Cliviinae
{{Short description|Subtribe of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Clivia Nobilis.TIF
|image_caption = Clivia nobilis
|taxon = Cliviinae
|authority = D. & U. M.-D.{{sfn|Meerow|Clayton|2004}}
|synonyms_ref =
|synonyms= Clivieae Traub
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision =
|type_genus = Clivia
|type_genus_authority = Lindl.
}}
Cliviinae is a small subtribe of Haemantheae, and therefore within the African clades of Amaryllidoideae. It consists of two genera, Clivia, and Cryptostephanus.
Description
File:Cryptostephanus vansonii2.jpg in Zimbabwe]]
Bulbless rhizomatous perennial plants. Clivia has showy orange or yellow flowers, while Cryptostephanus has smaller flowers with a paraperigone that had them erroneously classified with Narcissus in the past. it is also the only Haemantheae genus with a phytomelanous seed testa.{{sfn|Meerow|Clayton|2004}}
Taxonomy
For the early taxonomic history of these two genera, see Meerow and Clayton (2004).{{sfn|Meerow|Clayton|2004}} (Traub described this grouping as tribe Clivieae in his 1963 monograph on the Amaryllidaceae, based on the type genus Clivia. .{{sfn|Traub|1963}} Subsequently, the Müller-Doblies' reduced it to a subtribe and placed it within the Haemantheae.{{sfn|Müller-Doblies|Müller-Doblies|1996}} Later molecular phylogenetic research has confirmed this placement, with Cliviinae being one of three subtribes of Haemantheae.{{sfn|Meerow|Clayton|2004}}
= Phylogeny =
The Cliviinae are placed within the Haemantheae as follows:
{{clade
| label1= Tribe Haemantheae
| 1= {{clade
| 1= Subtribe Cliviinae
| 2= {{clade
| 1= Subtribe Haemanthinae
| 2= Subtribe Gethyllidinae
}}
}}
}}
= Subdivision =
- Clivia (5 species)
- Cryptostephanus (2 species)
Distribution and habitat
Clivia is found in summer rainfall regions, as herbaceous understory plants of coastal and Afro-montane forest, while Cryptostephanus are plants of savanna or forest habitats.{{sfn|Meerow|Clayton|2004}}
Ecology
Butterfly and sunbird pollination.{{sfn|Meerow|Clayton|2004}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin|30em}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Meerow|first1=Alan W.|last2=Clayton|first2=Jason R.|authorlink1=Alan Meerow|title=Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|date=1 February 2004|volume=244|issue=3–4|pages=141–155|doi=10.1007/s00606-003-0085-z|bibcode=2004PSyEv.244..141M |s2cid=10245220|url=https://naldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=2422&content=PDF|url-access=subscription}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
- {{cite journal|last1=Meerow|first1=Alan W.|last2=Snijman|first2=Deirdre A.|authorlink1=Alan Meerow|title=The never-ending story: multigene approaches to the phylogeny of Amaryllidaceae|journal=Aliso|date=2006|volume=22|pages=355–366|doi=10.5642/aliso.20062201.29|url=http://naldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=2425&content=PDF|access-date=25 January 2015|doi-access=free}}
- {{cite web|last1=Vigneron|first1=Pascal|title=Amaryllidaceae|url=http://www.amaryllidaceae.org//index.htm|website=Amaryllidaceae.org|access-date=23 October 2014|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104114211/http://www.amaryllidaceae.org/index.htm|archive-date=4 January 2015|url-status=dead}}
- {{cite web|title=Amaryllidaceae: A taxonomic tool for the Amaryllidaceae of the world|url=http://amaryllidaceae.e-monocot.org/|publisher=eMonocot|ref={{harvid|eMonocot|2016}}|access-date=2016-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304161517/http://amaryllidaceae.e-monocot.org/|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}
- {{cite book|last1=Traub|first1=H.P.|author-link=Hamilton Traub|title=Genera of the Amaryllidaceae|series=Genera of organisms |url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015006929270;view=1up;seq=3|date=1963|publisher=American Plant Life Society|location=La Jolla, California}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Müller-Doblies|first1=U.|last2=Müller-Doblies|first2=D.|authorlink2=Dietrich Müller-Doblies|authorlink1=Ute Müller-Doblies|title=Tribes and subtribes and some species combinations in Amaryllidaceae J St Hil R Dahlgren & al. 1985|journal=Feddes Repertorium|date=1996|volume=107|issue=5–6|pages=S.c.1–S.c.9}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Spies|first1=P.|last2=Grobler|first2=J.P.|last3=Spies|first3=J.J.|title=A review of phylogenetic relationships in the genus Clivia|journal=Philos. Trans. Genet.|date=2011|volume=1|pages=168–207|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256716776}}
- {{cite book|last1=Conrad|first1=Ferozah|title=Molecular Systematics, Biogeography and Dating of the tribe Haemantheae (Amaryllidaceae) and the Phylogeography of Clivia|date=February 2008|publisher=Department of Botany, University of Cape Town|url=http://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/6243/thesis_sci_2008_conrad_f.pdf?sequence=1|format=PhD Thesis}}
- {{cite book|last1=Spies|first1=Paula|title=A comparison of the efficiency of DNA barcoding regions in a small and a large genus|date=December 2013|publisher=Department of Genetics, University of the Free State|url=http://scholar.ufs.ac.za:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11660/1906/SpiesP-1.pdf?sequence=1|format=PhD Thesis}}
{{refend}}