Cochimí language
{{Short description|Extinct Yuman language of Baja California}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Cochimí
| nativename = {{lang|coj|Laymón}}
| states = Mexico
| region = Baja California
| ethnicity = Cochimí people
| extinct = early 20th century
| familycolor = hokan
| fam1 = Yuman–Cochimí
| iso3 = coj
| linglist = coj
| glotto = coch1272
| glottorefname = Cochimi
| ELP = 3468
| ELPname = Laimón
| notice = IPA
}}
Cochimí was once the language of the greater part Baja California, as attested by Jesuit documents of the 18th century. It seems to have become extinct around the beginning of the 20th century.Golla, Victor. 2011. California Indian Languages, p. 125. University of California Press, Berkeley. (Modern "Cochimi"-speakers are actually speakers of Kumiai.) There were two main dialects, northern and southern; the dividing line was approximately at Misión San Ignacio Kadakaamán, in the north of present-day Baja California Sur.
The Jesuit texts establish that the language was related to the Yuman languages of the Colorado River region. It is thought to be the most divergent language of the family, which is generally called Yuman–Cochimí to reflect this. Based on glottochronology studies, the separation between Cochimi and the Yuman languages is believed to have occurred about 1000 BC.Hill, Jane H. "Toward a Linguistic Prehistory of the Southwest: "Azteco-Tanoan" and the Arrival of Maize Cultivation." ''Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol 58, No. 4 (Winter 2002), p. 458
Cochimí is also known as Laimón, Cadegomeño, Cochimtee, Cochetimi, Cochima, Didiu, Laymonem, Laymon-Cochimi, San Javier, San Xavier, San Joaquín, San Francesco Saverio Mission, San Francisco Xavier de Viggé-Biaundo Mission, Peninsula Yuman, Cadegomeno and Laymon.{{cite web|title=Laimón|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2011|publisher=LINGUIST List|access-date=6 November 2024|url=http://multitree.org/codes/coj|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811110348/http://multitree.org/codes/coj}}
Phonology
The phonology of the Cochimí language is likely{{Clarify|date=July 2024}} as follows:{{Cite book|title=Cochimí and Proto-Yuman: Lexical and Syntactic Evidence for a New Language Family in Lower California|last=Mixco|first=Mauricio J.|publisher=Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.|year=1978|pages=13–19}}
= Consonants =
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Bilabial ! rowspan="2" |Alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Palatal ! colspan="2" |Velar ! rowspan="2" |Glottal |
| plain
!lab. |
|---|
| rowspan="2" |Plosive/ Affricate |{{IPAlink|p}} |{{IPAlink|t}} |{{IPAlink|tʃ}} |{{IPAlink|k}} |{{IPAlink|kʷ}} |{{IPAlink|ʔ}} |
| voiced
|{{IPAlink|b}} |{{IPAlink|d}} | |{{IPAlink|ɡ}} | | |
| colspan="2" |Fricative
| |{{IPAlink|s}} |{{IPAlink|ʃ}}{{efn|could have been{{clarify|date=July 2024}} disputed.}} |{{IPAlink|x}} |{{IPAlink|xʷ}} | |
| colspan="2" |Nasal
|{{IPAlink|m}} |{{IPAlink|n}} |{{IPAlink|ɲ}} |{{IPAlink|ŋ}} | | |
| colspan="2" |Lateral
| |{{IPAlink|l}} | | | | |
| colspan="2" |Approximant
| | |{{IPAlink|j}} | |{{IPAlink|w}} | |
{{notelist}}
Voiced consonants likely could have been either separate phonemes or allophones of voiceless sounds.
= Vowels =
Sample text
Following is the Lord's Prayer in the dialect of San Ignacio Kadakaamán, recorded by Francisco Javier Clavijero from the work of the missionaries Barco and Ventura, which has been lost.{{Cite web |title=Oraciones religiosas cochimí |url=http://www.milapa.org/oraciones.html}}
{{quote|{{lang|coj|Va-bappà amma-bang miamù,
ma-mang-à-juà huit maja tegem:
Amat-ma-thadabajuà ucuem:
Kem-mu-juà amma-bang vahi-mang amat-à-nang la-uahim.
Teguap ibang gual gùieng-à-vit-à-juà iban-à-nang packagit:
muht-pagijuà abadakegem, machi uayecg-juà packabaya-guem:
Kazet-à-juangamue-gnit-pacum:
guang mayi-acg packabanajam.
Amén.}}}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Hokan languages}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cochimi language}}
Category:Yuman–Cochimí languages
Category:Indigenous languages of Mexico
Category:Languages attested from the 18th century