Colombian four-eyed frog

{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Pleurodema brachyops.jpg

| status = LC

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=Enrique La Marca, Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor, Robert Reynolds, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues, Abraham Mijares, Ross MacCulloch |date=2010 |title=Pleurodema brachyops |volume=2010 |page=e.T57283A11599287 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T57283A11599287.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}

| taxon = Pleurodema brachyops

| authority = (Cope, 1869)

| synonyms =

}}

The Colombian four-eyed frog (Pleurodema brachyops; in Spanish: sapito lipon) is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae.

It is found in an area stretching from Guyana and northern Brazil (Roraima state) through Venezuela (including Isla Margarita) and Colombia into Panama as well as the Dutch Caribbean.{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Leptodactylidae/Leiuperinae/Pleurodema/Pleurodema-brachyops |title=Pleurodema brachyops (Cope, 1869) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=6 April 2014}}

The common name "four-eyed frog" refers to two inguinal poison glands that resemble eyes.{{cite web | url=http://www.conservacionpatagonica.org/blog/2012/11/16/species-profile-four-eyed-frog/ | title=Species profile: four-eyed frog | publisher=Conservacion Patagonic | date=2012-11-16 | accessdate=9 January 2014}} When threatened, the frog lowers its head and raises its rear. When the frog adopts this posture, the poison glands are also raised toward the predator. The predator may also confuse the frog's raised posterior for the head of a larger animal.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzxVvKmrtIgC | title=Biology of Amphibians | publisher=JHU Press | author=Duellman, William E. | year=1994 | location=Baltimore | pages=670 | isbn=9780801847806}}

The natural habitat of the Colombian four-eyed frog is open savanna and grassland. It is a very common species. While these frogs use ephemeral or permanent small water pools for breeding, they can be found far from water. During the dry season, they hide in the soil and emerge when the rains start.