Colman Dock
{{short description|Ferry terminal in Seattle, Washington, U.S.}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox pier
| name = Colman Dock
| image = Colman Dock 2022.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Aerial view of Colman Dock during expansion in 2022
| official_name = Seattle Ferry Terminal
| spans =
| locale = Seattle, Washington, U.S.
| type = Ferry terminal
| maint =
| id =
| design =
| construction =
| owner = Washington State Ferries (WSDOT)
| mainspan =
| length = prior dock (1917): {{convert|700|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
| width = prior dock (1917): {{convert|115|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
| clearance =
| below =
| traffic =
| open = 1882
| rebuilt = 1908, 1966, 2019–23
| closed =
| toll =
| map_cue =
| map_image =
| map_text =
| map_width =
| coordinates = {{coord|47.602722|-122.338512|format=dms|display=inline,title|type:landmark_region:US-WA}}
}}
Colman Dock, also called Pier 52, is the primary ferry terminal in Seattle, Washington, United States. The original pier is no longer in existence, but the terminal, now used by the Washington State Ferries system, is still called "Colman Dock". The terminal serves two routes to Bainbridge Island and Bremerton and has an adjacent passenger-only facility at Pier 50 for King County Water Taxi and Kitsap Fast Ferries routes.
Location
File:Colman Dock and Smith Tower.jpg, with Smith Tower in the background]]
Originally Colman Dock was located at the foot of Columbia Street, and was immediately to the north of Pier 2. Before 1910, the wharf immediately to the north of Colman dock was used by the West Seattle ferry. In 1910 this wharf was replaced with the Grand Trunk Pacific dock.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SS8ZAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Port+Angeles%22+Waterhouse&pg=PA24 |editor-last=Beaton |editor-first=Welford |title=Frank Waterhouse & Company's Pacific Ports: A Commercial Geography |edition=3rd |year=1917 |pages=27–37 |publisher=Terminal Publishing Company |location=Seattle |access-date=June 9, 2011 |via=Google Books}} In 1964 the entire area was used for the much larger ferry terminal dock which exists today.
History
File:Seattle waterfront circa 1913.jpeg
Pier 52 was historically known as Colman Wharf. The original Colman Dock was built by Scottish engineer James Colman in 1882 for the Oregon Improvement Company's coal bunkers. It burned with most of the rest of the city in the Great Seattle Fire of 1889, but was quickly rebuilt.{{cite web |first1=Alan J. |last1=Stein |url=http://historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=7559 |title=Colman Clock (Seattle) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711171525/http://historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=7559 |archive-date=July 11, 2011 |website=HistoryLink |date=December 4, 2005 |access-date=October 18, 2008 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |first1=Paul |last1=Dorpat |url=http://historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=2474 |title=Seattle Central Waterfront Tour, Part 4: From Mosquito Fleet to Ferry System at Colman Dock |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711171547/http://historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=2474 |archive-date=July 11, 2011 |website=HistoryLink |date=May 24, 2000 |access-date=October 18, 2008 |url-status=live}} In 1908, Colman extended the dock to a total length of {{convert|705|ft|m}}{{Harvnb|Thomas Street History Services|2006|p=19}}. and added a domed waiting room and a {{convert|72|ft|m|adj=on}} clocktower. This expansion was designed by the Seattle architectural firm Beezer Brothers.{{cite web |last1=MacIntosh |first1=Heather M. |title=Beezer Brothers Architecture |url=https://www.historylink.org/file/122 |website=historylink.org |access-date=December 6, 2022 |date=October 28, 1998}}
Colman also set up a company, the Colman Dock Company, to conduct the dock's business affairs.{{Harvard citation no brackets|Kline|Bayless|1983|pp=84, 135, 146, 160, 182, 240–44, 303, 310}} Following the merger of the La Conner Transportation Company, headed by Joshua Green (1869–1975), with the Puget Sound Navigation Company (PSN), headed by Charles E. Peabody (1857–1926) the Colman Dock Company, and the Colman Dock itself, came under PSN control. In 1910, PSN was approaching monopoly control over the inland steamship routes of western Washington, with the company's most serious challenger being the Kitsap County Transportation Company (KCTC), headed by Kitsap County businessman Warren L. Gazzam (1864–1961). The rivalry between the two companies became almost a personal matter between Green and Gazzam. In 1910, Green, having obtained control of Colman Dock, and engaged in a rate war with KCTC, ordered KCTC not to land its boats at Colman Dock. KCTC then moved several piers north, to the Galbraith, Bacon dock.
File:Steamers at the Colman Dock, ca. 1910 - DPLA - b0c27c2e7d40410c04d231548a4eeece (page 1).jpg in the early 1910s]]
Colman Dock was seriously damaged when, on the night of April 25, 1912, the steel-hulled ship Alameda accidentally set its engines "full speed ahead" instead of reversing, and slammed into the dock. The dock tower fell into the bay and the sternwheeler Telegraph was sunk. The clock was salvaged, as was the Telegraph, and the dock was reconstructed with a new tower. No one died in the Alameda accident, but a less dramatic accident the following month proved fatal. On May 19, 1912, a gangplank collapsed as passengers were boarding the Black Ball steamer Flyer. At least 60 people fell into the water. One woman and one child died.{{cite web |first1=Daryl C. |last1=McClary |url=http://historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=7258 |title=Colman Dock (Seattle) gangplank failure dunks passengers boarding steamer Flyer, injuring 58 and drowning two, on May 19, 1912. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711171757/http://historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=7258 |archive-date=July 11, 2011 |website=HistoryLink |date=February 24, 2005 |access-date=October 18, 2008 |url-status=live}}
In 1917, Colman Dock was owned and operated by Colman Dock Company, with B. P. Morgan as manager. Colman Dock was the terminal of the Puget Sound Navigation Company, the Merchants Transportation Company, and several Puget Sound shipping lines. Colman Dock measured {{convert|700|by|115|ft}}, with {{convert|1400|ft}} of berthing space. In 1917 an overhead walk (still in existence in 1983) led from the Seattle business district to the waiting room, from which most of the Puget Sound steamship passenger traffic originated. There were also adjustable passenger gangplanks and adjustable freight slips. In 1917 Colman Dock was equipped with a Barlow marine elevator. Colman Dock could accommodate 14 Puget Sound steamboats at one time. There were offices on the north side of the overhead walk.
In the mid-1930s Puget Sound Navigation Company modernized Colman Dock, using an Art Deco style that matched their streamlined signature ferry {{MV|Kalakala}}.
In 1935, Colman Dock became the Seattle terminal for what had been the Alki–Manchester ferry when the dock at Alki Point washed out.
In 1951, Washington State bought out PSNC and took over the ferry system. The state paid $500,000 for the ferry terminal at Colman Dock.
Work on the present terminal began a decade later; there have been several reconfigurations and modernizations since. The very month that the state ferry terminal opened, it was the subject of another accident. The Kalakala, which had recently been voted Seattle's second biggest attraction after the then-new Space Needle,{{cite web |url=http://www.kalakala.org/history/timeline.html |title=Kalakala Timeline |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027115952/http://www.kalakala.org/history/timeline.html |archive-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Kalakala Alliance Foundation |access-date=October 19, 2008}} rammed the terminal February 21, 1966. Though dramatic, the damage proved not to be severe. The ferry needed only minor repairs and was back in service the next day. Repairs to the slip cost $80,000 and took two months to complete.{{cite web |first1=Alan J. |last1=Stein |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3045 |title=Ferry Kalakala rams new Seattle Ferry Terminal on February 21, 1966. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726151817/http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3045 |archive-date=July 26, 2011 |website=HistoryLink |date=March 4, 2001 |access-date=October 19, 2008 |url-status=live}}
The clock from the old Colman Dock tower, dunked into the bay in the 1912 Alameda accident and removed in the 1936 renovation, was rediscovered (lying in pieces) in 1976, purchased by the Port of Seattle in 1985, restored, given as a gift to the Washington State Department of Transportation, and reinstalled on the present Colman Dock on May 18, 1985.
=Redevelopment=
The first phase of the new terminal building opened on September 15, 2019.{{cite news |last=Pilling |first=Nathan |date=September 14, 2019 |title=New ferry terminal opens at Colman Dock Sunday |url=https://www.kitsapsun.com/story/news/2019/09/14/new-ferry-terminal-opens-colman-dock-sunday/2316048001/ |work=Kitsap Sun |access-date=September 18, 2019}} The remainder of the {{convert|20,000|sqft|sqm|adj=mid}} main building was opened in November 2022 and can hold up to 1,900 passengers in the waiting area, which has 362 seats and twelve turnstiles.{{cite news |last=Zhou |first=Amanda |date=November 18, 2022 |title=Seattle's new ferry terminal at Colman Dock opens with upgrades |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/seattles-new-ferry-terminal-at-colman-dock-opens-with-upgrades/ |work=The Seattle Times |accessdate=December 7, 2022}}{{cite press release |date=November 18, 2022 |title=Flagship state ferry terminal building opens on Seattle waterfront – just in time for Thanksgiving travel |url=https://wsdot.wa.gov/about/news/2022/flagship-state-ferry-terminal-building-opens-seattle-waterfront-just-time-thanksgiving-travel |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |accessdate=December 7, 2022}} The entry building along Alaskan Way was opened on August 3, 2023, with plans for a grab-and-go retail counter and other vendor spaces to open at a later date. The Colman Dock expansion added {{convert|50,000|sqft|sqm}} of new indoor space, which was re-oriented to face the water, and cost $489 million to construct.{{cite news |last=Pilling |first=Nathan |date=August 2, 2023 |title=Seattle's Colman Dock ferry terminal to open new entry building, plaza after $489M overhaul |url=https://www.kitsapsun.com/story/news/traffic/2023/08/02/washington-state-ferries-colman-dock-terminal-building-seattle-construction/70517054007/ |work=Kitsap Sun |accessdate=August 3, 2023}}{{cite news |last=Kroman |first=David |date=August 2, 2023 |title=Seattle's new Colman Dock ready to open |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/seattles-new-colman-dock-ready-to-open/ |work=The Seattle Times |accessdate=August 3, 2023}}
The pedestrian bridge, built parallel to Marion Street at the site of the former overpass, began construction in July 2022 and is scheduled to be completed in September 2023. The concrete bridge is {{convert|110|ft|m}} long and {{convert|16|ft|m}} wide, supported by a series of Y-shaped columns.{{cite news |date=August 4, 2022 |title=Firm foundation forming for new Marion Street pedestrian bridge |url=https://www.djc.com/news/co/12150387.html |work=Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce |url-access=subscription |accessdate=January 24, 2023}} The new bridge is expected to cost $6.3 million with funding from WSDOT and the city government. A section of the former bridge along the north side of the Commuter Building was demolished in late 2020 following the opening of a temporary bridge above Western Avenue and Columbia Street.{{cite news |last=Minnick |first=Benjamin |date=July 19, 2022 |title=City starts new Marion Street pedestrian bridge |url=https://www.djc.com/news/co/12150000.html |work=Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce |url-access=subscription |accessdate=January 24, 2023}}
The plazas at Colman Dock were given indigenous Lushootseed names suggested by local tribes that were approved by the Washington State Transportation Commission in June 2023. The north plaza at Columbia Street, ʔulułali, was named by the Suquamish Tribe for a term meaning "a place of traveling water"; the south plaza at Yesler Way, sluʔwił, was named by the Muckleshoot Tribe for "a canoe pass".{{cite news |last=Rhodes |first=Diane |date=June 27, 2023 |title=New flagship ferry terminal restores salmon habitat, honors tribal history |url=https://www.djc.com/news/co/12158178.html |work=Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce |accessdate=March 14, 2025}}{{cite web |date=June 21, 2023 |title=Resolution No. 748 |url=https://wstc.wa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-0621-Resolution748-1.pdf |publisher=Washington State Transportation Commission |accessdate=March 14, 2025}} Signage at both plazas was installed in March 2025.{{cite news |last=Nevey |first=Steve |date=March 13, 2025 |title=WSF Weekly Update |url=https://wsdot.wa.gov/travel/washington-state-ferries/about-us/weekly-update |publisher=Washington State Ferries |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250315063055/https://wsdot.wa.gov/travel/washington-state-ferries/about-us/weekly-update |archive-date=March 15, 2025 |accessdate=March 14, 2025}}
Service
Two automobile ferry routes currently depart from Colman Dock: the Seattle–Bainbridge Island ferry and the Seattle–Bremerton ferry. The terminal building can hold 1,900 people and the outdoor queueing area has space for 611 vehicles.
Two passenger-only ferry systems, the King County Water Taxi and Kitsap Fast Ferries, operate out of a separate facility at Pier 50 on the south side of Colman Dock. The water taxi serves West Seattle and Vashon Island, while the Fast Ferries serve Bremerton and Kingston. From 2017 to 2019, passenger ferries used a temporary passenger-only dock at the north side of Pier 52.{{cite web|title=Water Taxi resumes service following move|url=http://www.kingcounty.gov/depts/transportation/news/2017/20170811-Water-Taxi-resumes.aspx|website=kingcounty.gov|access-date=August 21, 2017 | date = August 11, 2017}} The new Pier 50 facility opened on August 12, 2019, with a covered waiting area that can hold 500 people. A pedestrian overpass opened in 2020 that connects it to the Washington State Ferries facility.{{cite news |last=Minnick |first=Benjamin |date=August 13, 2019 |title=New passenger-only ferry terminal opens on Pier 50 near Colman Dock |url=https://www.djc.com/news/co/12124376.html |work=Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce |access-date=August 15, 2019}}
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
- {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SS8ZAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Port+Angeles%22+Waterhouse&pg=PA24 |editor-last=Beaton |editor-first=Welford |title=Frank Waterhouse & Company's Pacific Ports: A Commercial Geography |year=1917 |access-date=June 9, 2011 |via=Google Books}}
- {{cite book |last1=Kline |first1=Mary S. |last2=Bayless |first2=G.A. |title=Ferryboats -- A Legend on Puget Sound |publisher=Bayless Books |location=Seattle |year=1983 |isbn=0-914515-00-4}}
- {{cite book |editor-last=Newell |editor-first=Gordon R. |title=H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest |publisher=Superior Publishing Co. |location=Seattle |year=1966}}
- {{cite report |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y-QlAQAAIAAJ&dq=Neah+Bay+Dock+Company&pg=RA2-PA201 |title=State of Washington, Third Annual Report of the Public Service Commission of Washington to the Governor (covering the period from Dec. 1, 1912 to Nov. 30, 1913) |volume=3 |page=199 |publisher=Frank M. Lamborn, Public Printer |location=Olympia |year=1913 |access-date=June 9, 2011 |via=Google Books}}
- {{citation
| last =Thomas Street History Services
| date =November 2006
| title =Context Statement: The Central Waterfront
| place =Seattle
| publisher =The Historic Preservation Program, Department of Neighborhoods, City of Seattle
| url =https://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/Neighborhoods/HistoricPreservation/HistoricResourcesSurvey/context-waterfront.pdf
| access-date =January 23, 2019
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20211229001436/https://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/Neighborhoods/HistoricPreservation/HistoricResourcesSurvey/context-waterfront.pdf
| archive-date =December 29, 2021
| url-status =live
}}