Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2

The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book) made of 297 parchment leaves ({{×|18.5|11.5}}), containing the entire New Testament (except of Book of Revelation) in the following order: the Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, the General epistles, and the Pauline epistles (Hebrews is the last book in Paul). The text is written in one column per page, 38 lines per page.{{Cite book | first1=Kurt | last1=Aland | author-link1=Kurt Aland | author2=M. Welte | author3=B. Köster | author4=K. Junack | title=Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments | edition=2 | page=47 | year=1994 | publisher=Walter de Gruyter | location=Berlin; New York | isbn=3-11-011986-2}} It was originally accompanied by miniatures, which were stolen before 1860–1862 (except one before the Gospel of John, which remains).{{Cite book | first=Frederick Henry Ambrose | last=Scrivener | author-link=Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener | author2=Edward Miller | title=A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament | volume=1 | edition=4th | year=1894 | publisher=George Bell & Sons | location=London}}{{rp|190–191}}

The dimensions of the text are {{×|13.6|6.8}}.{{r|Anderson108}} It was written on parchment continuously and without separation in elegant minuscule, furnished with breathings (spiritus asper, spiritus lenis), accents, and Iota adscript. The initial letters are gilt, and on the first page of each Gospel the full stop is a large gilt ball.{{r|Scrivener|pp=190–191}}

The text is divided according to chapters (known as κεφαλαια / kephalaia) whose numbers are given in the margin, with their titles (known as {{lang|grc|τιτλοι}} / titloi) at the top of the pages. The text of the Gospels is divided according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Matthew 352, in Mark 236 with last numbered section in 16:12, in Luke 340, in John 227), but references to the Eusebian Canons are absent.{{r|Gregory}} The Book of Acts and the epistles have the Euthalian Apparatus.{{r|Gregory}}

It contains prolegomena, synaxaria (a list of saints), two types of lectionary markings in the margin (for liturgical reading), and pictures (e.g. a portrait of John the Evangelist and Prochorus). The later type of liturgical notes, so called {{lang|grc|αναγνωσεις}} (only for Gospels), were added by a later hand (in red). There are 116 {{lang|grc|αναγνωσεις}} in the Gospel of Matthew, 70 in the Gospel of Mark, 114 in the Gospel of Luke, and 67 in the Gospel of John.{{r|Gregory}} In the 15th century, the later hand added Prolegomena.{{Cite book | first=Kirsopp | last=Lake | title=Codex 1 of the Gospels and its Allies | series=Texts and Studies, volume VII | location=Cambridge | year=1902}}{{rp|x}}

The codex contains a scholion questioning the authenticity of Mark 16:9-20.{{r|lake-codex1|p=92}} The Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) is placed after John 21:25.{{Cite book | first=Caspar René | last=Gregory | author-link=Caspar René Gregory | title=Textkritik des Neuen Testaments | volume=1 | page=127 | year=1900 | publisher=J.C. Hinrichs | location=Leipzig | url=https://archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n139/mode/2up}}

File:Minuscule 1 (GA) f 1r.jpg]]

In Aland's Profile, biblical scholars Kurt and Barbara Aland placed the codex's Gospels in Category III, meaning it has historical importance, with the profile of 119{{sup|1}}, 80{{sup|2}}, 60{{sup|1/2}}, 69{{sup|s}}.{{Cite book | last1=Aland | first1=Kurt | author-link=Kurt Aland | last2=Aland | first2=Barbara | author-link2=Barbara Aland | others=Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.) | title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | year=1995 | location=Grand Rapids | page=129 | isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1}} This means the text of the codex agrees with the Byzantine standard text 119 times, with the original text against the Byzantine 80 times, and with both the Byzantine and original text 60 times. There are 69 independent or distinctive readings in the Gospels.{{r|Aland-TNT|p=107}} While the Gospels in codex 1 are considered a representative of the Caesarean text-type,{{Cite book | last1=Metzger | first1=Bruce M. | author-link1=Bruce M. Metzger | last2=Ehrman | first2=Bart D. | author-link2=Bart D. Ehrman | title=The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration | year=2005 | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=New York; Oxford | isbn=978-0-19-516122-9}}{{rp|87}} the remainder of the books of the New Testament are considered a representative of the Byzantine text-type and falls into Category V, the lowest and least important in Aland's Profile.{{r|Aland-TNT}}

It belongs to the textual Family 1 with manuscripts 118, 131 and 209.{{r|metz-ehr|pp=86–87}} Classification in this textual family was supported by the Claremont Profile Method, but it was only examined with this method in Luke 1, Luke 10 and Luke 20.{{Cite book | last=Wisse | first=Frederik | title=The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke | publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | year=1982 | location=Grand Rapids | page=53 | isbn=0-8028-1918-4 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/profilemethodfor00wiss/page/53 }}

Griesbach was the first who noted its similarities to the text of Origen's commentary to the Gospel of Matthew.{{Cite book | first=Johann Jakob | last=Griesbach | author-link=Johann Jakob Griesbach | title=Symbolae criticae ad supplendas et corrigendas variarum N. T. lectionum collectiones | volume=1 | pages=CCII-CCXXIII | orig-year=1785 | year=1793 | location=Halle | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PqcUAAAAQAAJ}} According to Hort, its text preceded the byzantine text-type.

Biblical scholar Kirsopp Lake compared the text of the codex with the text of Stephanus, and showed that minuscule 1 contains 2243 variants from the Textus Receptus in the sections comprising Matthew 1–10, Matthew 22–Mark 14, Luke 4-23, and John 1-13 and 18.{{r|lake-codex1|p=XXIV}}

In {{bibleref|Matthew|27:16}}, it has the well-known textual variant "{{lang|el|Ιησουν τον Βαραββαν}}" (Jesus Barabbas). This variant also appears in Codex Koridethi (Θ), Minuscule 700, and other members of the group Family 1.{{Cite book | title=Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece | editor-first1=Kurt | editor-last1=Aland | editor1-link=Kurt Aland | editor-first2=Matthew | editor-last2=Black | editor2-link=Matthew Black | editor-first3=Carlo M. | editor-last3=Martini | editor3-link=Carlo Maria Martini | editor-first4=Bruce M. | editor-last4=Metzger | editor4-link=Bruce Metzger | editor-first5=Allen | editor-last5=Wikgren | editor5-link=Allen Wikgren | year=1981 | publisher=Deutsche Bibelstiftung | location=Stuttgart | isbn=3-438-051001 | edition=26}} [NA26]

File:Old University Basel.jpg

File:Codex Basiliensis A.N.IV.2 Luke 1,1-2.JPG

Textual critics and palaeographers like Wettstein, Tischendorf, Scrivener and Gregory dated the manuscript to the 10th century.{{Cite book | last=Tischendorf | first=Constantin von | author-link=Constantin von Tischendorf | title=Novum Testamentum Graece | edition=7 | page=CXCIV | year=1859 | location=Lipsiae | url=https://archive.org/stream/novumtestamentu00tiscgoog#page/n218/mode/2up }} Henri Omont and Lake dated it to the 12th century, and Dean Burgon to the 12th or 13th century. It is dated by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research to the 12th century{{r|Aland-TNT}}{{Cite web | url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=30001 | title=Liste Handschriften | publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research | access-date=31 December 2012 | location=Münster}} because the frequent occurrence of enlarged letters, rounded breathing marks, flourishes and ligatures seem to eliminate earlier dates.{{r|Anderson108}}

The manuscript was presented to the monastery of the Preaching Friars by Cardinal Ragusio, general of the Dominicans.{{r|Gregory}} It was used by Desiderius Erasmus in the first edition of his Novum Testamentum (1516); as a result, some of its readings are found in the Textus Receptus. Erasmus used this codex very little because its text was different from other manuscripts with which he was acquainted. Oecolampadius and Gerbelius (Erasmus's sub-editors) insisted that he use more readings from this codex in his third edition; however according to Erasmus, the text of this codex was altered from the Latin manuscripts and had secondary value.{{Cite book | last=Tregelles | first=Samuel Prideaux | author-link=Samuel Prideaux Tregelles | title=An Introduction to the Critical study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures | location=London | year=1856 | page=208}} Since 1559, it has been kept at the University of Basel,{{r|Gregory}} along with Codex Basilensis and minuscule 2.

Johann Albrecht Bengel used several extracts from the codex, and Wettstein was the first who thoroughly examined it. According to him, in the Gospels its text agrees with the most ancient codices and patristic quotations; therefore, he called it number one.{{Cite book | last=Wettstein | first=Johann Jakob | title=Prolegomena ad Novi Testamenti Graeci | year=1730 | page=57}} In 1751 he changed his high opinion (Novum Testamentum Græcum),{{Cite book | first=Johann Jakob | last=Wettstein | author-link=Johann Jakob Wettstein | title=Novum Testamentum Graecum editionis receptae cum lectionibus variantibus codicum manuscripts | pages=42–44 | year=1751 | publisher=Ex Officina Dommeriana | location=Amsterdam | url=https://archive.org/stream/hekainediatheken00clem#page/42/mode/2up}} dating the codex to the 10th century. Wettstein collated this manuscript twice, with many errors; according to biblical scholar Samuel Prideaux Tregelles, his collation was incorrect in more than 1,200 readings. Leonard Hug supported Wettstein's last opinion that the codex was Latinisated.{{Cite book | first=John Leonard | last=Hug | title=Writings of the New Testament | others=Daniel Guildford Wait (trans.) | location=London | year=1827 | page=165}} Tregelles and Roth again collated the text of this codex, and Tregelles noticed that it was textually close to Minuscule 118. Dean Burgon noticed that minuscules 131 and 209 were also textually similar. This entire group was examined by Kirsopp Lake in 1902, and it was called "the Lake Group" (or Family 1). The text of the family was established on the basis of minuscule 1 (the manuscript was collated with Minuscules 118, 131, and 209).{{r|lake-codex1}}

Scrivener demonstrated that at least 22 verses of Erasmian's Greek New Testament text were derived from minuscule 1:

• {{bibleref|Matthew|22:28}}; {{bibleref|Matthew|23:25}}; {{bibleref|Matthew|27:52}}; {{bibleref|Matthew|28:3}}, {{bibleref|Matthew|28:4}}, {{bibleref|Matthew|28:19}}, {{bibleref|Matthew|28:20}}
• {{bibleref|Mark|7:18}}, {{bibleref|Mark|7:19}}, {{bibleref|Mark|7:26}}; {{bibleref|Mark|10:1}}; {{bibleref|Mark|12:22}}; {{bibleref|Mark|15:46}}
• {{bibleref|Luke|1:16}}, {{bibleref|Luke|1:61}}; {{bibleref|Luke|2:43}}; {{bibleref|Luke|9:1}}, {{bibleref|Luke|9:15}}; {{bibleref|Luke|11:49}}
• {{bibleref|John|1:28}}; {{bibleref|John|10:8}}; {{bibleref|John|13:20}}{{r|Scrivener|pp=183–184}}

The manuscript has been cited in all critical editions of the Greek New Testament, and systematically cited in the third and fourth editions edited by United Bible Societies (UBS3{{Cite book| title=The Greek New Testament | editor-first1=Kurt | editor-last1=Aland | editor1-link=Kurt Aland | editor-first2=Matthew | editor-last2=Black | editor2-link=Matthew Black | editor-first3=Carlo M. | editor-last3=Martini | editor3-link=Carlo Maria Martini | editor-first4=Bruce M. | editor-last4=Metzger | editor4-link=Bruce Metzger | editor-first5=Allen | editor-last5=Wikgren | editor5-link=Allen Wikgren | publisher=United Bible Societies | edition=3rd | location=Stuttgart |year=1983 | page= XIX}} and UBS4{{Cite book| title=The Greek New Testament | editor-first1=Kurt | editor-last1=Aland | editor1-link=Kurt Aland | editor-first2=Barbara | editor-last2=Aland | editor2-link=Barbara Aland | editor-first3=Carlo M. | editor-last3=Martini | editor3-link=Carlo Maria Martini | editor-first4=Bruce M. | editor-last4=Metzger | editor4-link=Bruce Metzger | editor-first5=J. | editor-last5=Karavidopoulos | publisher=United Bible Societies | edition=4th | location=Stuttgart |year=1983 | page=17 | isbn=978-3-438-05110-3}}) and Nestle-Aland's 26th and 27th editions (NA26{{r|na26|p=13}} and NA27). In NA27, the codex is cited as a witness of the first order.{{Cite book| editor-first1=Kurt | editor-last1=Aland | editor1-link=Kurt Aland | editor-first2=Barbara | editor-last2=Aland | editor2-link=Barbara Aland | editor-first3=Carlo M. | editor-last3=Martini | editor3-link=Carlo Maria Martini | editor-first4=Bruce M. | editor-last4=Metzger | editor4-link=Bruce Metzger | editor-first5=J. | editor-last5=Karavidopoulos | title=Novum Testamentum Graece | edition=27 | publisher=Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft | location=Stuttgart | year=2001 | pages=58*}}

{{Portal|Bible}}

• List of New Testament minuscules
• Novum Instrumentum omne
• Textual criticism

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite book | first=Henri | last=Omont | author-link=Henri Omont | title=Catalogue des mss grecs des bibliothèques de Suisse | location=Leipzig | year=1886}}

{{Commons category|Minuscule 1 (GA)}}

• [http://www.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_1 Online images of minuscule 1] (Digital Microfilm) at the CSNTM.
• R. Waltz, [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/Manuscripts1-500.html#m1 Minuscule 1], Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism (2007)
• [http://aleph.unibas.ch/F/?local_base=DSV05&con_lng=GER&func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000071981 IDS BS BE Archive]
• [http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/viewer/viewerWolkenkratzer01.php Images] NT.VMR

{{Good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0001}}

Category:Greek New Testament minuscules

Category:12th-century biblical manuscripts

Category:12th-century illuminated manuscripts