5YC&pg=PT193 |title=Babe: The Legend Comes to Life |author=Robert W. Creamer |publisher=Open Road Media |date=2011-06-28|isbn=9781453220658 }} In his only appearance of the series, he singled off Ruth and then was replaced by Bill McCabe after reaching second.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1918/09/10/archives/ruth-helps-red-sox-to-drive-within-one-victory-of-worlds-baseball.html |title=Ruth Helps Red Sox to Drive Within One Victory of World's baseball Title |work=The New York Times |date=1918-09-10}}

After the season, Hendrix went to work at a shipyard in Superior, Wisconsin.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1918/09/22/archives/hendrix-now-pounding-rivets.html |title=Hendrix Now Pounding Rivets |work=The New York Times |date=2020-09-22}} The Secretary of War Newton D. Baker issued a "work-or-fight" order that required baseball players to work in essential industries during World War I for face the draft. Baker allowed the baseball season to continue until September, after which, players like Hendrix had to begin working toward the war effort.{{cite web |url=https://baseballhall.org/discover-more/stories/short-stops/1918-world-war-i-baseball |title=On Account of War |publisher=Baseball Hall of Fame |author=Matt Kelly |accessdate=2020-06-20}}

Toward the end of the 1920 season, Hendrix, who had a record of 9-12 with a 3.58 ERA, was scheduled to start on August 31 against the Philadelphia Phillies, who were in last place. The Cubs were informed that money had been bet heavily against the Cubs in that game. The Cubs replaced Hendrix with Grover Cleveland Alexander who lost 3-0. With a grand jury investigating the Black Sox scandal in the 1919 World Series, the media paid great attention to rumors of potential game fixing. The Kansas City Times reported that $10,000 had been wagered on Philadelphia in the game. Immediately after the grand jury indicted the Black Sox, The New York Times reported that American League president Ban Johnson had obtained evidence against Hendrix regarding the Philadelphia game. A Kansas City sportswriter, Otto Floto, learned of a telegram sent to a local gambler named H. A. "Frock" Thompson (which was misprinted as "Frog" by The New York Times) saying "Bet $5,000 on opposition" and claimed to recall that Hendrix had sent the telegram.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/10/30/archives/thirteen-indicted-in-baseball-fixing-chicago-grand-jury-holds-them.html |title=Thirteen Indicted in Baseball Fixing |work=The New York Times |date=1920-10-30}}{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zsys6u3U5UsC |title=The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture, 2001 |publisher=McFarland Incorporated |editor1=Alvin L. Hall |editor2=William M. Simons |year=2002|isbn=9780786413577 }} Hendrix did not testify before the grand jury, but told reporters that he had never met Thompson and Thompson stated that he did not know Hendrix.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZUtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA109 |title=Burying the Black Sox: How Baseball's Cover-Up of the 1919 World Series Fix Almost Succeeded |author=Gene Carney |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |date=2007-06-01|isbn=9781597971089 }}

On February 7, 1921, Hendrix received his release from the Cubs.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1921/02/08/archives/cubs-release-hendrix-spitball-pitcher-let-out-unconditionallyspeed.html? |title=Cubs Release Hendrix |work=The New York Times |date=1921-02-08}} The next day, Hendrix told reporters that he would no longer pitch in the majors, but would continue his career in semi-pro baseball back in the Midwest.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1921/02/09/archives/hendrix-to-pitch-semipro-ball.html |title=Hendrix to Pitch Semi-Pro Ball |work=The New York Times |date=1921-02-09}} Cubs owner Bill Veeck stated that Hendrix's release had nothing to do with the allegations but was moving away from older veterans. Later articles did indicate that Hendrix was forced out. Hendrix himself said that he had already planned to leave the Cubs after the 1920 season as he had a good job as a car salesman. later, Hendrix and his father purchased the Liberty Theater in Kansas City.

He continued to work in Kansas City until 1923 when his wife Mabel died. The following year, he moved to Pennsylvania, playing baseball in Emmaus. In 1924, Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis communicated that Hendrix was free to play baseball after fans of other teams called him an "outlaw". He played for the Allentown Dukes with other former major leaguers.

Hendrix died on March 22, 1944, in Allentown, Pennsylvania, at the age of 54.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1944/03/23/archives/clau0ea-_edix-star-hurler-of-national-league-in-1912-when-with.html |title=Claude Ray Hendrix |work=The New York Times |date=1944-03-23}}