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Colhuehuapian#Fossils

{{Short description|Period of geologic time (21.0–17.5 Ma)}}

The Colhuehuapian age is a period of geologic time (21.0–17.5 Ma) within the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Deseadan and precedes the Santacrucian age.[https://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=730 Paleo Database: Colhuehuapian]

Etymology

The age is named after the Colhué Huapí Member of the Sarmiento Formation in the Golfo San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina.

Formations

{{Location map+ | South America

| relief = 1

| width = 300

| caption = Locations of Colhuehuapian formations

| places =

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -35.0

| lon_deg = -70.4

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Abanico Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -2.8

| lon_deg = -78.9

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Biblián Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = 10.563889

| lon_deg = -69.728333

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Castillo Formation, Venezuela

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -38.9

| lon_deg = -69.6

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Cerro Bandera Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -39.1

| lon_deg = -67.8

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Chichinales Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -14.1

| lon_deg = -75.7

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Chilcatay Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -37.7

| lon_deg = -71.2

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Cura-Mallín Group

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -43.3

| lon_deg = -65.4

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Gaiman Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -40.4

| lon_deg = -65.3

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Gran Bajo de Gualicho Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -42.8

| lon_deg = -65.0

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Monte León Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -5.1

| lon_deg = -80.9

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Montera Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -1.2

| lon_deg = -47.2

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Pirabas Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -46.8

| lon_deg = -71.8

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Río Jeinemení Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = 11.966667

| lon_deg = -71.378611

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 10

| link = Uitpa Formation

}}

{{Location map~ | South America

| lat_deg = -45.7

| lon_deg = -68.7

| mark = Yellow pog.svg

| marksize = 14

| link = Colhué Huapí Member

}}

}}

class="wikitable sortable"

! Formation
{{small|bold is type}}

! Country

! Basin

! class=unsortable | Notes

Colhué Huapí Member{{ARG}}Golfo San Jorge Basin{{center|Dozo et al., 2014, p.241Acosta & Tambussi, 2005, p.128}}
Abanico Formation{{CHL}}Abanico Basin{{center|Godoy et al., 2012Muñoz et al., 2006}}
Biblián Formation{{ECU}}Cuenca Basin{{center|Veintimilla González, 2015, p.47}}
Castillo Formation{{VEN}}Falcón Basin{{center|Johnson, 2009, p.60}}
Cerro Bandera Formation{{ARG}}Neuquén Basin{{center|Kramarz et al., 2005}}
Chichinales Formation{{ARG}}North Patagonian Massif{{center|Kramarz et al., 2005, p.288}}
Chilcatay Formation{{PER}}Pisco Basin{{center|De la Cruz, 2008, p.53Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.13}}
Cura-Mallín Group{{CHL}}Cura-Mallín Basin{{center|Utgé et al., 2009}}
Gaiman Formation{{ARG}}Valdés Basin{{center|Acosta Hospitaleche, 2007, p.419}}
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation{{ARG}}Colorado Basin{{center|Reichler, 2010, p.181}}
Monte León Formation{{ARG}}Austral Basin{{center|Náñez et al., 2009Pérez Panera, 2010, p.52}}
Montera Formation{{PER}}Sechura Basin{{center|Córdova Aguilar, 2009, p.24}}
Pirabas Formation{{BRA}}Amazon Basin{{center|De Araújo et al., 2010, p.207}}
Río Jeinemeni Formation{{ARG}}Austral Basin{{center|Dal Molín & Colombo, 2003, p.140}}
Uitpa Formation{{COL}}Cocinetas Basin{{center|Moreno et al., 2015, p.7}}

{{clear}}

Fossils

class="wikitable sortable"

! Group

! Fossils

! Formation

! class=unsortable | Notes

rowspan=11 | MammalsAbderites meridionalis, Acarechimys cf. minutissimus, Acaremys cf. murinus, A. preminutus, Acrocyon riggsi, Acyon tricuspidatus, Anargyrolagus primus, Arctodictis sinclairi, Argyrohippus cf. boulei, ?Astrapotherium ruderarium, Australoprocta fleaglei, Borhyaena macrodonta, Branisamyopsis australis, Caviocricetus lucasi, Cephalomyopsis hipselodontus, Cladosictis centralis, Clenia minuscula, Colpodon distinctus, Cramauchenia normalis, Dolichocebus gaimanensis, Dudumus ruigomezi, Eomicrobiotherium mykerum, Eosteiromys homogenidens, E. segregatus, Eoviscaccia australis, Euphractus patagonicus, Gaimanomys alwinea, Galileomys antelucanus, Hypsosteiromys axiculus, H. nectus, Licaphrops festinus, Luanthus initialis, Luantus propheticus, Mazzonicebus almendrae, Mormopterus barrancae, Necrolestes mirabilis, Neoreomys pinturensis, Oligobiotherium divisum, Pachybiotherium acclinum, Palaeothentes ?minutus, Parabderites bicrispatus, Paradelphomys fissus, Parasteiromys friantae, P. uniformis, Parastrapotherium symmetrum, Patagonia peregrina, Peltephilus pumilus, Perimys dissimilis, P. incavatus, P. transversus, Proargyrolagus argentinus, Proheptaconus patagonicus, Prolicaphrium spectabile, Prospaniomys priscus, Prostichomys bowni, Protacaremys avunculus, P. prior, P. pulchellus, Protadelphomys latus, Prozaedyus humilis, Pseudostegotherium glangeaudi, Pseudothylacynus rectus, Pternoconius bondi, Sipalocyon externus, Soriamys gaimanensis, S. ganganensis, Stegotherium tesselatum, S. variegatum, Tremacebus harringtoni, Willidewu estaparius, Acarechimys sp., Interatherium sp., Microbiotherium sp., Nematherium sp., Pachyrukhos sp., Proeutatus sp., Protypotherium sp., Prozaedyus sp., Soriamys sp., Tetramerorhinus sp., Titanothentes sp., Argyrolagoidea indet., Caluromyinae indet., ?Cephalomyidae indet., Chinchilloidea indet., Dasypodidae indet., Didelphidae indet., Didelphimorphia indet., Didelphoidea indet., Glyptodontidae indet., Hathlyacininae indet., Leontiniidae indet., Marsupialia indet., Megalonychidae indet., Neoepiblemidae indet., Phyllostominae indet., Propalaehoplophorinae indet., Thylacosmilidae indet.Colhué Huapí{{center|Cheme et al., 2016Arnal et al., 2014
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=176205 Gran Barranca Upper Fossil Zone] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=27311 Southern Cliff of lower Chubut River Valley] at Fossilworks.org
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=141368 Gran Barranca - southern cliff of lake Colhué Huapí] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=176270 Sacanana] at Fossilworks.org}}
Chilecebus carrascoensis, Notoungulata indet., Rodentia indet.Abanico{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=95645 Río Las Lenas] at Fossilworks.org}}
Xenastrapotherium aequatorialisBiblián{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=144675 Point 354989 Anzogues] at Fossilworks.org}}
Banderomys leanzai, Caviocricetus lucasi, Comahuetherium coccaorum, Cramauchenia normalis, Doryperimys olsacheri, Eoviscaccia australis, Garridomys curunuquem, Leucokephalos maior, Proadinotherium cf. muensteri, Protypotherium sinclairi, Abderites sp., Astrapothericulus sp., Cladosictis sp., Eosteiromys sp., Palaeothentes sp., Parastrapotherium sp., Perimys sp., Pitheculites sp., Proeutatus sp., Protypotherium sp., Prozaedyus sp., Sipalocyon sp., Stenotatus sp., Astegotheriini indet., Borhyaenidae indet., Hegetotheriidae indet., Macraucheniidae indet., Peltephilidae indet., Platyrrhini indet., Propalaehoplophorinae indet., Proterotheriinae indet.Cerro
Bandera		{{center|Vucetich et al., 2015Kramarz et al., 2015
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=89027 Cerro Bandera Type] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=89028 Cerro Bandera Barda Negra] at Fossilworks.org
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=89029 Cerro Bandera Sierra del Portezuelo Norte] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=89030 Cerro Bandera Bayo Mesa] at Fossilworks.org}}
Australoprocta fleaglei, Caviocricetus lucasi, Cladosictis cf. patagonica, Eoviscaccia australis, Willidewu esteparius, cf. Colpodon sp., Hegetotherium sp., Octodontoidea sp., Proeutatus sp., cf. Protypotherium sp., cf. Stenotatus sp., Interatheriidae indet., Mesotheriinae indet., Nesodontinae indet., Propalaehoplophorinae indet., Proterotheriinae indet.Chichinales{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=89093 Paso Córdoba] at Fossilworks.org}}
,

| Ensidelphis riveroi, Inticetus vertizi, Notocetus vanbenedeni, Pinnipedia indet., Platanidelphidi indet.

Chilcatayalign=center | Lambert et al., 2017[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=100330 Zamaca] in the Paleobiology Database
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=45484 Santa Rosa] in the Paleobiology Database[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=113249 Cerro Buque] in the Paleobiology Database
Bianucci et al., 2020Landini et al., 2019
Varas Malca et al., 2011
Colpodon antucoensis, Acarechimys sp., Luantus sp., Protacaremys sp., Protypotherium sp., Sipalocyon sp., Echimyidae indet.Cura-Mallín{{center|Shockey et al., 2012Flynn et al., 2008, p.414}}
Aglaocetus moreni, Aondelphis talen, Argyrocetus patagonicus, Idiorophus patagonicus, Morenocetus parvus, Phoberodon arctirostris, Plesiocetus dyticus, Prosqualodon australis, Kentriodon sp., Eurhinodelphinidae indet., Squalodontidae indet.Gaiman{{center|Viglino et al., 2018, p.264
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=47303 Cerro del Castillo, Trelew] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=45886 Bryn Gwyn] at Fossilworks.org}}
Metaxytherium crataegenseMontera{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=13404 Cerro Chocan] at Fossilworks.org}}
Dioplotherium allisoni, Sirenotherium pirabense, Metaxytherium sp., Rytiodus sp., Dugongidae indet.Pirabas{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=112590 Jazida B17] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=58454 Atalaia] at Fossilworks.org
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=112591 Praia de Fortalezinha] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=65162 Ilha de Fortaleza; São João de Pirabas] at Fossilworks.org
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=112581 Colonia Pedro Teixeira] at Fossilworks.org[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=112594 Tauari] at Fossilworks.org}}
Phanomys mixtusRío
Jeinemení		{{center|[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=176629 Río Jeinemení] at Fossilworks.org}}
rowspan=4 | BirdsFalconidae indet.Cerro
Bandera		{{center|}}
Opisthodactylus horacioperezi, Patagorhacos terrificus, Psilopteridae indet.Chichinales{{center|Agnolin & Chafrat, 2015}}
Palaeospheniscus sp.Chilcatayalign=center | Acosta Hospitaleche & Stucchi, 2005
Apterodytes ictus, Eretiscus tonnii, Palaeospheniscus affinis, P. bergi, P. bilocular, P. gracilis, P. intermedius, P. interruptus, P. patagonicus, P. planus, P. rothi, Paraptenodytes antarcticus, P. robustus, Treleudytes crassa, Arthrodytes sp., Anseriformes indet., Sphenisciformes indet.Gaiman{{center|
[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=74645 Patagonian] at Fossilworks.org}}
rowspan=3 | ReptilesGaimanophis tenuis, Waincophis sp., Colubridae indet.Colhué Huapí{{center|}}
Geochelone sp., Pleurodira indet.Chichinales{{center|}}
Crocodylia indet., Gavialoidea indet., Pleurodira indet.Pirabas{{center|
}}
rowspan=3 | FishAlopias superciliosus, Alopias cf. vulpinus, Anotodus agassizii, Carcharhinus brachyurus, Carcharhinus cf. leucas, Carcharocles chubutensis, Carcharodon hastalis, Cosmopolitodus plicatilis, Galeocerdo aduncus, Hemipristis serra, Isurus desori, Isurus oxyrinchus, Megachasma cf. applegatei, Megalolamna paradoxodon, Negaprion brevirostris, Parotodus benedeni, Physogaleus contortus, Sphyrna zygaena, cf. Anoxypristis sp., Carcharias sp., Squatina sp., Dasyatidae indet., Myliobatoidea indet.Chilcatayalign=center | Alván et al., 2004
Carcharhinus ackermanii, C. egertoni, C. priscus, Carcharodon subauriculatus, Diodon ferreirai, Galeocerdo paulinoi, Ginglymostoma obliquum, G. serra, Hemipristis serra, Isurus novus, Nebrius obliquus, Rhinoptera studeri, Scoliodon taxandriae, Sphyraena cunhai, S. egleri, Sphyrna magna, S. prisca, Arius sp., Hypoprion sp., Myliobatis sp.Pirabas{{center|

}}
Heptranchias cf. howellii, Centrophorus sp., Dalatias cf. licha, Pristiophorus sp., Isurus cf. oxyrinchus, Carcharocles sp., Alopias cf. superciliosus, Hemipristis serra, Carcharhinus gibbesii, Sphyrna laevissima, Mobula sp., Lamniformes indet., Teleostei indet.Uitpa{{center|Carrillo Briceño et al., 2016, p.91}}
DecapodsAcanthocarpus obscurus, Arenaeus cribarius, Calappilia broksi, Callinectes cf. declivis, C. ferreirai, C. paraensis, C. pirabensis, C. reticulatus, Cyclocancer tuberculatus, Euphylax septendentatus, Hepatella amazonica, Necronectes tajinensis, Paratumidocarcinus marajoarus, Panopeus capanemensis, Parthenope tuberculata, Portunus atecuicitilis, P. haitensis, P. pirabensis, P. spimanus, P. spinimanus, Scylla costata, Sesarma paraensis, Tasadia tuberculatus, Tetraxanthus rathbunae, Typilobus unispinatus, Randallia sp.Pirabas{{center|
}}

References

{{reflist|3}}

= Bibliography =

;Colhué Huapí Member

  • {{citation |last1=Arnal |first1=Michelle |last2=Kramarz |first2=Alejandro G. |last3=Vucetich |first3=M. Guiomar |last4=Vieytes |first4=E. Carolina |year=2014 |title=A new early Miocene octodontoid rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha) from Patagonia (Argentina) and a reassessment of the early evolution of Octodontoidea |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263555476 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=397–406 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.808203 |bibcode=2014JVPal..34..397A |hdl=11336/29748 |accessdate=2019-02-12|hdl-access=free }}
  • {{citation |last1=Cheme Arriaga |first1=Lucas |last2=Dozo |first2=María Teresa |last3=Gelfo |first3=Javier N. |year=2016 |title=A new Cramaucheniinae (Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309370068 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=e1229672 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1229672 |bibcode=2016JVPal..36E9672C |accessdate=2019-02-12|hdl=11336/30386 |hdl-access=free }}

;Abanico Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Bertrand |first1=Ornella C. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |author3-link=Darin A. Croft |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |last4=Wyss |first4=André R. |year=2012 |title=Two new taxa (Caviomorpha, Rodentia) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna (Chile) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262523787 |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3750 |pages=1–36 |doi=10.1206/3750.2 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
  • {{citation |last1=Bradham |first1=Jennifer |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |author3-link=Darin A. Croft |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |last4=Wyss |first4=Andre R. |year=2015 |title=New notoungulates (Notostylopidae and basal toxodontians) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284141601 |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3841 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1206/3841.1 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
  • {{citation |last1=Croft |first1=Darin A. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |last3=Wyss |first3=André R. |year=2008 |title=The Tinguiririca fauna of Chile and the early stages of "modernization" of South American mammal faunas |url=http://www.museunacional.ufrj.br/publicacoes/wp-content/arquivos/Arqs%2066%20n%201%20p%20191-211%20Croft%20et%20al.pdf |journal=Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro |volume=66 |pages=191–211 |accessdate=2019-02-12 |archive-date=2018-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906233925/http://www.museunacional.ufrj.br/publicacoes/wp-content/arquivos/Arqs%2066%20n%201%20p%20191-211%20Croft%20et%20al.pdf |url-status=dead |author1-link=Darin A. Croft }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906233925/http://www.museunacional.ufrj.br/publicacoes/wp-content/arquivos/Arqs%2066%20n%201%20p%20191-211%20Croft%20et%20al.pdf |date=2018-09-06 }}
  • {{citation |last1=Engelman |first1=Russell K. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |last3=Gans |first3=Philip |last4=Wyss |first4=André R. |author5-link=Darin A. Croft |last5=Croft |first5=Darin A. |year=2018 |title=Chlorocyon phantasma, a late Eocene borhyaenoid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados locality, Andean Main Range, central Chile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329976567 |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3918 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.1206/3918.1 |accessdate=2019-02-11}}
  • {{citation |last=Godoy |first=Estanislao |year=2012 |title=Sobre el variable marco geotectónico de las formaciones Abanico y Farellones y sus equivalentes al sur de los 35°LS |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-48222012000400008 |journal=Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina |volume=69 |pages=570–577 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
  • {{citation |last1=Muñoz |first1=Marcia |last2=Fuentes |first2=Francisco |last3=Vergara |first3=Mario |last4=Aguirre |first4=Luis |last5=Nyström |first5=Jan Olov |last6=Féraud |first6=Gilbert |last7=Demant |first7=Alain |year=2006 |title=Abanico East Formation: petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks behind the Cenozoic arc front in the Andean Cordillera, central Chile (33°50'S) |url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-02082006000100005 |journal=Revista Geológica de Chile |volume=33 |pages=109–140 |doi=10.4067/S0716-02082006000100005 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Biblián Formation

  • {{citation |last=Veintimilla González |first=Liliana Alexandra |year=2015 |title=Solución geológica, geotécnica, hidrológica, hidráulica y estructural de la alcantarilla que sirve a la autopista Cuenca-Azogues, Abscisa km. 4+667 (thesis) |url=http://dspace.ucuenca.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/21679/1/TESIS.pdf |publisher=Universidad de Cuenca |pages=1–111 |accessdate=2018-09-11}}

;Castillo Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Johnson |first1=Kenneth G. |last2=Sánchez Villagra |first2=Marcelo R. |last3=Aguilera |first3=Órangel A. |year=2009 |title=The Oligocene-Miocene transition on coral reefs in the Falcón Basin (NW Venezuela) |url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.617.9079&rep=rep1&type=pdf

|journal=PALAIOS |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=59–69 |doi=10.2110/palo.2008.p08-004r |bibcode=2009Palai..24...59J |citeseerx=10.1.1.617.9079 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

  • {{citation |last1=Rincón |first1=Ascanio D. |last2=Solórzano |first2=Andrés |last3=McDonald |first3=H. Gregory |last4=Núñez Flores |first4=Mónica |year=2017 |title=Baraguatherium takumara, gen. et sp. nov., the earliest mylodontoid sloth (early Miocene) from northern South America |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300000528 |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=179–191 |doi=10.1007/s10914-016-9328-y |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{citation |last1=Rincón |first1=Ascanio D. |last2=Solórzano |first2=Andrés |last3=Benammi |first3=Mouloud |last4=Vignaud |first4=Patrick |last5=McDonald |first5=H. Gregory |year=2014 |title=Chronology and geology of an Early Miocene mammalian assemblage in North of South America, from Cerro La Cruz (Castillo Formation), Lara State, Venezuela: implications in the 'changing course of Orinoco River' hypothesis |url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/andgeol/v41n3/art02.pdf |journal=Andean Geology |volume=41 |pages=507–528 |accessdate=2018-09-07}}
  • {{citation |last1=Solórzano |first1=Andrés |last2=Rincón |first2=Ascanio D. |last3=Cidade |first3=Giovanne M. |last4=Núñez Flores |first4=Mónica |last5=Sánchez |first5=Leonardo |year=2018 |title=Lower Miocene alligatoroids (Crocodylia) from the Castillo Formation, northwest of Venezuela |url=http://www.paleolab.com.br/assets/uploads/files/Solorzano_et_al.%2C_2018._Crocodilos_de_castillo.pdf |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume= 99|issue=2 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1007/s12549-018-0332-5 |bibcode=2019PdPe...99..241S |accessdate=2018-09-07}}
  • {{citation |last1=Urbani |first1=Franco |last2=Mendi |first2=David |year=2010 |title=Notas sobre la discordancia del margen sur de la cuenca Oligo-Miocena de Falcón estados Lara, Falcón y Yaracuy, Venezuela |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289375537 |journal=Boletín de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales |volume=LXX |pages=9–25 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Cerro Bandera Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Kramarz |first1=Alejandro G. |last2=Bond |first2=Mariano |last3=Arnal |first3=Michelle |year=2015 |title=Systematic description of three new mammals (Notoungulata and Rodentia) from the early Miocene Cerro Bandera Formation, northern Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281596616 |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=585–597 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.27.06.2015.2906 |accessdate=2019-02-13|hdl=11336/47331 |hdl-access=free }}
  • {{citation |last1=Kramarz |first1=Alejandro |last2=Garrido |first2=Alberto |last3=Forasiepi |first3=Analía |last4=Bond |first4=Mariano |last5=Tambussi |first5=Claudia |year=2005 |title=Estratigrafia y vertebrados (Aves y Mammalia) de la Formación Cerro Bandera, Mioceno Temprano de la Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250374050 |journal=Revista Geológica de Chile |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=273–291 |doi=10.4067/S0716-02082005000200006 |accessdate=2017-10-20}}

;Chichinales Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Agnolin |first1=Federico L. |last2=Chafrat |first2=Pablo |year=2015 |title=New fossil bird remains from the Chichinales Formation (Early Miocene) of northern Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273206896 |journal=Annales de Paléontologie |volume=101 |issue=2 |pages=87–94 |doi=10.1016/j.annpal.2015.02.001 |bibcode=2015AnPal.101...87A |accessdate=2019-02-13}}
  • {{citation |last1=Kramarz |first1=Alejandro Gustavo |last2=Paz |first2=Ernesto Rodrigo |year=2013 |title=Un Hegetotheriidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) basal del Mioceno temprano de Patagonia |url=http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/572/57226227017.pdf |journal=Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas |volume=30 |pages=186–195 |accessdate=2017-10-20}}

;Chilcatay Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Bianucci |first1=Giovanni |first2=C. |last2=de Muizon |first3=M. |last3=Urbina |first4=O. |last4=Lambert |year=2020 |title=Extensive diversity and disparity of the early Miocene platanistoids (Cetacea, Odontoceti) in the Southeastern Pacific (Chilcatay Formation, Peru) |journal=Life |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=1–62|doi=10.3390/life10030027 |doi-access=free |pmid=32197480 |pmc=7151620 |bibcode=2020Life...10...27B |hdl=11568/1047231 |hdl-access=free }}
  • {{citation |last1=Landini |first1=W. |first2=A. |last2=Collareta |first3=C. |last3=Di Celma |first4=E. |last4=Malinverno |first5=M. |last5=Urbina |first6=G. |last6=Bianucci |year=2019 |title=The early Miocene elasmobranch assemblage from Zamaca (Chilcatay T Formation, Peru) |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=91 |pages=352–371|doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2018.08.004 |bibcode=2019JSAES..91..352L }}
  • {{citation |last1=Bianucci |first1=Giovanni |last2=Bosio |first2=Giulia |last3=Malinverno |first3=Elisa |last4=De Muizon |first4=Christian |last5=Villa |first5=Igor M. |last6=Urbina |first6=Mario |last7=Lambert |first7=Olivier |year=2018 |title=A new large squalodelphinid (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from Peru sheds light on the Early Miocene platanistoid disparity and ecology |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=172302 |doi=10.1098/rsos.172302 |pmid=29765678 |pmc=5936943 |bibcode=2018RSOS....572302B }}
  • {{citation |last=De la Cruz |first=Aldo Alván |year=2008 |title=Geología de Ocucaje: aportes en la sedimentología y paleontología de Lomas de Ullujaya (Ica, Perú) |url=http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/bibvirtualdata/publicaciones/geologia/vol11_n21/a07vol11n21.pdf |journal=Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones FIGMMG |volume=11 |pages=51–59 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}
  • {{citation |last1=Lambert |first1=Olivier |last2=De Muizon |first2=Christian |last3=Malinverno |first3=Elisa |last4=Di Celma |first4=Claudio |last5=Urbina |first5=Mario |last6=Bianucci |first6=Giovanni |year=2017 |title=A new odontocete (toothed cetacean) from the Early Miocene of Peru expands the morphological disparity of extinct heterodont dolphins |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319652698 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=16 |issue=12 |pages=981–1016 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2017.1359689 |hdl=11568/891482 |accessdate=2019-02-12|hdl-access=free }}
  • {{citation |last1=Lambert |first1=Olivier |last2=Bianucci |first2=Giovanni |last3=Urbina |first3=Mario |year=2014 |title=Huaridelphis raimondii, a new early Miocene Squalodelphinidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Chilcatay Formation, Peru |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265606066 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=987–1004 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2014.858050 |bibcode=2014JVPal..34..987L |accessdate=2019-02-12}}
  • {{citation |last1=Varas Malca |first1=R. M. |first2=A. J. |last2=Altamirano Sierra |first3=T. |last3=DeVries |first4=M. |last4=Urbino |year=2011 |title=The earliest known pinniped from the Southern Hemisphere |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=48 |pages=R217}}
  • {{citation |last1=Acosta Hospitaleche |first1=C. |first2=M. |last2=Stucchi |year=2005 |title=Nuevos restos terciarios de Spheniscidae (Aves, sphenisciformes) procedentes de la Costa del Peru |journal=Revista Española de Paleontología |volume=20 |pages=1–5}}
  • {{citation |last1=Alván |first1=A. |first2=J. |last2=Apolín |first3=C. |last3=Chacaltana |year=2004 |title=Los dientes de Seláceos (Condrichthyies) y su aplicaión estratigráfica en Las Lomas de Ullujaya (Ica, Perú) |publisher=XIII Congreso Peruano de Geología. Resúmenes Extendidos |pages=595–598}}
  • {{citation |last=Colbert |first=E. H |year=1944 |title=A new fossil whale from the Miocene of Peru |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=83 |pages=199–216}}

;Cura-Mallín Group

  • {{citation |last1=Flynn |first1=John J. |author2-link=Reynaldo Charrier |last2=Charrier |first2=Reynaldo |author3-link=Darin A. Croft |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |last4=Gans |first4=Phillip B. |last5=Herriott |first5=Trystan M. |last6=Wertheim |first6=Jill A. |author7-link=Andre Wyss |last7=Wyss |first7=André R. |year=2008 |title=Chronologic implications of new Miocene mammals from the Cura-Mallín and Trapa Trapa formations, Laguna del Laja area, south central Chile |url=http://repositorio.uchile.cl/bitstream/handle/2250/125201/Flynn_John.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=412–423 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2008.05.006 |bibcode=2008JSAES..26..412F |accessdate=2017-10-20}}
  • {{citation |last1=Shockey |first1=Bruce J. |last2=Flynn |first2=John J. |author3-link=Darin A. Croft |last3=Croft |first3=Darin A. |last4=Gans |first4=Phillip |author5-link=Andre Wyss |last5=Wyss |first5=André R. |year=2012 |title=New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina : comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232690741 |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3737 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.1206/3737.2 |accessdate=2019-02-15}}
  • {{citation |last1=Utgé |first1=Silvana |last2=Folguera |first2=Andrés |last3=Litvak |first3=Vanesa |author4-link=Víctor Alberto Ramos |last4=Ramos |first4=Víctor A. |year=2009 |title=Geología del sector norte de la Cuenca de Cura Mallín en las Lagunas de Epulaufquen, Neuquén |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-48222009000200005 |journal=Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=231–248 |accessdate=2017-10-01}}

;Gaiman Formation

  • {{citation |last=Acosta Hospitaleche |first=Carolina |year=2007 |title=Revisión sistemática de Palaeospheniscus biloculata (Simpson) nov. comb. (Aves, Spheniscidae) de la Formación Gaiman (Mioceno Temprano), Chubut, Argentina |url=http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/viewFile/658/1374 |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=44 |pages=417–426 |accessdate=2018-09-11}}
  • {{citation |last1=Viglino |first1=Mariana |last2=Buono |first2=Mónica R. |last3=Gutstein |first3=Carolina S. |last4=Cozzuol |first4=Mario A. |last5=Cuitiño |first5=José I. |year=2018 |title=A new dolphin from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina: Insights into the evolution of Platanistoidea in the Southern Hemisphere |url=https://app.pan.pl/archive/published/app63/app004412017.pdf |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=261–277 |doi=10.4202/app.00441.2017 |accessdate=2019-02-11}}

;Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation

  • {{citation |last=Reichler |first=Valeria A |year=2010 |title=Estratigrafía y paleontología del Cenozoico marino del Gran Bajo y Salinas del Gualicho, Argentina, y descripción de 17 especies nuevas |url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/andgeol/v37n1/art08.pdf |journal=Andean Geology |volume=31 |pages=177–219 |accessdate=2018-09-11}}

;Monte León Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Náñez |first1=Carolina |last2=Quattrocchio |first2=Mirta E. |last3=Ruiz |first3=Liliana |year=2009 |title=Palinología y micropaleontología de las Formaciones San Julián y Monte León (Oligoceno - Mioceno temprano) en el subsuelo de cabo Curioso, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0002-70142009000400007 |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=46 |pages=669–693 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Montera Formation

  • {{citation |last=Córdova Aguilar |first=Arturo |year=2009 |title=Proyecto: "desarrollo de capacidades para una propuesta de zoneamiento ecológico económica (ZEE) para el ordenamiento territorial del Departamento de Piura" - área: Geología y potencial de recursos mineros |url=http://geoservidorperu.minam.gob.pe/geoservidor/Archivos/Mapa/Piura/Memoria_Descriptiva_Geologia.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Peru |pages=1–83 |accessdate=2018-09-11}}

;Pirabas Formation

  • {{citation |last1=De Araújo Távora |first1=Vladimir |last2=Rodrigues dos Santos |first2=André Augusto |last3=Neto Araújo |first3=Raphael |year=2010 |title=Localidades fossilíferas da Formação Pirabas (Mioceno Inferior) |url=http://www.museu-goeldi.br/editora/bn/artigos/cnv5n2_2010/localidades(tavora).pdf |journal=Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=207–224 |doi=10.46357/bcnaturais.v5i2.644 |accessdate=2017-08-15}}

;Río Jeinemení Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Dal Molín |first1=C.N. |last2=Colombo |first2=F. |year=2003 |title=Sedimentación neógena en la Cuenca del Río Zeballos y del Río Jeinemeni (47° Latitud Sur) Antepaís patagónico Argentina |url=http://rabida.uhu.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10272/9086/Sedimentacion.pdf?sequence=2 |journal=Geogaceta |volume=34 |pages=139–142 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}

;Uitpa Formation

  • {{citation |last1=Amson |first1=Eli |last2=Carrillo |first2=Juan D. |author3-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos |year=2016 |title=Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange |url=http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/Amson_et_al-2016_Sloth_Castilletes.pdf |journal=Palaeontology |volume= |pages=1–20 |accessdate=2017-03-31}}
  • {{citation |last1=Cadena |first1=Edwin |author2-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last2=Jaramillo |first2=Carlos |year=2015 |title=Early to middle Miocene turtles from the northernmost tip of South America: giant testudinids, chelids, and podocnemidids from the Castilletes Formation, Colombia |url=http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/Cadena_2015_turtles_Castilletes_Ameghin.pdf |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=188–203 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.10.11.2014.2835 |accessdate=2017-08-08 |author1-link=Edwin Cadena }}
  • {{citation |last1=Carrillo |first1=Juan D. |last2=Amson |first2=Eli |author3-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last3=Jaramillo |first3=Carlos |last4=Sánchez |first4=Rodolfo |last5=Quiroz |first5=Luis |last6=Cuartas |first6=Carlos |last7=Rincón |first7=Aldo F. |last8=Sánchez Villagra |first8=Marcelo R. |year=2018 |title=The Neogene record of northern South American native ungulates |url=https://opensi.si.edu/index.php/smithsonian/catalog/book/172 |journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology |volume=101 |pages=1–67 |accessdate=2019-02-11}}
  • {{citation |last1=Carrillo Briceño |first1=Jorge D. |last2=Argyriou |first2=Thodoris |last3=Zapata |first3=Vladimir |last4=Kindlimann |first4=René |author5-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last5=Jaramillo |first5=Carlos |year=2016 |title=A New Early Miocene (Aquitanian) Elasmobranchii Assemblage from the la Guajira Peninsula, Colombia |url=http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/124206/1/AMGH.26.10.2015.pdf |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=77–99 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.26.10.2015.2931 |accessdate=2017-08-08}}
  • {{citation |last1=Hendy |first1=Austin J.W. |last2=Jones |first2=Douglas S. |last3=Moreno |first3=Federico |last4=Zapata |first4=Vladimir |author5-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last5=Jaramillo |first5=Carlos |year=2015 |title=Neogene molluscs, shallow marine paleoenvironments, and chronostratigraphy of the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia |url=https://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/Hendy_2015_Castilletes_molluscs.pdf |journal=Swiss Journal of Palaeontology |volume=134 |issue=1 |pages=45–75 |doi=10.1007/s13358-015-0074-1 |bibcode=2015SwJP..134...45H |accessdate=2017-08-08}}
  • {{citation |last1=Moreno |first1=F. |last2=Hendy |first2=A.J.W. |last3=Quiroz |first3=L. |last4=Hoyos |first4=N. |last5=Jones |first5=D.S. |last6=Zapata |first6=V. |last7=Zapata |first7=S. |last8=Ballen |first8=G.A. |last9=Cadena, A.L. Cárdenas, J.D. Carrillo Briceño, J.D. Carrillo, D. Delgado Sierra, J. Escobar, J.I. Martínez, C. Martínez, C. Montes, J. Moreno, N. Pérez, R. Sánchez, C. Suárez, M.C. Vallejo Pareja, C. Jaramillo |first9=Edwin |year=2015 |title=Revised stratigraphy of Neogene strata in the Cocinetas Basin, La Guajira, Colombia |url=http://wwwprof.uniandes.edu.co/~cmontes/CamiloMontes/Publications_files/moreno_etal_2015_Guajira__stratigraphy.pdf |journal=Swiss Journal of Palaeontology |volume=134 |issue=1 |pages=5–43 |doi=10.1007/s13358-015-0071-4 |bibcode=2015SwJP..134....5M |accessdate=2017-08-08}}
  • {{citation |last=Moreno Bernal |first=Jorge W |year=2014 |title=Fossil Crocodilians from the High Guajira Peninsula of Colombia, and the History of Neogene Crocodilian Diversity in Tropical South America |url=http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1050&context=geoscidiss |publisher=University of Nebraska |pages=1–66 |accessdate=2017-08-08}}
  • {{citation |last1=Suárez |first1=Catalina |last2=Forasiepi |first2=AnalÍa M. |last3=Goin |first3=Francisco J. |author4-link=Carlos Jaramillo (geologist) |last4=Jaramillo |first4=Carlos |year=2015 |title=Insights into the Neotropics Prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern Colombia |url=http://stri-sites.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/Suarez_C_et_al_2016_Insights_into-the-Neotropics_prior-to-the_GABI.pdf |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=e1029581 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2015.1029581 |hdl=11336/53653 |accessdate=2019-02-13}}

{{SALMA}}

Category:Miocene South America

Category:Neogene Argentina

Category:Mapuche language