Colias palaeno

Subspecies include:[http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/pieridae/coliadinae/colias/#palaeno Funet] at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

• Colias palaeno palaeno – Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Estonia
• Colias palaeno aias Fruhstorfer, 1903 – Japan the largest form of palaeno, the marginal band of the forewing being very broad and the underside rich green
• Colias palaeno baffinensis Ebner & Ferris, [1978] – northern North America[http://butterfliesofamerica.com/colias_palaeno_baffinensis.htm Colias palaeno baffinensis], Butterflies of America
• Colias palaeno chippewa W.H. Edwards, 1870 – northern North America,[http://butterfliesofamerica.com/colias_palaeno_chippewa.htm Colias palaeno chippewa], Butterflies of America may be a separate species (C. chippewa)[http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/pieridae/coliadinae/colias/index.html#chippewa Colias chippewa] at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
• Colias palaeno europome (Esper, 1778) – Belgium, Germany, Slovakia, Romania, and Ukraine
• Colias palaeno europomene Ochsenheimer, 1808 – high altitude in the Alps. This form is somewhat larger than the nominate, the male lemon-yellow above, being below deeper yellow, as is also the female.
• Colias palaeno orientalis Staudinger, 1892 – Kamchatka very similar to europomene, being dark greenish on the underside of the hindwing
• Colias palaeno poktusani O. Bang-Haas, 1934 – North Korea
• Colias palaeno sachalinensis Matsumura, 1919 – Sakhalin
• Colias palaeno synonyma Bryk, 1923 – Sweden, Denmark[http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/pieridae/coliadinae/colias/index.html Colias] at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms

Colias aias is treated as a full species by some authors.{{citation|surname1=Josef Grieshuber|surname2=Bob Worthy|surname3=Gerardo Lamas|editor-surname1=Münchner Entomologische Gesellschaft|title=The Genus Colias Fabricius, 1807: Jan Haugum'S Annotated Catalogue Of The Old World Colias (Lepidoptera, Pieridae)|publisher=Tshikolovets Publications|location=Pardubice|isbn=978-80-904900-2-4|date= 2012|language=German}}

Colias palaeno is a Holarctic species, widespread through Asia, Europe and North America. It is present in central and northern Europe from eastern France to the Baltic States and northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and to the eastern Europe, then in eastern Siberia, in the Chukchi Peninsula, in Japan and in northern areas of North America.Delachaux et Niestlé, Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington, Guide des papillons d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord ({{ISBN|978-2-603-01649-7}})[https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/7c292e7f-7b6e-4083-82a3-3899568f230d Fauna europaea]

This species inhabits various types of moorland,[http://rusinsects.com/c-palae.htm Russian Insects] forest meadows, open coniferous forests[http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/korgor/pier2.htm Butterflies of the Asian part of Russia] and open areas which may contain scrub. In the southern areas of its range it is a high alpine species reaching an elevation over {{convert|1500|m}} above sea level, but it can be found on upland bogs at an elevation of about {{convert|1000|m}}.Matt Rowlings [http://www.eurobutterflies.com/sp/palaeno.php Eurobutterflies] Though the species is normally restricted to these habitats, occasionally it is found far from suitable breeding grounds.

Colias palaeno has a wingspan of {{convert|46|-|50|mm}} in males, of {{convert|50|-|52|mm}} in females.[http://www.ukbutterflies.co.uk/species.php?species=palaeno UK Butterflies] Upperside of male pale yellow with blackish brown distal margins, pale-centred dark middle spot to the forewing and light middle pot to the hindwing; fringes red. Underside of forewing pale yellow with white-centred dark middle spot, the costal and distal edges being red; hindwing yellow, strongly dusted with fuscous, the large middle spot being mother-of-pearl colour, and the fringes red. The female has a white ground colour above, the underside of the forewing being white proximally, yellow at apex, the hindwing being somewhat paler in the female than in the male.

The larva is sea-green, velvety, bearing minute black dots; a lateral stripe bright yellow edged with black beneath, below the same the white black-edged spiracles; underside and abdominal legs dull green, thoracic legs yellowish, head green. The Pupa is greenish yellow, the back being strongly convex.Kimmo Silvonen [http://www.kolumbus.fi/silvonen/lnel/pap/Colpalae.htm Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera]

(MHNT) Colias palaeno - Majdan Kasztelański Pologne - male dorsal.jpg| Colias palaeno ♂

(MHNT) Colias palaeno - Majdan Kasztelański Pologne - male ventral.jpg| Colias palaeno ♂ △

It is a univoltine species, flying from June to August. As most Colias-species, Colias palaeno is an avid flyer. The larva is found on bog bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum), on Vaccinium myrtillus and on Vaccinium caespitosum.

Colias palaeno poktussani male Syntype 01 dorsal side ZSM.jpg|Colias palaeno poktussani . Male, dorsal side

Colias palaeno poktussani female Syntype 01 dorsal side ZSM.jpg|Colias palaeno poktussani Female, dorsal side

Colias palaeno poktussani male Syntype 01 ventral side ZSM.jpg|Colias palaeno poktussani Male, ventral side

Colias palaeno poktussani female Syntype 01 ventral side ZSM.jpg|Colias palaeno poktussani Female, ventral side

{{Reflist}}

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• Paolo Mazzei, Daniel Morel, Raniero Panfili [http://www.leps.it/indexjs.htm?SpeciesPages/ColiasPalae.htmMoths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa]
• [http://szmn.eco.nsc.ru/old/picts/butterfly/Pieridae/Colias_palaeno.htm Lepidoptera collection]
• [https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Colias-palaeno Butterflies and Moths of North America]
• [http://www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Colias_Palaeno Lepiforum]
• [http://www.lepinet.fr/especes/nation/lep/?e=p&id=29310 Lepi Net]
• [http://www.turtlepuddle.org/alaskan/butterfly17.html Palaeno sulphur], Butterflies Along Alaska's Hiking Trails
• [http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/5393CDA8-E382-4CA8-A1EA-0CB90784D07B Colias palaeno (Linnaeus 1761) (Papilio)], ZooBank

{{Taxonbar|from=Q851578}}

palaeno

Category:Butterflies described in 1761

Category:Butterflies of Japan

Category:Butterflies of Europe

Category:Butterflies of North America

Category:Insects of the Arctic

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Category:Lepidoptera of the United States

Category:Lepidoptera of Canada