Compeed#Technology
{{Short description|Brand of hydrocolloid plasters}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}{{Advert| article's "Technology" section|date=April 2021}}
{{infobox brand
| logo =
| name = Compeed
| image =
| type =
| currentowner = HRA Pharma (2017)
| origin = Denmark
| introduced = {{Start date|1986}}
| discontinued =
| related =
| markets = World
| previousowners = Coloplast
| trademarkregistrations =
| ambassador =
| tagline =
| website = {{URL|http://www.compeed.com}}
}}
Compeed (contraction of "Competition" and "Seed") is a brand of hydrocolloid gel plasters for treating blisters,{{cite book|last=Zuckerman|first=Jane N.|date=2012|title=Principles and Practice of Travel Medicine, 2nd Edition|chapter=Skin Problems and Foot Care|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1-y59nzMY0C&pg=PT502|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-1-4051-9763-2|access-date=2014-08-15}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=494DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52|title=Blister Shields|author=Buck Tilton|year=1995|publisher=Backpacker, Oct 1995|access-date=2016-09-27|archive-date=2023-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813185023/https://books.google.com/books?id=494DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA52|url-status=live}} corns,{{cite web |author1=K Springett |author2=M Deane |author3=P Dancaster |title=Treatment of corns, calluses and heel fissures with a hydrocolloid dressing |url=http://www.istic.ac.cn/ShowDetail.aspx?dbname=MDS_NSTL_QK&mfn=322588 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085910/http://www.istic.ac.cn/ShowDetail.aspx?dbname=MDS_NSTL_QK&mfn=322588 |archive-date=2014-08-19 |access-date=2014-08-15 |website=www.istic.ac.cn/ |publisher=The Journal of British Podiatric Medicine, 1997 (52), 7}}{{cite book|last=Nathan|first=Alan|date=2010|title=Non-prescription Medicines|chapter=Corns and calluses|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lW-0IoSYMBYC&pg=PA57|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|pages=40–41|isbn=978-0853698869|access-date=2014-08-15|archive-date=2023-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813190028/https://books.google.com/books?id=lW-0IoSYMBYC&pg=PA57|url-status=live}} cracked heels{{cite web |author=Kim Jones |date=2013-03-20 |title=Shhh: Products to help you become Sleeping Beauty |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/health/beauty-doesnt-stop-night-try-1773715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815223855/http://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/health/beauty-doesnt-stop-night-try-1773715 |archive-date=2014-08-15 |access-date=2014-08-15 |publisher=Daily Mirror}} and cold sores.{{cite book|last=Rutter|first=Paul|date=2013|title=Community Pharmacy: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment|chapter=Evidence base for over-the-counter medication|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_mI_n3y5koC&pg=PA238|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|page=238|isbn=978-0702029950|access-date=2014-08-15}}{{cite book|last=Nathan|first=Alan|date=2010|title=Non-prescription Medicines|chapter=Cold sores|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lW-0IoSYMBYC&pg=PA40|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|pages=40–41|isbn=978-0853698869|access-date=2014-08-15|archive-date=2023-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813190029/https://books.google.com/books?id=lW-0IoSYMBYC&pg=PA40|url-status=live}}{{cite journal|title=Randomized clinical study comparing Compeed cold sore patch to acyclovir cream 5% in the treatment of herpes simplex labialis. |vauthors=Karlsmark T, Goodman JJ, Drouault Y, Lufrano L, Pledger GW |publisher=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology,2008 Nov;22(10) |pmid=18462303 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02761.x |volume=22 |journal=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol |year=2008 |issue=10 |pages=1184–92|s2cid=33832332 }}{{cite web |author=Christine Clark |year=2013 |title=Pharmacy Magazine: CPD Module, Module 173 |url=http://www.pm-modules.co.uk/pm_modules/ski_pm0310.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125849/http://www.pm-modules.co.uk/pm_modules/ski_pm0310.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-19 |access-date=2014-08-15 |publisher=The Pharmacy Magazine Learning}} It was originally developed by Lars Backsell while working in Denmark for Coloplast A/S.{{Cite journal |last=Hall |first=Nicholas |date=September 2008 |title=Lars Backsell and the Compeed Story |journal=Simplifyle |volume=14 |pages=203–204}} The brand was sold to Johnson & Johnson in May 2002,{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-85950971.html |title=Compeed X-TREME Flex |website=Coloplast A/S sells Coloplast Consumer Products A/S to Johnson & Johnson |publisher=Nordic Business Report |date=2002-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921192614/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-85950971.html |archive-date=2014-09-21 |access-date=2014-08-15 |url-status=dead }} then acquired by HRA Pharma in 2017. Compeed plasters are still manufactured by Coloplast.{{cite web |date=2012-08-15 |title=Coloplast A/S 9M 2011/12 Financial Statements Chaired by Lars Rasmussen |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-85950971.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921192614/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-85950971.html |archive-date=2014-09-21 |access-date=2014-08-15 |website=Coloplast A/S sells Coloplast Consumer Products A/S to Johnson & Johnson |publisher=Coloplast}}
The product was originally designed for treating ostomy patients.{{cite book|last=Hougaard|first=Soren|date=2006|title=The Business Idea: The Early Stages of Entrepreneurship|chapter=Occurrences in a diagnostic perspective|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j0uUhggvxAAC&pg=PA55|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|page=55|isbn=9783540269595|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2023-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813190029/https://books.google.com/books?id=j0uUhggvxAAC&pg=PA55|url-status=live}}
History
In 1984, Lars Backsell, while working as a General Manager at Coloplast, conducted a clinical trial with the Swedish army to test a prototype that developed a skin barrier for bandaging purposes based on hydrocolloid technology.{{cite web|url=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?FT=D&date=19830111&DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&locale=en_EP&CC=US&NR=4367732A&KC=A&ND=6|title=US4367732 (A) - Skin barrier|publisher=Espacenet|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240527033023/https://www.webcitation.org/6Sgdg8MiR?url=http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio%3FFT=D&date=19830111&DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&locale=en_EP&CC=US&NR=4367732A&KC=A&ND=6|archive-date=2024-05-27|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead}} The initial product used an ostomy sheet and was sold as a blister-protective bandage through pharmacies to consumers.{{Cite journal|last=Wall|first=Tom|date=1984|title=Rädda fotterna|journal=Apoteket|volume=1/84}}
In 1986, Compeed was first sold in Sweden before being registered in the United States in the category of antiseptic cleaning tissues as a trademark under serial number 73589785.{{cite web|url=http://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/gate.exe?f=doc&state=4805:nppy76.2.11|title=Compeed|website=uspto.gov|publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918183140/http://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/gate.exe?f=doc&state=4805:nppy76.2.11|archive-date=2014-09-18|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead}} Compeed got Food and Drug Administration-approval in 1988.{{cite web|url=http://www.510kdecisions.com/applications/index.cfm?id=K883588|title=FDA 510(k) Application Details - K883588|year=1988|publisher=Food and Drug Administration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083524/http://www.510kdecisions.com/applications/index.cfm?id=K883588|archive-date=2014-08-19|access-date=2014-08-15|url-status=dead}}
In 2002, "Compeed X-TREME Flex" plaster by Jan Marcussen was included in the art museum MoMA design collection.{{cite web|url=http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=94405|title=Compeed X-TREME Flex|year=2002|website=www.moma.org|publisher=Museum of Modern Art|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083038/http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=94405|archive-date=2014-08-19|access-date=2014-08-15|url-status=dead}} The brand was later sold to Johnson & Johnson in May 2002.
In 2004, "Compeed X-TREME Flex" plaster won the Danish Design Award.{{cite web|url=http://ddc.dk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/DDA2012.pdf |title=Winners 2000-2011 Danish Design Award 2012 |website=ddc.dk/ |publisher=Danish Design Centre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819103041/http://ddc.dk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/DDA2012.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-19 |access-date=2014-08-15 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://epn.dk/arkiv/ECE5060994/masser-af-prisvaerdigt-dansk-design/ |title=Masser af prisværdigt dansk design |year=2004 |author=Tina Bryld |publisher=Jyllands-Posten |language=Da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085051/http://epn.dk/arkiv/ECE5060994/masser-af-prisvaerdigt-dansk-design/ |archive-date=2014-08-19 |access-date=2014-08-15 |url-status=dead }} In 2007, Compeed was awarded Nicholas Hall's New Product of the Year.
Technology
The hydrocolloidal plaster contains croscarmellose sodium (an internally cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose,{{cite web|url=http://www.explainthatstuff.com/blisterplaster.html |title=Blister plasters and hydrocolloidal dressings |website=www.explainthatstuff.com/ |author=Chris Woodford |publisher=Explainthatstuff.com |date=2014-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002200022/http://www.explainthatstuff.com/blisterplaster.html |archive-date=2014-10-02 |access-date=2014-08-17 |url-status=dead }} water-soluble polymer) and tackifier resins.{{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6297423|title=Bandage for covering area of skin and which may be permanently stretched and shaped to the anatomical contour: US 6297423 B1|website=www.google.com/patents|publisher=Google Patents|date=2001-10-02|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140817080442/https://www.google.com/patents/US6297423?dq=|archive-date =2014-08-17|url-status=live|access-date=2014-08-17}} The top level of the plaster is made of elastomer and polyurethane film.{{cite web|url=http://www.google.us/patents/WO2011135256A1?cl=en|title=Blister dressing including a hydrocolloid adhesive body: WO 2011135256 A|website=www.google.com/patents|publisher=Google Patents|date=2011-11-03|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140817080332/http://www.google.us/patents/WO2011135256A1?cl=en|archive-date =2014-08-17|access-date=2014-08-17}}
When applied to the blister, it starts to absorb body fluids, turning into a soft mass. It seals the blister, forming the so-called "second skin". The plaster prevents the blister from developing. At first, the plaster absorbs all the moisture from the blister, but over time, it becomes more permeable, so the wound dries out.
Research
Compeed conducts consumer insight research. A 2012 study found that 58 percent of women take off their shoes during a night out because of the pain.{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/stiletto-shoes-come-at-a-high-price/story-fndo317g-1226523105156?nk=8b65861b76ba0eacca8d7be035e89579|title=Stiletto shoes come at a high price|publisher=The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140815211753/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/stiletto-shoes-come-at-a-high-price/story-fndo317g-1226523105156?nk=8b65861b76ba0eacca8d7be035e89579|archive-date=2014-08-15|access-date=2014-08-15|url-status=dead}}{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2024|certain=y|reason=The actual study seems to be missing.}} It also showed that the average heel worn by British women is 3.3 inches, the highest across Europe.{{cite web|url=http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG9414361/British-women-wear-highest-heels-in-Europe.html |title=British women wear highest heels in Europe |date=2012-07-20 |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090241/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG9414361/British-women-wear-highest-heels-in-Europe.html |archive-date=2014-08-19 |access-date=2014-08-15 |url-status=dead }}
References
{{reflist|30em}}