Cleveland Street, Sydney

Cleveland Street commences at its intersection with City Road in {{NSWcity|Chippendale}} and heads in an easterly direction as a four-lane, single carriageway road through {{NSWcity|Darlington}}, over the railway lines between Central and Redfern stations and east through Surry Hills, crossing the Eastern Distributor and South Darling Street, to eventually terminate at the intersection with Anzac Parade and Lang Road, {{NSWcity|Moore Park}}.

Governor Macquarie granted a substantial parcel of land in the Surry Hills and Redfern area to Charles Smith in 1809, who established Cleveland Gardens, as either a market garden or nursery in the area.{{cite book|last=Annable|first=Rosemary|date=1991|title=Cleaveland House; An Archaeological Assessment|page=12}}{{cite book|last=Lawrence|first=Joan|date=2011|title=Cleveland House, Surry Hills, Sydney (a history)}} Daniel Cooper purchased approximately {{convert|12|acre|ha|0|spell=on|order=flip}} from Smith and built the heritage-listed Cleveland House in the early 1820s. The decision in 1850 to build Redfern terminus brought industry to the area and resulted in the subdivision of many of the gentlemen's estates in the neighbouring suburb of Surry Hills.{{cite NSW SHR|5045140|Cleveland House|hr=00065|fn=10/03255 - S90/02795 - HC32015|accessdate=13 October 2018}}

Prior to the 1840s, maps marked Cleveland Street, from Chippendale to Moore Park, as the unsurveyed 'Government Road'.{{cite web |url=https://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/-/media/corporate/files/publications/history/history-of-sydney-streets/history-of-sydney-streets.xls?download=true |title=Sydney's Streets: A guide to Sydney street names |publisher=City of Sydney |date=n.d. |access-date=23 March 2023 |format=Downloadable Excel }}

The passing of the Main Roads Act of 1924[http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/num_act/mra1924n24133/ State of New South Wales, An Act to provide for the better construction, maintenance, and financing of main roads; to provide for developmental roads; to constitute a Main Roads Board] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811000905/http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/num_act/mra1924n24133/ |date=11 August 2022 }} 10 November 1924 through the Parliament of New South Wales provided for the declaration of Main Roads, roads partially funded by the State government through the Main Roads Board (MRB). With the subsequent passing of the Main Roads (Amendment) Act of 1929[https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/pdf/asmade/act-1929-15 State of New South Wales, An Act to amend the Main Roads Act, 1924-1927; to confer certain further powers upon the MRB; to amend the Local Government Act, 1919, and certain other Acts; to validate certain payments and other matters; and for purposes connected therewith.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812065622/https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/pdf/asmade/act-1929-15 |date=12 August 2022 }} 8 April 1929 to provide for additional declarations of State Highways and Trunk Roads, the Department of Main Roads (having succeeded the MRB in 1932) declared Main Road 330 from the intersection with City Road to the intersection with Dowling Street (today South Dowling Street) in Surry Hills on 21 February 1933, and extended east to the intersection with Anzac Parade on 2 December 1964.{{cite news |title=Main Roads Act, 1924-1963 |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/220345461 |work=Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales |issue=137 |publisher=National Library of Australia |date=4 December 1964 |pages=3910 |access-date=21 June 2023 |archive-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515085641/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/220345461 |url-status=live }}

The passing of the Roads Act of 1993[https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-1993-033 State of New South Wales, An Act to make provision with respect to the roads of New South Wales; to repeal the State Roads Act 1986, the Crown and Other Roads Act 1990 and certain other enactments; and for other purposes.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811000905/http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/num_act/mra1924n24133/ |date=11 August 2022 }} 10 November 1924 updated road classifications and the way they could be declared within New South Wales. Under this act, Cleveland Street retains its declaration as Main Road 330.{{cite web |url=https://roads-waterways.transport.nsw.gov.au/business-industry/partners-suppliers/lgr/documents/classified-roads-schedule.pdf |title=Schedule of Classified Roads and Unclassified Regional Roads |author=Transport for NSW |date=August 2022 |publisher=Government of New South Wales |access-date=1 August 2022 |archive-date=25 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825104657/https://roads-waterways.transport.nsw.gov.au/business-industry/partners-suppliers/lgr/documents/classified-roads-schedule.pdf |url-status=dead }}

The route was part of Sydney's first Ring Roads, and was allocated Ring Road 1 between Abercrombie Street and South Dowling Street in 1964; this was replaced by State Route 11 in 1974, and then Metroad 4 in 1992. Metroad 4 was later re-aligned along City West Link on its completion in 2000; Cleveland Street has remained without an allocation since.

In 1851, some land was reserved in the "Cleveland Paddocks" for a school to be established.{{cite web | title=CSIEHS Website-History | url=http://www.clevelandi-h.schools.nsw.edu.au/historyd.html | accessdate=22 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031217014745/http://www.clevelandi-h.schools.nsw.edu.au/historyd.html | archive-date=17 December 2003 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }} Located on the corner of Cleveland and Chalmers streets, the Cleveland Street Public School was established in prefabricated iron buildings in 1856, as a model school. New sandstone Gothic buildings were constructed in 1867-68, which remain, along with later buildings on the site. The school became an intermediate school in 1913 and later a high school.{{cite web |url=https://dictionaryofsydney.org/organisation/cleveland_street_public_school |title=

Cleveland Street Public School |work=Dictionary of Sydney |publisher=State Library of New South Wales |date=2021 |access-date=23 March 2023 }} In 1977 the site was repurposed as an intensive English language tuition centre for migrant students. In 2001 the Cleveland Street site became a dedicated high school for intensive English tuition and was named the Cleveland Street Intensive English High School.{{cite web | title=CSIEHS Website-History-Memorabilia | url=http://www.clevelandi-h.schools.nsw.edu.au/memoriesd.html | accessdate=22 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222142213/http://www.clevelandi-h.schools.nsw.edu.au/memoriesd.html | archive-date=22 February 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }} A $110-million redevelopment of the site was completed in late 2020 and the Inner Sydney High School was opened in 2021 to accommodate 1,200 students in a 14-storey vertical high school building.{{cite web |url=https://northrop.com.au/project/inner-sydney-high-school-cleveland-and-chalmers-street-surry |title=Inner Sydney High School – Cleveland and Chalmers Street, Surry Hills |work= |publisher=Northrop Engineering |date=2022 |access-date=23 March 2023}}

Towards the eastern terminus of Cleveland Street, in Moore Park, Sydney Girls High School and Sydney Boys High School are co-located on adjacent sites.Proctor, H, Sriprakash, A., "[https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/selective-schools-long-and-tangled-history-with-race-and-class-20170329-gv8m08.html Selective schools' long and tangled history with race and class]", Sydney Morning Herald, 29 March 2017

Until 1958, electric trams ran down the length of Cleveland Street, when they were replaced by motor buses.{{cite book |author=Keenan, D. |title=Tramways of Sydney |publisher=Transit Press |year=1979 |page= }} The area between Crown and Bourke Streets is home to several pubs and an increasing number of restaurants.

Traffic volumes vary, depending on the segment of Cleveland Street. Near Prince Alfred Park the average traffic movements in 2016 for both east and west-bound vehicles was 17,500. Further east, between South Dowling Street and Anzac Parade, 2016 average traffic volumes peaked at 20,000 vehicles west-bound.{{cite web |url=http://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/about/corporate-publications/statistics/traffic-volumes/aadt-map/index.html#/?z=16&q=Cleveland%20Street,%20Surry%20Hills,%20New%20South%20Wales,%20Australia&tb=0&ix=0&id=02038&di=1 |title=Cleveland Street: 02038 |work=Traffic volume viewer |publisher=Roads & Maritime Services |date=2016 |access-date=3 October 2016 }}

Cleveland Street is entirely contained within the City of Sydney local government area.

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Image:Seymour Centre.JPG|Seymour Centre, Cleveland Street, Chippendale

Image:Cathedral of the Annunciation of Our Lady.jpg|Cathedral of the Annunciation of Our Lady, Cleveland Street, Surry Hills

Image: Surry_Hills_Cinema.JPG|Former Art Deco cinema in Cleveland Street, Redfern

Image:Surry Hills Norfolk Hotel.JPG|Norfolk Hotel, Cleveland Street, Redfern

Image:Strawberry Hills 2.JPG| Alfred Park Hotel, Cleveland Street, Redfern

Image:Strawberry Hills 1.JPG| Australia Post New South Wales head office, Cleveland Street, Redfern

File:Cleveland st boys high sydney.jpg|Facade of Inner Sydney High School, formerly the Central Sydney Intensive English High School, and originally the Cleveland Street Model School, Cleveland Street, Surry Hills

Image:Surry Hills The Kirk.JPG|The Kirk, Cleveland Street, Surry Hills

Image:Surry Hills Shopping Village.JPG|Former facade of the Surry Hills Shopping Village, Cleveland Street, Redfern

Image:Surry Hills Bar Cleveland.JPG|Bar Cleveland, Cleveland Street, Redfern

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{{Streets of Sydney Australia}}

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Category:Streets in Sydney

Category:Surry Hills, New South Wales

Category:Chippendale, New South Wales

Category:Darlington, New South Wales

Category:Redfern, New South Wales

Category:Moore Park, New South Wales