Claude Lucien Bergery

The son of an innkeeper, Bergery was born in Orléans.{{cite book|title=La littérature française contemporaine: Chr-Fuz. 1827-1844, par Ch. Louandre et Félix Bourquelot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQxVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA316|year=1842|publisher=Daguin|pages=316–9|language=fr}} He was a student at the École Polytechnique which he entered in 1806,{{cite book|author=M. Hachette (Jean Nicolas Pierre)|title=Correspondance sur l'École impériale Polytechnique: Avril 1804-janvier 1816|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=thk_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA265|year=1808|publisher=Bernard|page=265}}{{cite book|author1=Anders Lundgren|author2=Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent|title=Communicating Chemistry: Textbooks and Their Audiences, 1789-1939|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Wki6iUlkvUC&pg=PA457|year=2000|publisher=Science History Publications/USA|isbn=978-0-88135-274-0|page=457}} He became an artillery captain, serving in Spain, and was decorated by Napoleon I during the Hundred Days. Demobilised, he taught applied science at the École royale de l'artillerie in Metz from 1817, then transferred to teacher training in the same city.{{cite book|author=Ambroise Fourcy|title=Histoire de l'École polytechnique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aEEBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA425|year=1828|publisher=Chez l'Auteur|page=425}}{{cite book|author=Collectif|title=Melanges D'histoire Sociale Offerts a Jean Maitron|year=1976|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNnMh0HK7AoC&pg=PA177|publisher=Editions de l'Atelier|page=177|id=GGKEY:QQULHJ6NABA|language=fr}}

Bergery believed the study of applied geometry was improving.{{cite book|author=J. L. Heilbron|title=Geometry Civilized: History, Culture, and Technique|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zoH1KaBi7AC&pg=PA297|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-850690-4|pages=297–8}} With Jean-Victor Poncelet, he created free courses for workers and artisans, in response to a call from Charles Dupin.{{cite book|author=Margaret Bradley|title=Charles Dupin (1784-1873) and His Influence on France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nw1tZhHoFfkC&pg=PT283|publisher=Cambria Press|isbn=978-1-62196-814-6|pages=283–4}}{{cite book|author1=Thierry Pillon|author2=François Vatin|title=Traité de sociologie du travail|page=399|year=2003|publisher=Octarès|language=fr}} Courses were given in 1826 by Bergery, Poncelet, Libre-Irmond Bardin and Jean-Louis Woisard, all past polytechniciens.{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924055817377#page/n285/mode/2up|title=Report on the social economy section of the Universal International Exhibition of 1889 at Paris|last=Helbronner|first=Jules|year=1890|work=Internet Archive|publisher=B. Chamberlin|page=197|accessdate=5 June 2015|location=Ottawa}}

In the aftermath of the July Revolution of 1830 Bergery had a chance to move to Paris. He had supporters who wished to keep out Adolphe Blanqui, who became successor to Jean-Baptiste Say at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers; and he might have combined that position with the artillery professorship at Vincennes. In the event, he preferred to stay in Metz.{{cite book|author=François Vatin|title=Morale industrielle et calcul économique dans le premier XIXe siècle: Claude-Lucien Bergery, 1787-1863|pages=26–7|year=2007|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=978-2-296-03105-0}} He was elected a corresponding member of the moral section of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques on 25 January 1834.

Bergery was one of the founders in 1834 of La Gerbe de la Moselle, a monthly periodical to which he contributed.{{cite book|author1=Joseph-Marie Quérard|author2=Charles-Léopold Louandre|author3=Félix Bourquelot|author4=Alfred Maury|title=La littérature française contemporaine|url=https://archive.org/details/lalittraturefra12maurgoog|year=1842|publisher=Daguin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lalittraturefra12maurgoog/page/n222 317]–8}} It ran to 1839, and Bergery became the major contributor. From 1840 it was succeeded by L'instituteur de la Moselle, which became in 1842 Le Messager de la Moselle. Bergery was on its editorial committee.{{cite book|author=François Vatin|title=Morale industrielle et calcul économique dans le premier XIXe siècle: Claude-Lucien Bergery, 1787-1863|pages=372–3|year=2007|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=978-2-296-03105-0}} The Gerbe proved divisive in Metz, in particular with Bergery's line as moralist and social critic.{{cite book|author=François Vatin|title=Morale industrielle et calcul économique dans le premier XIXe siècle: Claude-Lucien Bergery, 1787-1863|pages=29–30|year=2007|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=978-2-296-03105-0}}

In 1835 Bergery quarrelled seriously with Poncelet and François Théodore Gosselin, who accused him of plagiarism; and his position in Metz was undermined.{{cite book|author=François Vatin|title=Morale industrielle et calcul économique dans le premier XIXe siècle: Claude-Lucien Bergery, 1787-1863|pages=33–5|year=2007|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=978-2-296-03105-0}} He became the mayor of Tincry in 1848, where he opened a primary school for girls in 1857. He was made an Officer of the Legion of Honour in 1847 when he retired. He died at Tincry.{{cite book|author=François Vatin|title=Morale industrielle et calcul économique dans le premier XIXe siècle: Claude-Lucien Bergery, 1787-1863|pages=46–8|year=2007|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=978-2-296-03105-0}}

Bergery's thought drew heavily on the thought of Dupin, Say and Gérard-Joseph Christian, who was director of the Conservatoire. He was influenced particularly by the Cours complet d'économie politique pratique of Say.{{cite book|author=François Vatin|title=Morale industrielle et calcul économique dans le premier XIXe siècle: Claude-Lucien Bergery, 1787-1863|pages=130 note 365 and 279|year=2007|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=978-2-296-03105-0}} He wrote:

• Géométrie des courbes appliquée à l'industrie (1825), based on public lectures.{{cite book|author1=Joe Albree |author2=David C. Arney |author3=V. Frederick Rickey |title=A Station Favorable to the Pursuits of Science: Primary Materials in the History of Mathematics at the United States Military Academy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UmuzlJ0M1lkC&pg=PA54|publisher=American Mathematical Soc.|isbn=978-0-8218-9048-6|page=54}}
• Economie industrielle, ou, Science de l'industrie (1829–31). This work was in three volumes, the first (1829, 2nd edition 1833){{cite book|author=Gilbert Faccarello|title=Studies in the History of French Political Economy: From Bodin to Walras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6itbBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA314|date=11 September 2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-85768-5|page=314}} being Economie de l'ouvrier, the second and third Economie du fabricant. Where the first volume included advice for lifestyle of a worker, the others were a management manual, the whole being connected by the idea that a frugal worker could, with temperance and restraint, accumulate capital.{{cite book|author1=Thierry Pillon|author2=François Vatin|title=Traité de sociologie du travail|page=164 with note 272|year=2003|publisher=Octarès|language=fr}} Volume 1 gained Bergery a Prix Montyon.{{cite book|title=Journal des économistes: revue de l'économie politique, des questions agricoles, manufacturières et commerciales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8D_lzbxYpFsC&pg=PA467|year=1864|publisher=Journal des économistes|page=467}} This was an early course covering industrial management as a whole. It appeared at the same time as work of Charles Babbage in the same area. Bergery paid more attention to the issue of recruitment,{{cite book|author=Gilbert Faccarello|title=Studies in the History of French Political Economy: From Bodin to Walras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6itbBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA303|date=11 September 2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-85768-5|pages=303–4}} and tried to quantify the cost of Monday absenteeism.{{cite book|author1=Ira Katznelson|author2=Aristide R. Zolberg|title=Working-class Formation: Nineteenth-century Patterns in Western Europe and the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ekiv3yW5C4C&pg=PA73|year=1986|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-10207-4|page=73}}
• Théorie des affuts et des voitures d'artillerie (1840) with Jean-Charles Migout. This work on gun carriages was based on a course given at Metz in the later 1820s by Bergery and two colleagues (the obscure Migout and Jean-Louis Woisard, 1798–1828), at the request of the War Ministry.{{cite book|author=François Vatin|title=Morale industrielle et calcul économique dans le premier XIXe siècle: Claude-Lucien Bergery, 1787-1863|page=18 and p.37 note 92|year=2007|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=978-2-296-03105-0}} The second edition advocated for interchangeable parts.{{cite book|author=Jacques Guillerme|title=L'art du projet: histoire, technique, architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kODxQx3FpbEC&pg=PA310|year=2008|publisher=Editions Mardaga|isbn=978-2-87009-986-5|page=310}} The authors wrote also a Cours des Machines (1842) for artillery officers.{{cite book|author1=United States Military Academy. Library|author2=André Freis|author3=Oliver Otis Howard|title=Supplement to the catalogue ...: containing the additions from the first of January, 1853, to the first of October, 1859|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mqY_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA49|year=1860|publisher=Printed by G.W. Wood|page=49}}

Arithmétique appliquée aux spéculations commerciales et industrielles (1830){{cite book|author=Jean-Louis Woisard|title=Arithmétique appliquée aux spéculations commerciales et industrielles, par J.-L. Woisard,... 2e édition, revue et augmentée des proportions, des progressions, de l'extraction des racines et de notions élémentaires d'algèbre, par C.-L. Bergery,...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-jYpQwAACAAJ|year=1830|publisher=Mme Thiel}} was the second edition by Bergery of a book by the late Woisard. Bergery also wrote textbooks and elementary works on elementary geometry, chemistry and other topics.{{cite book|title=First Proofs of the Universal Catalogue of Books on Art, Comp. for Use of the National Art Library and the Schools of Art in the United Kingdom|url=https://archive.org/details/firstproofsofuni01vict|year=1870|publisher=Chapman and Hall|page=[https://archive.org/details/firstproofsofuni01vict/page/96 96]}} In 1837 Complements to his arithmetic text addressed the teaching of probability, in the context of gambling and economics, then an innovative idea.{{cite book|author=François Vatin|title=Morale industrielle et calcul économique dans le premier XIXe siècle: Claude-Lucien Bergery, 1787-1863|pages=323–4|year=2007|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=978-2-296-03105-0}}

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Category:1787 births

Category:1863 deaths

Category:French economists

Category:19th-century French social scientists

Category:French business theorists

Category:Writers from Orléans