Coconucan language
{{Short description|Barbacoan language spoken in Colombia}}
{{No footnotes|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Coconuco
| nativename = Namrrik
| states = Colombia
| region = Cauca Department
| ethnicity = Guambiano (Misak)
| speakers = 21,000
| date = 2008
| ref = e18
| familycolor = American
| fam1 = Barbacoan
| lc1 = gum
| ld1 = Guambiano
| lc2 = ttk
| ld2 = Totoró
| glotto = coco1262
| glottorefname = Coconucan
| dia1 = Coconuco proper {{extinct}}
| dia2 = Totoro
| dia3 = Guambiano
}}
Coconuco, also known as Coconucan, Guambiano, Misak, and Nam Trik, is a dialect cluster of Colombia spoken by the Guambiano indigenous people. Though the three varieties, Guambiano, moribund Totoró, and the extinct Coconuco are traditionally called languages, Adelaar & Muysken (2004) believe that they are best treated as a single language.
Totoró may be extinct; it had 4 speakers in 1998 out of an ethnic population of 4,000. Guambiano, on the other hand, is vibrant and growing.
Coconucan was for a time mistakenly included in a spurious Paezan language family, due to a purported "Moguex" (Guambiano) vocabulary that turned out to be a mix of Páez and Guambiano (Curnow 1998).
Phonology
The Guambiano inventory is as follows (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998:386).
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowels ! !Back |
Close
|{{IPA link|i}} | |{{IPA link|u}} |
---|
Mid
|{{IPA link|e}} |{{IPA link|ə}} | |
Back
| |{{IPA link|a}} | |
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Consonants ! |
Nasal
|{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} | |{{IPA link|ɲ}} | |
---|
Plosive
|{{IPA link|p}} |{{IPA link|t}} | | |{{IPA link|k}} |
Affricate
| |{{IPA link|ts}} |{{IPA link|tʂ}} |{{IPA link|tʃ}} | |
Fricative
| |{{IPA link|s}} |{{IPA link|ʂ}} |{{IPA link|ʃ}} | |
Liquid
| |{{IPA link|r}}, {{IPA link|l}} | |{{IPA link|ʎ}} | |
Semivowel
|{{IPA link|w}} | | |{{IPA link|j}} | |
List of words
class="wikitable"
!English !Spanish !Guambiano !{{Ref heading}} |
One
|Uno |Kan |
Two
|Dos |Pa |
Three
|Tres |Pyn |
Dog
|Perro |Wera |
Man
|Hombre |Myk |
Moon
|Luna |Pyl |
Stone
|Pierre |Xuk |
Sun
|Sol |Pych |
Water
|Agua |Pi |
Woman
|Mujer |Ixuk |
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. 2004. The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
- Branks, Judith; Sánchez, Juan Bautista. 1978. The drama of life: A study of life cycle customs among the Guambiano, Colombia, South America (pp xii, 107). Summer Institute of Linguistics Museum of Anthropology Publication (No. 4). Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics Museum of Anthropology.
- Vásquez de Ruiz, Beatriz. 2000. Guambiano: Algunos Aspectos sobre Morfología Nominal. In González de Pérez, María Stella and Rodríguez de Montes, María Luisa (eds.), Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva, 155-168. Santafé de Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
- Curnow, Timothy Jowan, & Liddicoat, Anthony J. 1998. The Barbacoan Languages of Colombia and Ecuador, Anthropological Linguistics, 40:3:384–408.
- Fabre, Alain. 2005. Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: Guambiano[http://www.ling.fi/Entradas%20diccionario/Dic=Guambiano.pdf]
{{Barbacoan languages}}
{{Languages of Colombia}}