Comilla

File:Shalbanbihar.png

The Comilla region was once under the reign of Gangaridai and Samatata in ancient period.

This district came under the reign of the kings of the Harikela in the ninth century AD. Lalmai Mainamati was ruled by the Deva dynasty (eighth century AD) and Chandra dynasty (during the 10th and mid-11th century AD). In 1732, it became the centre of the Bengal-backed domain of Jagat Manikya.{{cite book |last=Kilikhar |first=Bidhas Kanti |date=1995 |title=Tripura of the 18th Century with Samsher Gazi Against Feudalism: A Historical Study |location=Agartula |publisher=Chhapa Kathi, Tripura State Tribal Cultural Research Institute and Museum |page=55 |oclc=39290375}}

The Peasants' Movement against the king of Tripura in 1764, which originally formed under the leadership of Shamsher Gazi is a notable historical event in Comilla.{{cite book |last=Nawaz |first=Ali |year=2012 |chapter=Shamsher Gazi |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Shamsher_Gazi |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}} It came under the rule of East India Company in 1765. This district was established as the Tripura district in 1790. It was renamed Comilla in 1960.

Communal tension spread over Comilla when a Muslim was shot in the town during the partition of Bengal in 1905. On 21 November 1921, Kazi Nazrul Islam composed patriotic songs and tried to awaken the townspeople by protesting the Prince of Wales's visit to India.{{cite book |last=Islam |first=Rafiqul |year=2012 |chapter=Islam, Kazi Nazrul |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Islam,_Kazi_Nazrul |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}} During this time, Avay Ashram, as a revolutionary institution, played a significant role. Poet Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi visited Comilla at that time. In 1931, approximately 4000 peasants in Mohini village in Chauddagram Upazila revolted against a land revenue tax. The British Gurkha soldiers fired indiscriminately on the crowd, killing four people.{{cite book |last=Siddiqi |first=Mamun |year=2003 |chapter=Comilla District |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Noakhali_Sadar_Upazila |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=First |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |quote=During this time Avaya Ashram, as a revolutionary institution, played significant role. Poet Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi visited Comilla at that time. In 1931, the British Gurkha soldiers fired indiscriminately and killed four persons of village Mohini of Chauddagram Upazila when about four thousand peasants of this village revolted against paying land revenue.}} In a major peasant gathering, the police fired at Hasnabad of Laksam Upazila in 1932. Two people were killed and many were wounded. Comilla Victoria Government College in the city was named in memory of Queen Victoria. The main meaning of the context is that the people of Comilla have always maintained good relations and harmonized with others.https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2398721153683156&id=1671913669697245 {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}

Comilla Cantonment is an important military base and the oldest in East Bengal. It was widely used by the British Indian Army during World War II. It was the headquarter of the British 14th Army. There is a war cemetery, Maynamati War Cemetery,{{cite book |title=Whitaker's Cumulative Book List |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=35sHAQAAIAAJ |year=1961 |publisher=J. Whitaker |page=146}} in Comilla that was established after World War II to remember the Allied soldiers who died during World War I and II, mostly from Commonwealth states and the United States. There are a number of Japanese soldiers buried there as well, from the Second World War.{{Cite web |date=22 November 2004 |title=Japan-Bangladesh E-Bulletin (13th issue / November 22nd, 2004 |url=https://www.bd.emb-japan.go.jp/en/eBulletin/13e-bulletin221104.html |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=Embassy of Japan in Bangladesh}}

File:বাংলাদেশের সামরিক (১৯৬৭-১৯৭১) পরিকল্পনা.png

During the war for the liberation of Bangladesh, when Pakistan Army created the 39th ad hoc Division in mid-November, from the 14th Division units deployed in those areas, to hold on to the Comilla and Noakhali districts, and the 14th Division was tasked to defend the Sylhet and Brahmanbaria areas only.Salik, Siddiq, Witness to Surrender, pp126 Pakistan Army's 93,000 troops unconditionally surrendered to the Joint Coalition forces on 16 December 1971.{{Cite news|url=http://www.ssbtosuccess.com/vijay-diwas-16th-december/|title=Why Do India Celebrate 'Vijay Diwas' On 16th December|author=|date=17 December 2017|work=SSBToSuccess|access-date=18 December 2017|language=en-US}} This day and event is commemorated as the Bijoy Dibos ({{langx|bn|বিজয় দিবস}}) in Bangladesh.{{cite web |url=http://liberationwarmuseum.org/about-us |title=About us |website=Liberation War Museum |access-date=21 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108013543/http://www.liberationwarmuseum.org/about-us |archive-date=8 November 2011 }}

File:গোমতী নদী, কুমিল্লা.jpg

Comilla is bounded by Burichang Upazila and Tripura on the north, Laksam and Chauddagram on the south, and Barura Upazila on the west. The major rivers that pass through Comilla include Gomoti River{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Comilla|volume=6|page=763}} and Little Feni.

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| location = Comilla (1991–2020, extremes 1883-present)

| Jan record high C = 31.0

| Feb record high C = 34.0

| Mar record high C = 36.0

| Apr record high C = 41.8

| May record high C = 37.5

| Jun record high C = 37.0

| Jul record high C = 37.0

| Aug record high C = 36.8

| Sep record high C = 37.0

| Oct record high C = 36.5

| Nov record high C = 34.8

| Dec record high C = 32.0

| year record high C = 41.8

| Jan high C = 25.9

| Feb high C = 28.6

| Mar high C = 31.1

| Apr high C = 32.2

| May high C = 32.5

| Jun high C = 31.8

| Jul high C = 31.1

| Aug high C = 31.4

| Sep high C = 31.9

| Oct high C = 31.7

| Nov high C = 30.0

| Dec high C = 27.1

| year high C = 30.4

| Jan mean C = 18.0

| Feb mean C = 21.3

| Mar mean C = 25.0

| Apr mean C = 27.2

| May mean C = 28.0

| Jun mean C = 28.3

| Jul mean C = 28.2

| Aug mean C = 28.4

| Sep mean C = 28.2

| Oct mean C = 27.1

| Nov mean C = 23.5

| Dec mean C = 19.4

| year mean C = 25.2

| Jan low C = 12.1

| Feb low C = 15.6

| Mar low C = 19.9

| Apr low C = 22.8

| May low C = 24.3

| Jun low C = 25.5

| Jul low C = 25.7

| Aug low C = 25.7

| Sep low C = 25.4

| Oct low C = 23.7

| Nov low C = 18.7

| Dec low C = 13.8

| year low C = 21.1

| Jan record low C = 5.3

| Feb record low C = 8.5

| Mar record low C = 12.0

| Apr record low C = 15.4

| May record low C = 18.5

| Jun record low C = 21.5

| Jul record low C = 20.2

| Aug record low C = 22.6

| Sep record low C = 21.2

| Oct record low C = 18.0

| Nov record low C = 11.8

| Dec record low C = 7.8

| year record low C = 5.3

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 8

| Feb precipitation mm = 23

| Mar precipitation mm = 63

| Apr precipitation mm = 138

| May precipitation mm = 314

| Jun precipitation mm = 378

| Jul precipitation mm = 432

| Aug precipitation mm = 290

| Sep precipitation mm = 247

| Oct precipitation mm = 156

| Nov precipitation mm = 35

| Dec precipitation mm = 13

| year precipitation mm = 2097

| unit precipitation days = 1 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 1

| Feb precipitation days = 2

| Mar precipitation days = 4

| Apr precipitation days = 8

| May precipitation days = 15

| Jun precipitation days = 18

| Jul precipitation days = 21

| Aug precipitation days = 20

| Sep precipitation days = 17

| Oct precipitation days = 9

| Nov precipitation days = 2

| Dec precipitation days = 1

| year precipitation days = 118

|Jan humidity = 77

|Feb humidity = 75

|Mar humidity = 77

|Apr humidity = 81

|May humidity = 82

|Jun humidity = 86

|Jul humidity = 87

|Aug humidity = 86

|Sep humidity = 86

|Oct humidity = 84

|Nov humidity = 80

|Dec humidity = 79

|year humidity =

| Jan sun = 211.7

| Feb sun = 218.4

| Mar sun = 242.5

| Apr sun = 231.0

| May sun = 213.0

| Jun sun = 167.9

| Jul sun = 164.3

| Aug sun = 173.8

| Sep sun = 175.1

| Oct sun = 220.5

| Nov sun = 239.2

| Dec sun = 215.2

| year sun = 2472.6

| source 1 = NOAA{{cite web

|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Bangladesh/CSV/Comilla_41933.csv

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Comilla

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = June 13, 2024}}

|source 2 = Bangladesh Meteorological Department (humidity 1981–2010){{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224171550/http://bmd.gov.bd/file/2016/08/17/pdf/21827.pdf | archive-date = 24 December 2018 | url = http://bmd.gov.bd/file/2016/08/17/pdf/21827.pdf | title = Climate of Bangladesh | publisher = Bangladesh Meteorological Department | access-date = 24 December 2018}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181224172119/http://bmd.gov.bd/file/2016/08/17/pdf/52.pdf

| archive-date = 24 December 2018

| url = http://www.bmd.gov.bd/?/p/=Monthly-Humidity-Normal-Data

| title = Normal Monthly Humidity

| publisher = Bangladesh Meteorological Department

| access-date = 24 December 2018}}

}}

Comilla has a number of tourist attractions. Various archaeological relics discovered in the district, especially from the seventh–eighth centuries, are now preserved in the Mainamati Museum.{{cite book |last=Huntington |first=Susan L. |date=1984 |title=The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLA3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR26 |publisher=Brill Archive |page=xxvi |isbn=978-90-04-06856-8}} There is a World War II war cemetery in Comilla, which is protected and maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.{{cite web | url=https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/107700/maynamati-war-cemetery/ | title=Maynamati War Cemetery | Cemetery Details }}

Comilla Victorians is a professional cricket team based in Comilla and is the most successful franchise in the Bangladesh Premier League.{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-premier-league-2015-16/engine/records/team/series_results.html?id=159&type=trophy|title=Cricket Records {{!}} Bangladesh Premier League {{!}} Records {{!}} Series results |website=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=22 July 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-premier-league-2015-16/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?id=159;type=trophy|title=Cricket Records {{!}} Bangladesh Premier League {{!}} Records {{!}} Result summary|website=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=22 July 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910063838/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh-premier-league-2015-16/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?id=159%3Btype%3Dtrophy|archive-date=10 September 2016|df=dmy-all}}

Comilla is controlled by the Comilla City Corporation. It has 27 wards.{{cite web|url=http://cocc.gov.bd/about-cocc/history/|title=History|website=Comilla City Corporation|access-date=22 August 2016|archive-date=18 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118112643/http://cocc.gov.bd/about-cocc/history/|url-status=dead}}

{{bar box

|title=Religions in Comilla City Corp. (2022)

|titlebar=#Fcd116

|left1=Religion

|right1=Percent

|float=left

|bars=

{{bar percent|Islam|green|91.96}}

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|7.75}}

{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.29}}

}}

As of 2022 census results, Comilla City Corporation had 101,245 households and a population of 440,233. 17.63% of the population was under 10 years of age. Comilla had a literacy rate of 87.28% for those 7 years and older and a sex ratio of 100.68 males per 100 females.{{Cite book |url=http://nsds.bbs.gov.bd/storage/files/1/Publications/PHCensus/Chattaogram/District%20Report%20Cumilla%20Full.pdf |title=Population and Housing Census 2022 - District Report: Comilla |date=June 2024 |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |isbn=978-984-475-284-9 |series=District Series |location=Dhaka |pages=}}

File:Dhaka Chittagong Highway.jpg

One of the oldest highways of the Indian subcontinent, 'The Grand Trunk Road', passes through the city. The Dhaka–Chittagong Highway bypasses the city from the cantonment to Shuagaji through Poduar Bazar.{{cite book |last1=Leung |first1=Mikey|last2=Meggitt |first2=Belinda |date=2012|title=Bangladesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdkILWIONLQC&pg=PA274 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |page=274 |isbn=978-1-84162-409-9}}

Comilla Airport is a public-use airport that is not in use for commercial travel.

Daily newspapers published in Comilla include Comillar Kagoj, Daily Amader Comilla, Shiranam, and Rupasi Bangla, established in 1972. Amod, founded in 1955, is the city's oldest weekly newspaper.{{cite web |url=http://www.comilla.gov.bd/site/page/122b413f-2144-11e7-8f57-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE |script-title=bn:পত্র পত্রিকা |trans-title=Periodicals |language=bn |website=Comilla District |publisher=Bangladesh National Portal}}{{cite web |url=http://www.abyznewslinks.com/bangl.htm |title=Bangladesh Newspapers and News Media Guide |website=ABYZ News Links}}

{{Main|List of people from Comilla}}

{{alumni|residents|date=February 2022}}

• Kazi Zafar Ahmed, Prime Minister
• Iqbal Karim Bhuiyan, General (Retired), 15th Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army
• Kamrul Ahsan: Secretary to the Government and now serving as Bangladesh Ambassador to Russia. Earlier served as High Commissioner to Canada and Singapore.
• Buddhadeb Bosu, Bengali poet, novelist, translator, editor, and essayist
• S. D. Burman, Indian singer, composer and music director, was born in Comilla in 1906.{{cite news |last=Sarma |first=Ramya |date=3 September 2013 |title=The magic in the music |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-magic-in-the-music/article5086264.ece |work=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905192857/https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-magic-in-the-music/article5086264.ece |archive-date=2013-09-05}}
• Sabitri Chatterjee Indian Actress,was born in Comilla in 1937
• Shib Narayan Das, member of BLF. One of the designers of the first flag of Bangladesh.
• Shaheed Dhirendranath Datta was ex-Minister of Law, Language movement activist and Shaheed of 1971.
• Major Abdul Gani, organizer of the First East Bengal Regiment
• Kazi Nazrul Islam, resided at Comilla
• Abdul Kadir, poet, researcher and editor
• Mustafa Kamal served as president of the International Cricket Council. He is a member of the Jatiya Sangsad representing the Comilla-10 constituency and is a former Minister for Planning and former Minister of Finance.
• Shaukat Mahmood, senior journalist and editor of Weekly Economic Times. Elected president of National Press Club.
• Abdul Matin Patwari, former vice-chancellor, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) and former director general, IUT
• Reba Rakshit, bodybuilder and circus performer, was born in Comilla in the early 1930s.{{cite news |script-title=bn:দেবী চৌধুরানি |trans-title=Devi Choudhurani |url=https://anandabazar-unicode.appspot.com/proxy?p=archive/1101025/25karcha.htm |work=Anandabazar Patrika |date=25 October 2010 |language=bn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222204740/https://anandabazar-unicode.appspot.com/proxy?p=archive/1101025/25karcha.htm |archive-date=2014-02-22}}
• Bidya Sinha Saha Mim, National Film Award winner actress
• Ayman Sadik, Founder of 10 Minute School
• Biplob Bhattacharjee, former Bangladesh national team footballer
• Asif Nazrul, an adviser to the interim government of Bangladesh

• List of educational institutions in Comilla District

• Upazilas of Bangladesh
• Districts of Bangladesh
• Divisions of Bangladesh
• Upazila
• Thana

{{Reflist}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Cumilla}}
• [http://cocc.gov.bd City Corporation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815102829/http://cocc.gov.bd/ |date=15 August 2016 }}

{{Geographic location

|title = Destinations from Comilla

|Northwest = Narayanganj

|North = Brahmanbaria

|Northeast = (India)

|West = Chandpur

|Centre = Comilla

|East = (India)

|Southwest = Lakshmipur

|South = Noakhali

|Southeast = Feni

}}

{{Bangladesh cities}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:History of Tripura

Category:8th-century establishments

Category:Populated places in Cumilla District