Commissioner of Police (India)
{{Short description|Indian heads of the police force}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2024}}
File:Kiren Rijiju inspecting the guard of honour, during his visit to the Delhi Police Headquarters, in New Delhi on December 30, 2014. The Delhi Police Commissioner, Shri B.S. Bassi is also seen.jpg Kiren Rijiju inspecting the guard of honour, accompanied by CP Delhi, B.S. Bassi, in 2014]]
Commissioners of Police (also known as Police Commissioners) in India are IPS officers who head the police force in a police commissionerate. A police commissionerate can combine several adjoining districts under it. A Police Commissioner may or may not hold certain powers of the executive magistrate, contrary to the Superintendent of Police (SP) or Senior SP (SSP) in charge of a police district who depends on the district magistrate to issue orders. Commissioner of Police (CP) is a post that can be held by an IPS officer of the rank SP and above, depending upon the sanction provided by the respective state government (or in case of Delhi, by the Government of India).
History and description
Traditionally at the district level, the Superintendent of Police (SP) or Senior SP (SSP) maintains law and order by working with the District Magistrate (DM). Under the Commissioners of Police (CP) system, the state governments may or may not grant certain powers of the executive magistrate to the commissioner, contrary to the Superintendent of Police or Senior SP of a police district who depends on the district magistrate. For large metropolitan cities, the CP system is generally considered more suitable policing system. The commissioner is assisted by special commissioner, joint commissioner, additional commissioner, deputy commissioner, assistant commissioner of police.{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-is-the-commissionerate-system-recently-implemented-in-lucknow-noida-6214871/|title=Explained: What is a police commissionerate system|publisher=Indian Express|date=15 January 2020|accessdate=17 May 2021}}
The Commissionerates present in New Delhi, Chennai, Madurai, Coimbatore, and Kolkata can be considered true Commissionerates as they exercise the powers of the District Magistrate and the Executive Magistrate. The organisational structure of the police commissionerates varies state to state. For instance, the Police Commissioners of Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata report directly to the state government and not to the DGP. Similarly, in Kerala, the Commissioner of Police does not have magisterial powers.{{Cite journal |title=Impact of police commissionerates on police effectiveness and policing outcomes. |url=https://www.bprd.nic.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/202212280356389608596ImpactofPoliceCPEPO.pdf |journal=Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD), Government of India}}
= Commissionerates =
A Police Commissionerate's jurisdiction can consist of several adjoining districts. The Hyderabad City Police commissionerate since 1847 AD, established in the erstwhile Hyderabad State by the Nizams is the oldest police commissionerate in India.{{cite web |title=About us |url=https://hyderabadpolice.gov.in/AboutUs.html |publisher=Hyderabad City Police |access-date=25 May 2022}}{{cite web |title=Know your police station |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/who-will-control-law-and-order-in-hyderabad-after-formation-of-telangana/articleshow/26730958.cms?from=mdr |publisher=The Economic Times|date=2 December 2013|access-date=25 May 2022}} The British India government brought the CP system first to Kolkata and Chennai in 1856, and followed it in Mumbai in 1864.{{cite news |last=Narayanan |first=Vivek |date=11 October 2013 |title=From paddy fields to colonial houses |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Chennai |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/from-paddy-fields-to-colonial-houses/article5222395.ece?ref=sliderNews |access-date=31 May 2021}}{{cite news |last=Chaware |first=Dilip |date=24 November 2003 |title=How the city police slowly lost its glory |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/How-the-city-police-slowly-lost-its-glory/articleshow/298198.cms |access-date=31 May 2021}}{{cite web |title=The Empire At Its Zenith |url=http://www.kolkatapolice.gov.in/TheEmpireAtZenith.aspx |publisher=Kolkata Police}}
= Organisational structure =
The police commissionerate is headed by a Commissioner of Police (CP). The post of Commissioner of Police can be held by an IPS officer of the rank SP and above, depending upon the sanction provided by the respective state government (or, in the case of Delhi, by the Government of India). The commissioner of police is assisted by special, joint, additional, deputy, and assistant commissioners of police, sanctioned by the respective state government.{{Cite web |title=Organizational Structure {{!}} Pune City Police |url=https://admin.punepolice.gov.in/org |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=admin.punepolice.gov.in}} The organisation consists units like law and order, crimes, administration, armed reserve police, traffic police, special branch, security, etc. For the maintenance of law and order, there are police zones, divisions and sub divisions. Typically divisions are headed by deputy commissioners of police (DCPs), and sub divisions are headed by assistant commissioners of police (ACPs).
== Hierarchy ==
The hierarchy of posts in Police Commissionerate system of Delhi is as given below, Police Commissionerate system in other cities may not have one or more of these posts:-
- Commissioner of Police (CP) i.e. DGP equivalent
- Special Commissioner of Police (Spl.CP) i.e. ADG equivalent
- Joint Commissioner of Police (Jt. CP) i.e. IG equivalent
- Additional Commissioner of Police (Addl.CP) i.e. DIG equivalent
- Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) i.e. SSP or SP equivalent
- Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police (Addl.DCP) i.e. Addl. SP equivalent
- Assistant commissioner of police (ACP) i.e. DSP or ASP equivalent
The subordinate police officers' hierarchy in the Police Commissionerate system is the same as in a district police headed by a Senior SP/SP, including ranks such as police inspector, sub-inspector, assistant sub-inspector, head constable, and constable.IMPACT OF POLICE COMMISSIONERATES ON POLICE EFFECTIVENESS AND POLICING OUTCOMES ; Bureau of Police Research and Development Government of India.[https://www.bprd.nic.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/202212280356389608596ImpactofPoliceCPEPO.pdf]
List of commissioners of police
Following is the list of commissioners of police (CP) in India, along with their respective ranks (these ranks can vary from time to time):-
=[[Andhra Pradesh Police]]=
{{see also|Vijayawada City Police|Visakhapatnam City Police}}
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Commissioner of Police, Visakhapatnam |
Commissioner of Police, Vijayawada
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
=[[Assam Police]]=
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Commissioner of Police, Guwahati |
=[[Delhi Police]]=
File:Delhi Police Headquarters.jpg
{{main|Police Commissioner of Delhi}}
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Commissioner of Police, Delhi
|Director General of Police (DGP){{efn|The Delhi Police Commissioner, a Director General (DGP) rank officer, is the head of Delhi Police. This is the only case in India where a CP (Commissioner of Police) heads the police force of the whole state/UT.}} |{{Cite web|url=https://www.delhipolice.nic.in/sn_2.html|title=Delhi Police}} |
=[[Gujarat Police]]=
{{see also|Ahmedabad City Police}}
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Commissioner of Police, Ahmedabad
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Surat
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Rajkot
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Vadodara
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
=[[Haryana Police]]=
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Commissioner of Police, Gurugram
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Faridabad
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Panchkula
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
=[[Karnataka Police]]=
{{see also|Police Commissioner of Bangalore}}
=[[Kerala Police]]=
{{see also|Kochi City Police|Thiruvananthapuram City Police|Thrissur City Police|Kollam City Police|Kozhikode City Police|Kannur City Police}}
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! scope="col" style="width: 335px;" | Post {{Efn|In Kerala Police, the Commissioners of Police (CPs) are officially also known as the District Police Chiefs (DPCs) of the respective police districts. https://kollamcity.keralapolice.gov.in/who-is-who-kollam-city https://thrissurcity.keralapolice.gov.in/message/sri-ilango-r-ips}} ! scope="col" style="width: 335px;" | Rank ! scope="col" style="width: 30px;" | Reference |
Commissioner of Police, Thiruvananthapuram
|Inspector General of Police (IG) / Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |{{cite web|url=https://tvmcity.keralapolice.gov.in/|title=Thiruvananthapuram City Police}} |
Commissioner of Police, Kochi
|Inspector General of Police (IG) / Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |
Commissioner of Police, Kozhikode
| Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |
Commissioner of Police, Kollam City
|Superintendent of Police (SP) |
Commissioner of Police, Thrissur City
|Superintendent of Police (SP) |
Commissioner of Police, Kannur City
|Superintendent of Police (SP) |{{cite web|url=https://kannurcity.keralapolice.gov.in/page/who-is-who|title=Kannur City Police}} |
=[[Madhya Pradesh Police]]=
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Commissioner of Police, Bhopal
|Inspector General of Police (IGP) |
Commissioner of Police, Indore
|Inspector General of Police (IGP) |
=[[Maharashtra Police]]=
{{see also|Mumbai Police|Nagpur Police|Pune Police}}
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Commissioner of Police, Mumbai
|Director General of Police (DG){{efn|The posts of Commissioner of Police (CP) of Mumbai and DGP (Director general of police i.e. state police chief) of Maharashtra are held by two different officers, both of whom are of Director General (DGP) rank. The Mumbai CP is one of the few CPs in the country who does not report to the state DGP. Both Mumbai CP and Maharashtra DGP report to ACS (Additional Chief Secretary) of Home Department of Maharashtra, who is a senior IAS officer.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mahapolice.gov.in/dgps-of-maharashtra/|title=DGP's Of Maharashtra | Maharashtra State Police|website=www.mahapolice.gov.in}}}} |
Commissioner of Police, Pune
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Nagpur
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |{{Cite web|url=http://nagpurpolice.gov.in/|title=Nagpur Police|website=nagpurpolice.gov.in}} |
Commissioner of Police, Thane
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Navi Mumbai
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Nashik
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |{{cite web|url=https://nashikcitypolice.gov.in/commissioner_speak|title=Nashik City Police}} |
Commissioner of Police, Aurangabad
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |{{Cite web|url=http://aurangabadcitypolice.gov.in/mission.php|title=Aurangabad City Police}} |
Commissioner of Police, Mira-Bhayandar, Vasai-Virar (MBVV)
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Pimpri-Chinchwad
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Solapur
|Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |{{cite web|url=https://solapurcitypolice.gov.in/OfficersProfile|title=Solapur City Police}} |
Commissioner of Police, Amravati
|Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |
Commissioner of Police, Railways, Mumbai
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
=[[Nagaland Police]]=
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Commissioner of Police, Dimapur
|Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |
=[[Odisha Police]]=
File:Commissionerate Police HQ BBS-CTC.jpg
{{main|Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate}}
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Commissioner of Police, Bhubaneswar-Cuttack
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
=[[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]]=
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Commissioner of Police, Amritsar
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Ludhiana
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Jalandhar
|Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |{{cite web|url=http://www.jalandharpolice.gov.in|title=Jalandhar Police}} |
=[[Rajasthan Police]]=
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Commissioner of Police, Jaipur
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Jodhpur
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
=[[Tamil Nadu Police]]=
{{see also|Greater Chennai Police|Coimbatore City Police}}
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Commissioner of Police, Chennai
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Coimbatore
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Madurai
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Salem
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Tiruppur
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Tirunelveli
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Tiruchirappalli
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Avadi
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tambaram-avadi-police-commissionerates-get-new-officers-in-latest-reshuffle/articleshow/89212463.cms|title=Tambaram, Avadi police commissioner police commissionerates get new officers in latest reshuffle|website=The Times of India |date=30 January 2022 }} |
Commissioner of Police, Tambaram
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
=[[Telangana Police]]=
File:Police commissionerate.jpg
{{see also|Commissioner of Police, Hyderabad City|Cyberabad Metropolitan Police|Hyderabad City Police|Karimnagar Police Commissionerate|Nizamabad Police|Rachakonda commissionerate|Ramagundam Police Commissionerate|Siddipet Police Commissionerate|Warangal Police Commissionerate}}
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Commissioner of Police, Hyderabad City
|Director General of Police (DGP) |
Commissioner of Police, Cyberabad
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Karimnagar
|Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |
Commissioner of Police, Nizamabad
|Superintendent of Police (SP) |
Commissioner of Police, Khammam
|Superintendent of Police (SP) |{{cite web|url=https://khammam.telangana.gov.in/divisions/division-2-title/|title=Khammam City}} |
Commissioner of Police, Rachakonda
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Ramagundam
|Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |
Commissioner of Police, Siddipet
|Superintendent of Police (SP) |
Commissioner of Police, Warangal
|Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |
=[[Uttar Pradesh Police]]=
{{see also|Lucknow Police|Kanpur Nagar Police Commissionerate|Varanasi Police Commissionerate|Gautam Buddh Nagar Police Commissionerate|Page 4=|Ghaziabad Police Commissionerate|Agra Police Commissionerate|Prayagraj Police Commissionerate}}
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Commissioner of Police, Lucknow
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Kanpur
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Agra
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Gautam Buddha Nagar
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
Commissioner of Police, Ghaziabad
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Prayagraj Police Commissionerate
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Varanasi
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG) |
=[[West Bengal Police]]=
{{see also|Kolkata Police}}
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Commissioner of Police, Asansol-Durgapur
|Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |{{Cite web|url=http://asansoldurgapurpolice.in/|title=ASANSOL-DURGAPUR POLICE COMMISSIONERATE}} |
Commissioner of Police, Siliguri
|Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |
Commissioner of Police, Kolkata
|Additional Director General of Police (ADG){{Efn|Kolkata Police functions independently of the West Bengal Police, and its Commissioner of Police reports directly to the Home and Hill Affairs Department of the Government of West Bengal. The Kolkata CP is one of the few CPs in the country who does not report to the state DGP. Both Kolkata CP and WB DGP report to ACS (Additional Chief Secretary) of Home Department of West Bengal, who is a senior IAS officer.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mahapolice.gov.in/dgps-of-maharashtra/|title=DGP's Of Maharashtra | Maharashtra State Police|website=www.mahapolice.gov.in}}}} |
Commissioner of Police, Howrah
|Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |{{Cite web|url=https://howrahcitypolice.in/|title=Home|website=howrahcitypolice.in}} |
Commissioner of Police, Chandannagar
|Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) |
Commissioner of Police, Bidhannagar
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
Commissioner of Police, Barrackpore
|Inspector General of Police (IG) |
States and UTs without CP
The following police forces in India do not have Police Commissionerate (i.e. Commissioner of Police or CP) system:-
=States=
- Arunachal Pradesh Police
- Bihar Police
- Chhattisgarh Police
- Goa Police
- Himachal Pradesh Police
- Jharkhand Police
- Manipur Police
- Meghalaya Police
- Mizoram Police
- Sikkim Police
- Tripura Police
- Uttarakhand Police
Among the 10 most populous states of India, only Bihar (3rd most populous) does not have CP system in any of its cities.
=Union territories=
=Largest cities without CP=
Among the Indian cities having population above 1.5 million (2011 Census), the only city which does not have CP system is Patna.{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Provisional Census data | publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=7 May 2012}}
See also
Notes
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References
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