Commentry
{{distinguish|commentary (disambiguation)}}
{{Expand French|topic=geo|date=December 2008|Commentry}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Commentry
|commune status = Commune
|image = Hôtel de Ville de Commentry.JPG
|caption = Town hall
|image coat of arms = Blason de la ville de Commentry (03).svg
|arrondissement = Montluçon
|canton = Commentry
|INSEE = 03082
|postal code = 03600
|term = 2020–2026
|intercommunality = Commentry Montmarault Néris Communauté
|coordinates = {{coord|46.2897|2.7422|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m = 385
|elevation min m = 332
|elevation max m = 462
|area km2 = 20.96
|population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
Commentry ({{IPA|fr|kɔmɑ̃tʁi}}; Auvergnat: Comentriac) is a commune in the department of Allier in central France. It lies {{Convert|42|mi|km|0}} southwest of Moulins in the valley of the Œil. It is within 8 km of one of the geographic centres of France. The film actress Yvonne Rozille (1900–1985) was born in Commentry.
Population
{{Historical populations
|align = none
|cols = 2
|percentages = pagr
|source = EHESS{{Cassini-Ehess|10024|Commentry}} and INSEE (1968-2017)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-03082#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE
|1793 |600
|1800 |498
|1806 |565
|1821 |601
|1831 |1277
|1836 |1126
|1841 |1424
|1846 |3015
|1851 |5465
|1856 |8484
|1861 |8582
|1866 |9978
|1872 |11698
|1876 |12978
|1881 |12416
|1886 |12515
|1891 |12618
|1896 |12632
|1901 |11169
|1906 |10205
|1911 |10112
|1921 |10256
|1926 |10089
|1931 |10136
|1936 |8827
|1946 |9119
|1954 |9259
|1962 |9711
|1968 |10026
|1975 |10043
|1982 |9195
|1990 |8021
|1999 |7204
|2007 |6803
|2012 |6592
|2017 |6239
|2020 |6100
}}
History
Commentry was home to Compagnie de Commentry-Fourchambault-Decazeville, thanks to an important coal deposit. The coal mine fueled a huge growth in population, from under 1,000 to more than 12,000, while Stéphane Mony was its CEO (1840–1884).{{in lang|fr}} L'Administration industrielle et générale par Henri Fayol {{ISBN|978-2-903628-09-3}} https://f-origin.hypotheses.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1931/files/2016/09/Fayol-1916.pdf
Commentry was the first commune ever to elect a socialist mayor: Christophe Thivrier was elected 6 June 1882.{{in lang|fr}} [http://centenaire.parti-socialiste.fr/article.php3%3Fid_article=264.html Election of the first socialist mayor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181126/http://centenaire.parti-socialiste.fr/article.php3?id_article=264.html |date=2016-03-03 }}
During the repression of January and February 1894, the police conducted raids targeting the anarchists living there, without much success.{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Les anarchistes |trans-title=The anarchists |work=La Dépêche |pages=2}}{{Cite journal |date=2 January 1894 |title=Deux mille perquisitions |journal=L'Estafette |pages=2}}{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Une série générale de perquisitions : résultat négatif des recherches |trans-title=A general series of raids: negative results |work=L'Éclair}}
The Socialist Party of France was founded in Commentry in September 1902.
Economy
Commentry gave its name to a coal field over 21 square kilometres in extent, and historically had important foundries and forges.{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Commentry|volume=6|page=766}}
Science
Charles Brongniart discovered many fossils near Commentry, including Meganeura in the Stephanian stage coal measures in 1880.
Personalities
- Jean Bayet (1882–1969) Professor of Latin Language and Literature at the Sorbonne, whose grandfather Gilbert Bayet was mayor of Commentry 1871–1873.
- Henri Fayol (1841–1925) mining engineer, developed Fayolism, an approach to management and administration.
- Abel Gance (1889–1981) film director and producer, raised by maternal grandparents in Commentry until the age of eight.
- Jacques Hillairet (1886-1984) historian specializing in the history of Paris, officer of the Legion of Honour.
- Émile Mâle (1862–1954) art historian and member of the Académie française.
- Stéphane Mony (1800–1884) Engineer, director of the colliery at Commentry; mayor from 1854 to 1883; deputy from 1868 to 1871.
- Christophe Thivrier (1841–1895) first elected Socialist mayor in France.
- Roger Vergé (1930–2015) Celebrated chef and restaurateur.
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See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{commons category}}
{{Allier communes}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Coal mining regions in France
Category:Mining communities in France
Category:Allier communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
{{Allier-geo-stub}}