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Cloud Computing Manifesto

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}

The Cloud Computing Manifesto is a manifesto containing a "public declaration of principles and intentions" for cloud computing providers and vendors,{{cite web |url=http://wiki.cloudcommunity.org/wiki/Cloud_Computing_Manifesto |title=Cloud Computing Manifesto |publisher=Wiki.cloudcommunity.org |accessdate=8 January 2012 |archive-date=22 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222064405/http://wiki.cloudcommunity.org/wiki/Cloud_Computing_Manifesto |url-status=dead }} annotated as "a call to action for the worldwide cloud community" and "dedicated belief that the cloud should be open".{{cite web|url=https://groups.google.com/group/opencloud |title=Open Cloud Manifesto Google Group |accessdate=8 January 2012}} It follows the earlier development of the Cloud Computing Bill of Rights which addresses similar issues from the users' point of view.{{cite web |url=http://wiki.cloudcommunity.org/wiki/Cloud_Computing_Bill_of_Rights |title=Cloud Computing Bill of Rights |publisher=Wiki.cloudcommunity.org |accessdate=8 January 2012 |archive-date=10 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210014547/http://wiki.cloudcommunity.org/wiki/Cloud_Computing_Bill_of_Rights |url-status=dead }}

The document was developed "by way of an open community consensus process" in response to a request by Microsoft that "any 'manifesto' should be created, from its inception, through an open mechanism like a Wiki, for public debate and comment, all available through a Creative Commons license".{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/stevemar/archive/2009/03/26/moving-toward-an-open-process-on-cloud-computing-interoperability.aspx |title=Moving Toward an Open Process on Cloud Computing Interoperability |publisher=Blogs.msdn.com |date=25 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012}} Accordingly, it is hosted on a MediaWiki wiki and licensed under the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ CC-BY-SA 3.0] license.

The original, controversial version of the document called the Open Cloud Manifesto was sharply criticised by Microsoft who "spoke out vehemently against it"{{cite web |url=http://www.cio.com/article/486973/Author_of_cloud_Manifesto_Surprised_By_Microsoft_Protest |title=Author of 'cloud Manifesto' Surprised By Microsoft Protest |publisher=Cio.com |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213925/http://www.cio.com/article/486973/Author_of_cloud_Manifesto_Surprised_By_Microsoft_Protest |url-status=dead }} for being developed in secret by a "shadowy group of IT industry companies",{{cite web|last=McLaughlin |first=Kevin |url=http://www.crn.com/software/216400588 |title=Microsoft Decries Cloud Computing Group's Lack of Transparency |publisher=Crn.com |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012}} raising questions about conflicts of interest{{cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/blog/archives/2009/03/cloaks_daggers.html |title=Microsoft Vs. The Cloud Manifesto |publisher=Informationweek.com |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012}} and resulting in extensive media coverage over the following days.{{cite web |last=Montalbano |first=Elizabeth |url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/09/03/26/Microsoft_criticizes_drafting_of_secret_Cloud_Manifesto_1.html |title=Microsoft criticizes drafting of secret 'Cloud Manifesto' |publisher=Infoworld.com |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328151124/http://www.infoworld.com/article/09/03/26/Microsoft_criticizes_drafting_of_secret_Cloud_Manifesto_1.html |archive-date=28 March 2009 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|last=Fiveash |first=Kelly |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/03/26/microsoft_cloud_manifesto_complaints/ |title=Microsoft loudly disses secret 'Cloud Manifesto' |publisher=Theregister.co.uk |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20090330020608/http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20090327-714442.html Turf War Brewing Among Tech Firms Over Cloud Computing ] A pre-announcement commits to the official publication of this document on 30 March 2009 (in spite of calls to publish it earlier{{cite web |url=http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=15328 |title=Microsoft Decries Cloud Computing Group's Lack of Transparency |publisher=ZDNet |access-date=8 January 2012 |archive-date=4 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104010549/http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=15328 |url-status=dead }}), at which time the identities of the signatories ("several of the largest technology companies and organizations" led by IBM{{cite web |url=https://tech.yahoo.com/news/infoworld/20090327/tc_infoworld/130296 |title=IBM leading 'Open Cloud Manifesto' charge (InfoWorld) |publisher=Tech.yahoo.com |date=20 April 2011 |accessdate=8 January 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} along with OMGhttp://www.eweek.com/c/a/Cloud-Computing/Open-Cloud-Manifesto-Much-Ado-and-To-Do-876838/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}} and believed also to include Cisco, HP, and Sun Microsystems{{Cite web |url=http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2239312/microsoft-disappointed-cloud |title=Microsoft expresses outrage at secret 'Cloud Manifesto' |access-date=27 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328012714/http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2239312/microsoft-disappointed-cloud |archive-date=28 March 2009 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://gigaom.com/2009/03/27/thunder-in-the-cloud-over-openness/ |title=Thunder in the Cloud Over Openness |publisher=Gigaom.com |date=27 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012 |archive-date=1 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101175532/https://gigaom.com/2009/03/27/thunder-in-the-cloud-over-openness/ |url-status=dead }}) is said to be revealed.{{cite web|url=http://www.elasticvapor.com/2009/03/introducing-open-cloud-manifesto.html |title=Introducing the Open Cloud Manifesto |publisher=ElasticVapor |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012}} Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Salesforce.com are among those known to have rejected the document by declining to be signatories.{{cite web|last=Worthen |first=Ben |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2009/03/28/a-cloud-manifesto-controversy/ |title=A Cloud Manifesto Controversy |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=28 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012}}{{cite web |url=http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=15341 |title=Amazon Web Services: No Open Cloud Manifesto for us |publisher=ZDNet |access-date=8 January 2012 |archive-date=16 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116234127/http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=15341 |url-status=dead }} The document was leaked by Geva Perry in a blog post on 27 March 2009{{cite web|url=http://gevaperry.typepad.com/main/2009/03/the-open-cloud-manifesto-much-ado-about-nothing.html |title=The Open Cloud Manifesto: Much Ado About Nothing |publisher=Gevaperry.typepad.com |date=27 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012}} and confirmed to be authentic shortly afterwards.{{cite web|url=http://gevaperry.typepad.com/main/2009/03/the-open-cloud-manifesto-much-ado-about-nothing.html?cid=6a00d8341d262253ef01156e743306970c#comment-6a00d8341d262253ef01156e743306970c |title=The Open Cloud Manifesto: Much Ado About Nothing (Comment) |publisher=Gevaperry.typepad.com |date=27 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012}}

The authors of both public and private documents have agreed to "work to bring together the best points of each effort".{{cite web|url=https://groups.google.com/group/cloudforum/browse_thread/thread/9604fca0dd5cb956 |title=Announcing the Cloud Computing Manifesto |accessdate=8 January 2012}}

Controversy

The Open Cloud Manifesto version, developed in private by a secret consortium{{Cite news|last=Montalbano|first=Elizabeth|date=6 April 2009|title=Microsoft exec blasts 'Open Cloud Manifesto'|work=Computerworld|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2551108/microsoft-exec-blasts--open-cloud-manifesto-.html}} of companies, was prematurely revealed by Microsoft's Senior Director of Developer Platform Product Management, Steve Martin on 26 March 2009. They claim that they were "privately shown a copy of the document, warned that it was a secret, and told that it must be signed 'as is,' without modifications or additional input", a point which is disputed by Reuven Cohen (originally believed to be the document's author).{{cite web |last=Montalbano |first=Elizabeth |url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/09/03/26/Author_of_cloud_manifesto_surprised_by_Microsoft_protest_1.html |title=Author of 'cloud manifesto' surprised by Microsoft protest |publisher=Infoworld.com |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330185134/http://www.infoworld.com/article/09/03/26/Author_of_cloud_manifesto_surprised_by_Microsoft_protest_1.html |archive-date=30 March 2009 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/Microsoft-pokes-hole-cloud-computing/story.aspx?guid={FE589532-894D-44AE-8FB3-14C11DF54892} |title=Microsoft pokes hole in 'cloud' manifesto |publisher=Marketwatch.com |accessdate=8 January 2012}} Some commentators found it ironic that Microsoft should speak out in support of open standards{{cite web |last=Wilcox |first=Joe |url=http://www.microsoft-watch.com/content/web_services_browser/cloud_manifesto_is_microsoft_afraid_of_rain.html |title=Cloud Manifesto: Is Microsoft Afraid of Rain? |publisher=Microsoft-watch.com |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907053037/http://www.microsoft-watch.com/content/web_services_browser/cloud_manifesto_is_microsoft_afraid_of_rain.html |archive-date=7 September 2012 |url-status=dead }} while others felt that their criticism was justified,{{cite web |author=Thursday, 26 March 2009 |url=http://www.techcrunchit.com/2009/03/26/out-of-order-20/ |title=Out of Order 2.0 |publisher=Techcrunchit.com |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012 |archive-date=4 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704094917/http://www.techcrunchit.com/2009/03/26/out-of-order-20/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |author=Geir on 26 March 2009 8:03 am |url=http://blogs.codehaus.org/people/geir/archives/001785_open_cloud_fail.html |title=open cloud FAIL |publisher=Blogs.codehaus.org |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222125939/http://blogs.codehaus.org/people/geir/archives/001785_open_cloud_fail.html |archive-date=22 February 2012 |url-status=dead }} comparing it to the "long, ugly war over WS-I".[http://www.infoworld.com/articles/op/xml/02/07/08/020708opcurve.html Out of Order] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322205402/http://www.infoworld.com/articles/op/xml/02/07/08/020708opcurve.html |date=22 March 2009 }} The call for open cloud standards was later echoed by Brandon Watson, Microsoft's Director of Cloud Services Ecosystem.http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Cloud-Computing/Microsoft-Calls-for-Open-Cloud-Standards-538212/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}{{cite web |url=http://www.manyniches.com/uncategorized/an-open-cloud-requires-an-equally-open-manifesto/ |title=An Open Cloud Requires an Equally Open Manifesto |publisher=Manyniches.com |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=8 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210012925/http://www.manyniches.com/uncategorized/an-open-cloud-requires-an-equally-open-manifesto/ |archive-date=10 December 2009 |url-status=dead }}

Principles

The following principles are defined by the document:

  1. User centric systems enrich the lives of individuals, education, communication, collaboration, business, entertainment and society as a whole; the end user is the primary stakeholder in cloud computing.
  2. Philanthropic initiatives can greatly increase the well-being of mankind; they should be enabled or enhanced by cloud computing where possible.
  3. Openness of standards, systems and software empowers and protects users; existing standards should be adopted where possible for the benefit of all stakeholders.
  4. Transparency fosters trust and accountability; decisions should be open to public collaboration and scrutiny and never be made "behind closed doors".
  5. Interoperability ensures effectiveness of cloud computing as a public resource; systems must be interoperable over a minimal set of community defined standards and vendor lock-in must be avoided.
  6. Representation of all stakeholders is essential; interoperability and standards efforts should not be dominated by vendor(s).
  7. Discrimination against any party for any reason is unacceptable; barriers to entry must be minimised.
  8. Evolution is an ongoing process in an immature market; standards may take some time to develop and coalesce but activities should be coordinated and collaborative.
  9. Balance of commercial and consumer interests is paramount; if in doubt consumer interests prevail.
  10. Security is fundamental, not optional.

See also

References

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External links

  • [http://wiki.cloudcommunity.org/wiki/Cloud_Computing_Manifesto Cloud Computing Manifesto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222064405/http://wiki.cloudcommunity.org/wiki/Cloud_Computing_Manifesto |date=22 December 2022 }} in the Cloud Computing Community wiki
  • [http://gevaperry.typepad.com/Open%20Cloud%20Manifesto%20v1.0.9.pdf Open Cloud Manifesto] leaked document
  • [https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.09123 A Manifesto for Future Generation Cloud Computing: Research Directions for the Next Decade ]

Category:Cloud computing