Login
Login

Comparison of commercial battery types

{{Short description|none}}

This is a list of commercially-available battery types summarizing some of their characteristics for ready comparison.

Common characteristics

{{sticky header}}

class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi"

! rowspan="3"|Cell chemistry

! rowspan="3"|Also known as

! colspan="3"|Electrode

! rowspan="3"|Re­charge­able

! rowspan="2"|Com­mercial­ized

! colspan="3"|Voltage

! colspan="2"|Energy density

! rowspan="2"|Specific power

! rowspan="2"|Cost{{ref|cost|†}}

! rowspan="2"|Discharge efficiency

! rowspan="2"|Self-discharge rate

! rowspan="2"|Shelf life

rowspan="2"|Anode

! rowspan="2" |Electro­lyte

! rowspan="2" |Cathode

! Cutoff

! Nominal

! 100% SOC

! by mass

! by volume

style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="numeric"|year

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="numeric"|V

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="numeric"|V

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="numeric"|V

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="numeric"|MJ/kg
(Wh/kg)

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="numeric"|MJ/L
(Wh/L)

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="numeric"|W/kg

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="numeric"|Wh/$
($/kWh)

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="numeric"|%

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="numeric"|%/month

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="numeric"|years

Lead–acid

| SLA
VRLA
PbAc

| Lead

|H2SO4

| Lead dioxide

| {{yes}}

| 1881{{cite web|url=http://www.mpoweruk.com/specifications/comparisons.pdf |title=mpoweruk.com: Accumulator and battery comparisons (pdf) |date= |accessdate=2016-02-28}}

| 1.75{{cite web|title=All About Batteries, Part 3: Lead-Acid Batteries|url=http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1320644|accessdate=2016-02-26}}

| 2.1

| 2.23–2.32

| {{nowrap|{{convert|30

40|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}}}

| {{nowrap|{{convert|60

75|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}}}

| 180

| {{WhCost|7

18|Wh/$|2014}}

| 50–92

| 3–20

|

Zinc–carbon

| Carbon–zinc

| rowspan="7" | Zinc

|NH4Cl

| Manganese (IV) oxide

| {{no}}

| 1898{{cite web|title=All About Batteries, Part 5: Carbon Zinc Batteries|url=http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1321416|accessdate=2016-02-26}}

| 0.75–0.9

| 1.5

|

| {{convert|36|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| {{convert|92|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| 10–27

| {{WhCost|3.2|Wh/$|2014}}

| 50–60

| 0.32

| 3–5{{cite web|title=Energizer Non-Rechargeable Batteries: Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/non-rechargeable_FAQ.pdf|accessdate=2016-02-26|archive-date=2016-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404133358/http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/non-rechargeable_FAQ.pdf|url-status=dead}}

Zinc–air

| PR

|KOH

| Oxygen

| {{no}}

| 1932{{cite web|title=All About Batteries, Part 6: Zinc-Air|url=http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1321938|accessdate=2016-03-01}}

| 0.9

| 1.45–1.65

|

| {{convert|442|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| {{convert|1673|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| 100

| {{WhCost|2.8|Wh/$|2014}}

| 60–70

| 0.17

| 3

Mercury oxide–zinc

| Mercuric oxide
Mercury cell

|NaOH/ KOH

| Mercuric oxide

| {{no}}

| 1942–{{cite book|title=Chemical And Electrochemical Energy Systems|first1=R.|last1=Narayan|first2=B.|last2=Viswanathan|date=1998|publisher=Universities Press|page=92|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hISACjsS3FsC&q=mercury%20button-cell%20battery%201942&pg=PA92|isbn=9788173710698}} 1996{{cite web|title=Mercury Use in Batteries|url=http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/imerc/factsheets/batteries.cfm|accessdate=2016-03-01|archive-date=2012-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129031541/http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/imerc/factsheets/batteries.cfm|url-status=dead}}

| 0.9{{cite book|title=Batteries Reference Book|first=Thomas Roy|last=Crompton|date=2000|publisher=Newnes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q58IX4BM7-0C&q=mercuric%20oxide%20wh%2Fkg&pg=SA2-PA4|accessdate=2016-03-01|isbn=9780750646253}}

| 1.35

|

| {{nowrap|{{convert|99

123|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}}}

| {{nowrap|{{convert|300

500|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}}}

|

|

|

|

| {{convert|24|month|year|0|disp=number}}

Alkaline

| Zn/{{chem|MnO|2}}
LR

|KOH

| rowspan="2" | Manganese (IV) oxide

| {{no}}

| 1949{{cite journal|title=The Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Dry Cell|first=W. S.|last=Herbert|journal=Journal of the Electrochemical Society|issue=August 1952|doi=10.1149/1.2779731|volume=99|year=1952|page=190C|doi-access=free}}

| 0.9{{cite web|title=Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Handbook and Application Manual|url=http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/alkaline_appman.pdf|accessdate=2016-03-01|archive-date=2010-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216071857/http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/alkaline_appman.pdf|url-status=dead}}

| 1.5{{cite web|title=Primary and Rechargeable Battery Chemistries with Energy Density|url=http://www.epectec.com/batteries/chemistry/|accessdate=2016-02-26}}

| 1.6

| {{nowrap|{{convert|85

190|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}{{cite web|title=All About Batteries, Part 4: Alkaline Batteries|url=http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1320919|accessdate=2016-02-26}}}}

| {{nowrap|{{convert|250

434|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}}}

| 50

| {{WhCost|92.3|$/kWh|2015}}{{cite web|title=Request] Which is more expensive: a AA battery or its equivalent in power from the power company?|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/theydidthemath/comments/32c3xd/request_which_is_more_expensive_a_aa_battery_or}}

| 45–85

| 0.17

| 5–10

Rechargeable alkaline

| RAM

| KOH

| {{yes}}

| 1992{{cite web|title=Rechargeable Batteries — compared and explained in detail|url=http://michaelbluejay.com/batteries/rechargeable.html|accessdate=2016-02-28}}

| 0.9{{cite web|title=Data Sheet of Pure Energy XL Rechargeable Alkaline Cells|url=http://aphnetworks.com/review/pure_energy_xl/xlaaa_tds.pdf|access-date=2016-03-01}}

| 1.57

| 1.6

|

|

|

|

|

| {{Hs|1 !}} <1

|

Silver-oxide

| SR

|NaOH/ KOH

| Silver oxide

| {{no}}

| 1960{{cite web|title=The history of the battery: 2) Primary batteries|url=http://www.baj.or.jp/e/knowledge/history02.html|accessdate=2016-03-01|archive-date=2018-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526181058/http://www.baj.or.jp/e/knowledge/history02.html|url-status=dead}}

| 1.2{{cite web|title=Silver Primary Cells & Batteries |url=http://www.duracell.com/procell/pdf/silver.pdf |accessdate=2016-03-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215105048/http://www.duracell.com/procell/pdf/silver.pdf |archivedate=December 15, 2009 }}

| 1.55

| 1.6{{cite web|url=http://www.duracell.com/Procell/chemistries/silver.asp|title=ProCell Silver Oxide battery chemistry|publisher=Duracell|accessdate=2009-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091220201115/http://www.duracell.com/procell/chemistries/silver.asp|archive-date=2009-12-20}}

| {{convert|130|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| {{convert|500|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

|

|

|

|

|

Nickel–zinc

| NiZn

|KOH

| rowspan="6" | Nickel oxide hydroxide

| {{yes}}

| 2009

| 0.9

| 1.65

| 1.85

|

|

|

|

|

| 13

|

Nickel–iron

| NiFe

| Iron

|KOH

| {{yes}}

| 1901{{cite magazine|title=Edison's non-toxic nickel-iron battery revived in ultrafast form|magazine=Wired UK |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-07/11/ultrafast-nickel-iron-battery|accessdate=2016-02-28}}

| 0.75{{cite web|url=http://www.nickel-iron-battery.com/eagle-picher.pdf|title=Nickel-Iron Power 6 cell|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307153153/http://www.nickel-iron-battery.com/eagle-picher.pdf|archivedate=2012-03-07|url-status=bot: unknown|accessdate=2017-03-19}}

| 1.2

| 1.65

| {{nowrap|{{convert|19

25|Wh|MJ|2|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}{{cite web|title=Energy Density from NREL Testing by Iron Edison|url=https://ironedison.com/images/Spec%20Sheets/Test%20Results/Energy%20Density%20Iron%20Edison%20Nickel%20Iron%20NiFe%20Battery.pdf|accessdate=2016-02-26|archive-date=2016-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020093529/http://ironedison.com/images/Spec|url-status=dead}}}}

| {{convert|125|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}{{cite book|last=Jha|first=A.R.|date=2012-06-05|title=Next-Generation Batteries and Fuel Cells for Commercial, Military, and Space Applications|isbn=978-1439850664|page=28|publisher=CRC Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mSS0DYlTLQsC&q=Next-Generation%20Batteries%20and%20Fuel%20Cells%20for%20Commercial%2C%20Military%2C%20and%20Space%20Applications.&pg=PA28}}

| 100

| {{WhCost|150

200|$/kWh|2006}}

|

| 20–30

| 30–{{cite web|url=https://www.mpoweruk.com/nickel_iron.htm|title=Nickel Iron Batteries|website=www.mpoweruk.com}} 50{{cite web|url=http://www.beutilityfree.com/images/NiFeFlyer.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725220545/http://www.beutilityfree.com/images/NiFeFlyer.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 25, 2021|title=A description of the Chinese nickel–iron battery from BeUtilityFree|publisher=}}{{cite web|url=http://www.beutilityfree.com/index.php/products/nickel-iron-batteries/nickel-iron-faq-s|title=NiFe FAQ's|website=www.beutilityfree.com|access-date=2016-02-27|archive-date=2016-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221090004/http://www.beutilityfree.com/index.php/products/nickel-iron-batteries/nickel-iron-faq-s|url-status=dead}}

Nickel–cadmium

| NiCd
NiCad

| Cadmium

|KOH

| {{yes}}

| {{Hs|1960 !}}c. 1960{{cite web |title=Nickel Cadmium Batteries |work=Electropaedia |publisher=Woodbank Communications |url=http://www.mpoweruk.com/nicad.htm |accessdate=2016-02-29}}

| 0.9–1.05{{cite web|title=Testing NiCd and NiMH Batteries|url=http://www.ebme.co.uk/articles/maintenance/345-testing-nicd-and-nimh-batteries|accessdate=2016-03-01}}

| 1.2{{cite news |last1=Arther |first1=Miller |title=Ons werk |url=https://popi.nl/ |accessdate=2016-02-26 |work=Diensten |date=26 February 2016 |language=nl}}

| 1.3

| {{convert|30|Wh|MJ|2|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| {{convert|100|Wh|MJ|2|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| 150–200{{cite web|url=http://theses.gla.ac.uk/373/01/2008AsifPhD.pdf|title=Optimization of spacecraft electrical power subsystems|accessdate=2016-02-29}}

|

|

| 10

|

Nickel–hydrogen

| {{chem|NiH|2}}
{{chem|Ni-H|2}}

| Hydrogen

|KOH

| {{yes}}

| 1975{{cite web|url=http://pdf.aiaa.org/jaPreview/JE/1982/PVJAPRE62569.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318050754/http://pdf.aiaa.org/jaPreview/JE/1982/PVJAPRE62569.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-18|title=Nickel-Hydrogen Battery Technology—Development and Status |date= |accessdate=2012-08-29}}

| 1.0{{cite book|title=Nickel-hydrogen Life Cycle Testing|first1=Lawrence H.|last1=Thaller|first2=Albert H.|last2=Zimmerman|date=2003|publisher=AIAA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g4pazTKllNwC&q=nickel-hydrogen+cut-off|isbn=9781884989131}}

| 1.55

|

| {{nowrap|{{convert|45

65|Wh|MJ|2|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}}}

| {{convert|60|Wh|MJ|2|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}{{cite news |last1=Arther |first1=Miller |title=Ons werk |url=https://publisher-place.com/ |accessdate=12 January 2019 |work=DoubleSmart |date=23 May 2014 |language=nl}}

| 150–200

|

|

|

| 5

Nickel–metal hydride

| NiMH
Ni-MH

| rowspan="2" | Metal hydride

| rowspan="2" |KOH

| {{yes}}

| 1990

| 0.9–1.05

| 1.2

| 1.3

| {{convert|0.36|MJ|Wh|disp=br()|abbr=values}}

| {{convert|{{#expr:2700/1000 * 1.2 / (pi * (14.3/2)^2 * 50.3 / 1000000) round 0}}|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}{{cite web |title=Ansmann AA – NiMH 2700mAh datasheet |url=http://datasheet.octopart.com/5030852-Ansmann-datasheet-5400527.pdf |accessdate=2016-03-02}}

| 250–1,000

|{{WhCost|250|$/kWh|2006}}

|

|30{{cite web |title=AA Battery Considerations |url=http://openenergymonitor.blogspot.ca/2013/10/aa-battery-considerations.html |accessdate=2016-03-01}}

Low self-discharge nickel–metal hydride

| LSD NiMH

| {{yes}}

| 2005{{Cite web|title=General Description|url=http://www.eneloop.info/home/general-description.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902022941/http://www.eneloop.info/home/general-description.html|website=Eneloop.info|publisher=Sanyo|archivedate=2012-09-02|accessdate=2015-08-06}}

| 0.9–1.05

| 1.2

| 1.3

| {{convert|95|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}{{cite web|title=Metero Webinar 2|url=http://www.rimmerlighting.com/images/Meteor_Webinar_2.ppt|accessdate=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311170314/http://www.rimmerlighting.com/images/Meteor_Webinar_2.ppt|archive-date=2016-03-11|url-status=dead}}

| {{convert|{{#expr:2400/1000 * 1.2 / (pi * (14.35/2)^2 * 50.4 / 1000000) round 0}}|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}{{cite web|title=SANYO new Eneloop Batteries Remains Energy Longer|url=http://panasonic.net/sanyo/news/2011/10/06-1.pdf|accessdate=2016-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050211/http://panasonic.net/sanyo/news/2011/10/06-1.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}

| 250–1,000

|

|

| {{#expr:5/12 round 2}}

|

Lithium–manganese dioxide

| Lithium
{{chem|Li-MnO|2}}
CR
Li-Mn

| rowspan="4" | Lithium

|

| Manganese dioxide

| {{no}}

| 1976{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources|first1=Chris K|last1=Dyer|first2=Patrick T|last2=Moseley|first3=Zempachi|last3=Ogumi|first4=David A. J.|last4=Rand|first5=Bruno|last5=Scrosati|isbn=978-0444527455|date=2013|publisher=Newnes|page=561|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TAi_QBsTz5UC&q=matsushita%201970%20lithium%20carbon%20monofluoride&pg=RA2-PA561|accessdate=2016-03-03}}

| 2{{cite web|title=Lithium Manganese Dioxide Batteries CR2430|url=http://www.bipowerusa.com/products/BP-CR2430-N.pdf|accessdate=2016-03-01}}

| 3

|

| {{nowrap|{{convert|150

330|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}{{cite web|title=Li/CFx Batteries: The Renaissance|url=https://www.sdle.co.il/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/li-cfx-the-renaissance.pdf|accessdate=2019-02-24}}}}

| {{nowrap|{{convert|300

710|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}
}}

| 250–400

|

|

| 1

| 5–10

Lithium–carbon monofluoride

| {{chem|Li-(CF)|x}}
BR

|

| Carbon monofluoride

| {{no}}

| 1976

| 2{{cite web|title=Chapter 1 Overview - Industrial Devices and Solutions|url=http://industrial.panasonic.com/cdbs/www-data/pdf/AAA4000/AAA4000PE12.pdf|accessdate=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306194928/http://industrial.panasonic.com/cdbs/www-data/pdf/AAA4000/AAA4000PE12.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-06|url-status=dead}}

| 3

|

| {{nowrap|{{convert|260

780|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}}}

| {{nowrap|{{convert|440

1478|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}
}}

| 50–80

|

|

| 0.2–0.3{{cite web|title=Lithium Carbon-monofluoride (BR) Coin Cells and FB Encapsulated Lithium Coin Cells|url=http://www.rayovac.com/~/media/Rayovac/Files/Product%20Guides/42691_Lithium%20Application%20Notes%20and%20Product%20Data%20Sheets.ashx|accessdate=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330195541/http://www.rayovac.com/~/media/Rayovac/Files/Product%20Guides/42691_Lithium%20Application%20Notes%20and%20Product%20Data%20Sheets.ashx|archive-date=2015-03-30|url-status=dead}}

| 15

Lithium–iron disulfide

| {{chem|Li-FeS|2}}
FR

|

| Iron disulfide

| {{no}}

| 1989{{cite web|title=Lithium Iron Disulfide Handbook and Application Manual|url=http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/lithiuml91l92_appman.pdf|accessdate=2016-03-03|archive-date=2006-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060317180835/http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/lithiuml91l92_appman.pdf|url-status=dead}}

| 0.9

| 1.5

| 1.8

| {{convert|297|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| {{convert|580|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}{{cite web|title=Energizer's Lithium Iron Disulfide – The best of all worlds for the most demanding applications|url=http://www.sdle.co.il/AllSites/810/Assets/energizer%20israeli%20power%20sources%20%20marple%20nn%20-%20ver%201.pdf|accessdate=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306065948/http://www.sdle.co.il/AllSites/810/Assets/energizer%20israeli%20power%20sources%20%20marple%20nn%20-%20ver%201.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-06|url-status=dead}}

|

|

|

|

| 10-20

Lithium–titanate

| {{chem|Li|4|Ti|5|O|12}}
LTO

|

| Lithium manganese oxide or Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide

| {{yes}}

| 2008{{cite web|title=LTO Anode Material for Lithium-ion Battery Manufacturing|url=https://www.targray.com/li-ion-battery/anode-materials/lto|accessdate=2018-12-16}}

| 1.6–1.8{{cite web|url=http://www.altairnano.com/documents/AltairnanoEDTAPresentation.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616083647/http://www.altairnano.com/documents/AltairnanoEDTAPresentation.pdf |archivedate=16 June 2007 |title=Altair EDTA Presentation |publisher=Altairnano.com |date=29 November 2006|author=Gotcher, Alan J. }}

| 2.3–2.4

| 2.8

| {{convert|60-110|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| {{convert|177|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| 3,000– 5,100{{cite web|title=All About Batteries, Part 12: Lithium Titanate (LTO)|url=https://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1325358|accessdate=2018-12-16}}

| {{WhCost|2000|$/kWh|2016}}

| 85

| 2–5

| 10–20

Lithium cobalt oxide

| {{chem|LiCoO|2}}
ICR
LCO
Li‑cobalt{{cite web|title=Battery chemistry FINALLY explained|url=http://batterybro.com/blogs/18650-wholesale-battery-reviews/18880255-battery-chemistry-finally-explained|accessdate=2016-02-26|archive-date=2016-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212091438/http://batterybro.com/blogs/18650-wholesale-battery-reviews/18880255-battery-chemistry-finally-explained|url-status=dead}}

| rowspan="5" | Graphite{{ref|graphite|‡}}

|LiPF6/ LiBF4/ LiClO4

| Lithium cobalt oxide

| {{yes}}

| 1991{{cite news|title=Hooked on lithium|newspaper=The Economist |url=http://www.economist.com/node/1176209|accessdate=2016-02-26}}

| 2.5{{cite web|title=Comparison Common Lithium Technologies|url=http://incellint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Comparison_Common-Lithium-Technologies_.pdf|accessdate=2016-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222222650/http://incellint.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Comparison_Common-Lithium-Technologies_.pdf|archive-date=2016-12-22|url-status=dead}}

| 3.7{{cite web|title=Lithium Battery Technologies|url=http://www.epectec.com/batteries/lithium-battery-technologies.html|accessdate=2016-02-26}}

| 4.2

| {{convert|195|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| {{convert|560|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

|

| {{WhCost|300|$/kWh|2006}}

|

|

|

Lithium iron phosphate

| {{chem|LiFePO|4}}
IFR
LFP
Li‑phosphate

|

| Lithium iron phosphate

| {{yes}}

| 1996"{{chem|LiFePO|4}}: A Novel Cathode Material for Rechargeable Batteries", A.K. Padhi, K.S. Nanjundaswamy, J.B. Goodenough, Electrochemical Society Meeting Abstracts, 96-1, May, 1996, pp 73

| 2

| 3.2

| 3.65

| {{nowrap|{{convert|90

160|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}}} {{cite web|url=http://www.greatpower.net/cplb/info_159.aspx?itemid=292&cid=25|title=Great Power Group, Square lithium-ion battery|access-date=2019-12-31|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803221101/http://www.greatpower.net/cplb/info_159.aspx?itemid=292&cid=25|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QZ8NhD7rCk|title=Lithium Battery Mystery: This 100Ah LiFePO4 Energy Density is Off the Charts|website=YouTube |access-date=2019-12-31}}

| {{convert|333|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| 200{{Cite web |url=https://www.victronenergy.nl/upload/documents/Datasheet-12,8-Volt-lithium-iron-phosphate-batteries-EN.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921122814/https://www.victronenergy.nl/upload/documents/Datasheet-12,8-Volt-lithium-iron-phosphate-batteries-EN.pdf |archive-date=2016-09-21 |url-status=dead }}–1,200{{Cite web |url=http://www.litrade.de/pub/HeadWay%20LiFePO4%2038120__%20Specifications1.pdf |title=Datasheet HeadWay LiFePO4 38120 |access-date=2020-04-08}}

|7.2 (139){{Cite web |date=2023-11-26 |title=Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Prices Hit Record Low of $139/kWh |url=https://about.bnef.com/blog/lithium-ion-battery-pack-prices-hit-record-low-of-139-kwh/ |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=BloombergNEF |language=en-US}}

|

| 4.5

| 20 years{{cite web|url=https://ironedison.com/blog/battery-for-you|title=Which battery type is right for you?|accessdate=2021-08-11}}

Lithium manganese oxide

| {{chem|LiMn|2|O|4}}
IMR
LMO
Li‑manganese

|

| Lithium manganese oxide

| {{yes}}

| 1999

| 2.5{{cite journal|title=Lithium-ion Battery Overview|journal=Lighting Global|issue=May 2012, Issue 10|url=https://www.lightingglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/67_Issue10_Lithium-ionBattery_TechNote_final.pdf|accessdate=2016-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617110601/http://www.lightingglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/67_Issue10_Lithium-ionBattery_TechNote_final.pdf|archive-date=2014-06-17|url-status=dead}}

| 3.9

| 4.2

| {{convert|150|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| {{convert|420|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

|

| {{WhCost|300|$/kWh|2006}}

|

|

|

Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxides

| {{chem|LiNiCoAlO|2}}
NCA
NCR
Li‑aluminium

|

| Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide

| {{yes}}

| 1999

| 3.0{{cite web|title=Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide|url=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/765171?lang=en®ion=US|accessdate=2016-03-01}}

| 3.6

| 4.3

| {{convert|220|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| {{convert|600|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

|

|

|

|

|

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide

| {{chem|LiNi|x|Mn|y|Co|1-x-y|O|2}}
INR
NMC
NCM

|

| Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide

| {{yes}}

| 2008{{cite web|title=Battery Technology|url=http://spectrum.mit.edu/articles/battery-technology/|accessdate=2016-02-26}}

| 2.5

| 3.6

| 4.2

| {{convert|205|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

| {{convert|580|Wh|MJ|disp=br()|abbr=values|order=flip}}

|

|

|

|

|

{{note|cost|†}} Cost in inflation-adjusted {{Inflation/year|US}} USD.

{{note|graphite|‡}} Typical. See {{section link|Lithium-ion battery|Negative electrode}} for alternative electrode materials.

Rechargeable characteristics

class="wikitable sortable"

! rowspan="2"|Cell chemistry

! Charge efficiency

! Cycle durability

style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="number"|%

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="number"|# 100% depth of discharge (DoD) cycles

Lead–acid

| 50–92

| 50–100[https://web.archive.org/web/20110902011121/http://www.electricrider.com/batteries/index.htm electricrider.com: Lithium Batteries] Citat: Citat: "...The cycle life of sealed lead-acid is directly related to the depth of discharge. The typical number of discharge/charge cycles at {{convert|25|C}} with respect to the depth of discharge is: * 50–100 cycles with 100% depth of discharge (full discharge) * 150–250 cycles with 70% depth of discharge (deep discharge) * 300–500 cycles with 50% depth of discharge (partial discharge) * 800 and more cycles with 30% depth of discharge (shallow discharge)..." (500@40%DoD)

Rechargeable alkaline

|

| 5–100

Nickel–zinc

|

| 100 to 50% capacity

Nickel–iron

| 65–80

| 5,000

Nickel–cadmium

| 70–90

| 500

Nickel–hydrogen

| 85

| 20,000

Nickel–metal hydride

| 66

| 300–800

Low self-discharge nickel–metal hydride battery

|

| 500–1,500

Lithium cobalt oxide

| 90

| 500–1,000

Lithium–titanate

| 85–90

| 6,000–30,000 to 90% capacity

Lithium iron phosphate

| 90

| 2,500–12,000 to 80% capacity{{cite web |title=CATL wants to deliver LFP batteries for ESS at 'multi-gigawatt-hour scale' into Europe and US-CATL |url=https://www.catlbattery.com/en/web/index.php/news/newsinfor/21/47 |website=catlbattery.com |publisher=Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) |accessdate=3 October 2020 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404012333/https://www.catlbattery.com/en/web/index.php/news/newsinfor/21/47 |url-status=dead }}

Lithium manganese oxide

| 90

| 300–700

Thermal runaway

Under certain conditions, some battery chemistries are at risk of thermal runaway, leading to cell rupture or combustion. As thermal runaway is determined not only by cell chemistry but also cell size, cell design and charge, only the worst-case values are reflected here.{{cite journal|last1=Doughty|first1=Dan|last2=Roth|first2=E. Peter|title=A General Discussion of Li Ion Battery Safety|journal=The Electrochemical Society Interface|year=2012 |volume=21 |issue=Summer 2012|page=37 |doi=10.1149/2.F03122if |bibcode=2012ECSIn..21b..37D |url=http://www.electrochem.org/dl/interface/sum/sum12/sum12_p037_044.pdf|accessdate=2016-02-27}}

class="wikitable sortable"

! rowspan="3"|Cell chemistry

! Overcharge

! colspan="3"|Overheat

Onset

! Onset

! Runaway

! Peak

style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="number"|SOC%

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="number"|°C

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="number"|°C

! style="font-weight: normal" data-sort-type="number"|°C/min

Lithium cobalt oxide

| 150

| 165

| 190

| 440

Lithium iron phosphate

| 100

| 220

| 240

| 21

Lithium manganese oxide

| 110

| 210

| 240

| 100+

Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide

| 125

| 140

| 195

| 260

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide

| 170

| 160

| 230

| 100+

NiCd vs. NiMH vs. Li-ion vs. Li–polymer vs. LTO

class="wikitable sortable"
TypesCell VoltageSelf-dischargeMemoryCycles TimesTemperatureWeight
NiCd1.2V20%/monthYesUp to 800-20 °C to 60 °CHeavy
NiMH1.2V30%/monthMildUp to 500-20 °C to 70 °CMiddle
Low Self Discharge NiMH1.2V3%/year–1%/monthNo500–2,000-20 °C to 70 °CMiddle
Li-ion (LCO)3.6V5–10%/monthNo500–1,000-20 °C to 60 °CLight
LiFePO4 (LFP)3.2V2–5%/monthNo2,500–12,000|
20 °C to 60 °CLight
LiPo (LCO)3.7V5–10%/monthNo500–1,000-20 °C to 60 °CLightest
Li–Ti (LTO)2.4V2–5%/monthNo6,000–20,000-40 °C to 75 °CLight

{{cite web|url=https://www.powertoollab.com/power-tool-battery-types/|title=Best Power Tool Battery Types: NiCd VS NiMH VS li-ion VS li-polymer|first=Caio|last=Resende|date=3 November 2017|publisher=}}

See also

References

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Galvanic cells}}

{{Battery sizes}}

*

Commercial battery types