Climate Change Commission

{{Infobox government agency

| agency_name = Climate Change Commission

| nativename = He Pou a Rangi

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| formed = 2019

| preceding1 = Interim Climate Change Committee

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| jurisdiction = New Zealand

| headquarters = Wellington

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| chief1_name = Dr Rod Carr

| chief1_position = Chairperson

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| website = {{URL|https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/}}

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The Climate Change Commission ({{langx|mi|He Pou a Rangi}}) is an independent Crown entity that advises the New Zealand Government on climate change policy and monitors the government's progress towards New Zealand's emission reduction goals within the framework of the Climate Change Response (Zero Carbon) Amendment Act . The Commission was established as the successor to the Interim Climate Change Committee following the passage of the Zero Carbon Act in November 2019.{{cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/who-we-are/our-story/ |publisher=Climate Change Commission |access-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127073526/https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/who-we-are/our-story/ |archive-date=27 January 2021 |url-status=live}}

Mandates and functions

The Climate Change Commission advises the New Zealand Government on policy to reduce carbon emissions in line with New Zealand's 2050 emission reduction and adaption goals. It also monitors and reports on government progress against the 2050 target (via emissions budgets and emission reduction plans), the adaptation plan and primary sector commitments.{{cite web |title=Our Work |url= https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/our-work/ |publisher=Climate Change Commission |access-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127073459/https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/our-work/ |archive-date=27 January 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=Monitoring |url=https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/our-work/monitoring/ |publisher=Climate Change Commission |access-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127073602/https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/our-work/monitoring/ |archive-date=27 January 2021 |url-status=live}}

Specific policy the commission provides advice on includes the emissions budgets, emission reduction plan, Emissions Trading Scheme settings and changes to the 2050 target.{{Cite web |title=Advice to Government |url=https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=www.climatecommission.govt.nz |language=en-nz}} The Climate Change Minister may also request the commission to provide advice on other matters.{{Cite web |title=Climate Change Response (Zero Carbon) Amendment Act 2019 No 61, Public Act 8 New Parts 1A to 1C inserted – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0061/latest/LMS183848.html#LMS183788 |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=www.legislation.govt.nz}} When providing advice, the commission by law must consider currently available scientific knowledge, existing and anticipated technology, economic impacts, the circumstances (social, cultural, environmental and ecological), distributional impacts, the crown-Māori relationship, te ao Māori and responses by other parties to the Paris Agreement.

Leadership

Since its inception, the Climate Change Commission has been chaired by Rod Carr, a former chair and non-executive director of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand and a former vice-chancellor of the University of Canterbury. In December 2024 Climate Change Minister Simon Watts announced that from February 2025 Carr would be replaced by former Governor General Patsy Reddy.{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=The National |date=2024-12-08 |title=New Climate Change Commission Chair appointed |url=https://www.nationaltribune.com.au/new-climate-change-commission-chair-appointed/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=The National Tribune |language=en-AU}} Other members include:{{cite web |title=Our People |url=https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/who-we-are/our-people-2/ |access-date=12 January 2023 |publisher=Climate Change Commission}}{{cite web |title=Appointment of the Climate Change Commission |url= https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2020-go1330 |publisher=New Zealand Gazette |access-date=12 January 2023}}

Lisa Tumahai, deputy chairperson of the Commission, former deputy chairperson of the ICCC, and Ngāi Tahu leader
Dr Harry Clark, an agricultural greenhouse gas expert and former member of the ICCC
Dr Judy Lawrence, former coordinating lead author with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Felicity Underhill, energy specialist (from December 2024)
Devon Maclean, forestry and conservation advisor (from December 2024)
Dr Nicola Shadbolt, chairperson of Plant & Food Research and former director of Fonterra and Transit New Zealand.{{cite web |title=Our People |url=https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/who-we-are/our-people-2/ |publisher=Climate Change Commission |access-date=6 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127073528/https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/who-we-are/our-people-2/ |archive-date=27 January 2021 |url-status=live}}

Former members include James Renwick, climate change scientist and lead author on three IPCC assessment reports, and Catherine Leining, climate change mitigation policy adviser and former civil servant. Renwick and Leining were replaced by Felicity Underhill and Devon Maclean from December.

Jo Hendy is the Climate Change Commission's chief executive. She was previously with the secretariat of the Interim Climate Change Committee (ICCC) and is a former director of research and analysis for the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment.

History

=Formation=

The Climate Change Commission was established as the successor to the Interim Climate Change Committee (ICCC) in November 2019 by the Climate Change Response (Zero Carbon) Amendment Act. The organisation was tasked with developing an evidence-based plan for New Zealand to fulfill its climate change goals within the framework of the Zero Carbon Act.

On 24 April 2020, Climate Change Minister James Shaw asked the Climate Commission Change Commission to review New Zealand's emission reduction target under the Paris Agreement, focusing on New Zealand's methane and carbon commitments.{{cite news |last1=Daalder |first1=Marc |title=Climate Commission to review NZ's Paris target |url= https://www.newsroom.co.nz/climate-commission-to-review-nzs-paris-target |access-date=6 February 2021 |work=Newsroom |date=24 April 2020}}{{cite news |last1=Gibson |first1=Eloise |title=Climate change: New Zealand's Paris pledge up for review |url= https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/121182083/climate-change-new-zealands-paris-target-up-for-review |access-date=6 February 2021 |work=Stuff |date=23 April 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201207001351/https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/121182083/climate-change-new-zealands-paris-target-up-for-review |archive-date=7 December 2020|url-status=live}}

In mid-May 2020, Climate Change Commission Chair Rod Carr criticised the 2020 New Zealand budget as insufficient for fulfilling New Zealand's carbon neutral goals. However, Carr welcomed the budget's commitments towards research, forestry, improving bush and wetlands, tightening the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, rail and home insulation.{{cite news |last1=Gibson |first1=Eloise |title=Budget too weak on climate – Commission |url= https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/300016641/budget-too-weak-on-climate--commission |access-date=6 February 2021 |work=Stuff |date=20 May 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210126102915/https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/300016641/budget-too-weak-on-climate--commission |archive-date=26 January 2021 |url-status=live}}

=First report=

On 31 January 2021, the Climate Change Commission released its draft advice for the first three emission budgets and the first emissions reduction plan.{{Cite web |title=Upcoming advice release, consultation and online events |url=https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=www.climatecommission.govt.nz |language=en-nz}} The report proposed phasing out petrol-powered cars, accelerated renewable energy generation, reducing the number of cows, and growing more native forests to meet New Zealand's carbon neutral goals by 2050. Chairman Carr defended the advice as ambitious but claimed it was realistic and advocated "immediate and decisive" action. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern claimed that the impact of the proposed reforms would not be an economic burden.{{cite news |title=Electric cars, fewer cows in New Zealand's climate change plan |url= https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/01/31/electric-cars-fewer-cows-in-new-zealands-climate-change-plan-.html |access-date=6 February 2021 |work=The Jakarta Post |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=31 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210202191126/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/01/31/electric-cars-fewer-cows-in-new-zealands-climate-change-plan-.html |archive-date=2 February 2021}}{{cite news |title=Climate Change Commission releases first official report |url= https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/435526/climate-change-commission-releases-first-official-report |access-date=6 February 2021 |work=Radio New Zealand |date=31 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210202072148/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/435526/climate-change-commission-releases-first-official-report |archive-date=2 February 2021|url-status=live}}

In response, the Automobile Association's spokesperson Simon Douglas and Z Energy chief executive Mike Bennetts said that more investment was needed to encourage people to use electric vehicles including charging stations and cheaper prices.{{cite news |title=Huge investment in infrastructure needed to meet climate change goal – AA |url= https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/top/435634/huge-investment-in-infrastructure-needed-to-meet-climate-change-goal-aa |access-date=6 February 2021 |work=Radio New Zealand |date=2 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210206083523/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/top/435634/huge-investment-in-infrastructure-needed-to-meet-climate-change-goal-aa |archive-date=6 February 2021|url-status=live}} Gasfitters and plumbers also expressed concern that a proposed ban on new gas installations from 2025 would hurt their economic livelihood and careers.{{cite news |last1=Steeman |first1=Marta |title=Climate change report: Gasfitters fear for their businesses while consumers rethink installations |url= https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/124143363/climate-change-report-gasfitters-fear-for-their-businesses-while-consumers-rethink-installations |access-date=6 February 2021 |work=Stuff |date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204204807/https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/124143363/climate-change-report-gasfitters-fear-for-their-businesses-while-consumers-rethink-installations |archive-date=4 February 2021 |url-status=live}} The coal industry also expressed concerns about the Commission's plan to phase out fossil fuels by 2050.{{cite news |last1=Naish |first1=Joanne |title=New climate change targets put future of West Coast coal mines in limbo |url= https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/124146228/new-climate-change-targets-put-future-of-west-coast-coal-mines-in-limbo |access-date=6 February 2021 |date=5 February 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210206084438/https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/124146228/new-climate-change-targets-put-future-of-west-coast-coal-mines-in-limbo |archive-date=6 February 2021 |url-status=live}}

== Final advice ==

On 9 June 2021, the Climate Commission issued its final advice to the government for the emissions budgets and first emission reduction plan following consultation with the public.{{Cite web |title=Our final advice delivered to Government |url=https://www.climatecommission.govt.nz/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=www.climatecommission.govt.nz |language=en-nz}} The report recommended the reduction of animal numbers at farms, no new household gas connections by 2025, and shifting to electric vehicles within the next decade in order to reduce greenhouse emissions. Prime Minister Ardern and Climate Change Minister James Shaw endorsed the Climate Commission's report.{{cite news |last1=McClure |first1=Tess |title=Ardern says climate crisis is 'life or death' as New Zealand landmark report calls for sweeping changes |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/09/jacinda-ardern-climate-crisis-life-or-death-landmark-report-new-zealand-electric-cars-farms |access-date=14 June 2021 |work=The Guardian |date=9 June 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210611000853/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/09/jacinda-ardern-climate-crisis-life-or-death-landmark-report-new-zealand-electric-cars-farms |archive-date=11 June 2021|url-status=live}} On 14 June, the Government announced that it would introduce subsidies to make electric cars cheaper while raising the price of new petrol and new diesel vehicles. Beginning in July 2021, subsidies for new electric and hybrid vehicles will be up to NZ$8,625 (£4,360) and NZ$3,450 (£1,744) for used cars.{{cite news |last1=McClure |first1=Tess |title=New Zealand unveils $8,600 subsidy for electric vehicles to reduce emissions |url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/14/new-zealand-unveils-8600-subsidy-for-electric-vehicles-to-reduce-emissions |access-date=14 June 2021 |work=The Guardian |date=14 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210614224431/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/14/new-zealand-unveils-8600-subsidy-for-electric-vehicles-to-reduce-emissions |archive-date=14 June 2021 |url-status=live}}

In response to the policy announcement, EV City owner David Boot said that it would boost demand for electric cars while expressing concern about the need for educating electric car users. Motor Trade Association chief executive Craig Pomare claimed that the rebate would not be enough to encourage motor users to make the switch to electric cars, while Federated Farmers national president Andrew Hoggard expressed concerns about the lack of electric vehicle alternatives for farmers and tradespersons, advocating a waiver for farmers.{{cite news |last1=Cardwell |first1=Hamish |title=EV rebate scheme falls short on driving switch to electric – MTA |url= https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/444665/ev-rebate-scheme-falls-short-on-driving-switch-to-electric-mta |access-date=14 June 2021 |work=Radio New Zealand |date=14 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210614224819/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/444665/ev-rebate-scheme-falls-short-on-driving-switch-to-electric-mta |archive-date=14 June 2021|url-status=live}} On 16 July 2021, the farmers advocacy group Groundswell NZ organised a nationwide Howl of a Protest campaign across 57 towns and cities to protest the government's new regulations.{{Cite news |date=16 July 2021 |title='Howl of a Protest' in photos: Tractors take over main streets across NZ |work=Stuff |url= https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/300359312/howl-of-a-protest-in-photos-tractors-take-over-main-streets-across-nz |access-date=17 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210801212241/https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/300359312/howl-of-a-protest-in-photos-tractors-take-over-main-streets-across-nz|archive-date=1 August 2021|url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Ryder |first1=Wyatt |title=Live: 'Fed up' farmers descend on towns and cities |url= https://www.odt.co.nz/rural-life/live-fed-farmers-descend-towns-and-cities |access-date=15 July 2021 |work=Otago Daily Times |date=16 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210715230923/https://www.odt.co.nz/rural-life/live-fed-farmers-descend-towns-and-citie |archive-date=15 July 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Fyfe |first1=Jamie |title=Rural Live updates: Farmers take to their tractors in nationwide Groundswell protest |url= https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2021/07/live-updates-farmers-take-to-their-tractors-in-nationwide-protest.html |access-date=15 July 2021 |work=Newshub |date=16 July 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210716105804/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2021/07/live-updates-farmers-take-to-their-tractors-in-nationwide-protest.html |archive-date=16 July 2021|url-status=dead}}

=Carbon credits=

On 12 March 2024, the Climate Change Commission recommended that the New Zealand Government reduce the number of carbon credits for polluters to buy following four failed auctions in 2023. {{cite news |last1=Gibson |first1=Eloise |title=Climate Change Commission urges govt to cut carbon credit surplus |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/511479/climate-change-commission-urges-govt-to-cut-carbon-credit-surplus |access-date=14 March 2024 |work=Radio New Zealand |date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312020425/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/511479/climate-change-commission-urges-govt-to-cut-carbon-credit-surplus |archive-date=12 March 2024|url-status=live}}