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Coastal trading vessel

{{Short description|Shallow-hulled ships used for trade between locations on the same island or continent}}

Image:Warnemünde Handelsschiff (01) 2006-09-21.JPG

Coastal trading vessels, also known as coasters or skoots,{{cite journal |last1=Louis |first1=Murray A. |title=Skoots to the Rescue: A Microcosm of the Dunkirk Evacuation, Operation "Dynamo" |journal=The Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America |volume=51 |issue=1 |url=http://www.omsa.org/files/jomsa_arch/Splits/2000/64145_JOMSA_Vol51_1_37.pdf |access-date=1 February 2021}} are shallow-hulled{{cn|date=November 2021}} merchant ships used for transporting cargo along a coastline. Their shallow hulls mean that they can get through reefs where deeper-hulled seagoing ships usually cannot (26-28 feet), but as a result they are not optimized for the large waves found on the open ocean. Coasters can load and unload cargo in shallow ports. For European inland waterways, they are limited to a 33,49 m beam.{{clarify|date=September 2023|reason=Are or were regulated? What does "33,49" mean? 33.49?}}

File:Maritime Commission N3-S-A1.jpg

World War II

File:USS Enceladus AK-80 N3-M-A1 USN 19-N-51234.jpg, August 1943 in original Navy configuration. Note Whirley crane, a part of the original N3-M-A1 design.]]

File:USAPRS Thomas F Farrell Jr.jpg

During World War II there was a demand for coasters to support troops around the world.

Type N3 ship and Type C1 ship were the designations for small cargo ships built for the United States Maritime Commission before and during World War II.[https://web.archive.org/web/20170112180442/https://www.nps.gov/scbl/planyourvisit/upload/Tanker-Scotts-Bluff.pdf National Park Service, Scotts Bluff ]{{cite web |url=http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/merchantships/wwii/ntypeships.htm |title=N-Type Coastal Cargo Ships |author=T. Colton |work=Merchant Ship Construction in U.S. Shipyards |access-date=12 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103073047/http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/merchantships/wwii/ntypeships.htm |archive-date=3 November 2011 }} Both were use for close to shore and short cargo runs.[http://www.aukevisser.nl/t2tanker/t-tankers-2/id221.htm Auke Visser's, T1 Tanker types][http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/20/2064.htm navsource.org USS Klickitat (AOG-64)][http://shipbuildinghistory.com/merchantships/2t1tankers.htm shipbuildinghistory.com, T-1 Tankers] The Government of the United Kingdom used Empire ships type Empire F as merchant ships for coastal shipping. British seamen called these "CHANTs", possibly because they had the same hull form as Channel Tankers (CHANT); initially all the tankers were sold to foreign owners and therefore there was no conflict in nomenclature. The USA and UK both used coastal tankers also.[https://www.marad.dot.gov/shipbuilding-exhibit-coastal-tanker/ marad.dot.gov, Coastal Tankers][https://www.marad.dot.gov/search/cargo/page/4/ marad.dot.gov, Coastal Tanker]{{Cite web |url=https://voa.marad.dot.gov/docs/Library/ship_manager/docs/Group%2017/NDW%20Act%20Specs.pdf |title=marad.dot.gov, Activation specifications for t1 -m-bt2 tanker |access-date=2019-08-06 |archive-date=2019-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806172254/https://voa.marad.dot.gov/docs/Library/ship_manager/docs/Group%252017/NDW%2520Act%2520Specs.pdf |url-status=dead }} UK used Empire coaster tankers and T1 tankers. Many coasters had some armament, such as a 5-inch (127 mm) stern gun, 3-inch (76.2 mm) bow anti-aircraft gun and Oerlikon 20 mm anti-aircraft gun. These were removed after the war.

After the war many of the ships were sold to private companies all around the world.{{cite book |last2=Sawyer |first2=Leonard Arthur |last1=Mitchell |first1=William Harry |year=1990 |title=The Empire Ships |edition=2nd |publisher=Lloyd's of London Press Ltd |place=London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong |isbn=1-85044-275-4 |name-list-style=amp}}{{Cite web |url=http://njscuba.net/artifacts/ship_tanker.php |title=NJ Scuba, Tanker |access-date=2019-08-06 |archive-date=2016-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007005105/http://njscuba.net/artifacts/ship_tanker.php |url-status=dead }}

Shipyards

Major coastal trading vessel shipyards include:[http://www.usmm.org/shipbuild.html USM shipyards, usmm.org]

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category|Coastal motor vessels}}

{{Wiktionary|coaster}}

  • [http://www.histarmar.com.ar/Vapores/BuquesMaritimeComm/08-N3-0.htm Historia y Arqueología Marítima - Los buques cargueros tipo N3 (Spanish, with diagram & photos]
  • [http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/houston.htm The Bay of Pigs Invasion-The sinking of the Houston (photos)]
  • [http://www.shipscribe.com/usnaux/AK/AK80.html (N3-M-A1 variant) Shipscribe: ENCELADUS (AK-80)]
  • [http://www.shipscribe.com/usnaux/BAK/BAK01.html (N3-M-A1 variant) Shipscribe: BAK-1 (S.S. Asa Lothrop)]
  • [http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/ships-mc.html Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945]

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Category:Merchant ships