Concavus

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Early Miocene|Early Pleistocene|refs=}}

| image = Balanidae - Concavus concavus.JPG

| image_caption = Fossil of Concavus concavus

| taxon = Concavus

| authority = Newman, 1982

| type_species = {{extinct}}Balanus concavus

| type_species_authority = Bronn, 1831{{efn|name=Darwin|Urszula Radwańska and Andrzej Radwański argue this species's author citation should be {{small|Darwin, 1854}}.}}

}}

Concavus is a genus of barnacles.{{cite WoRMS|author=Chan, Benny K. K.|year=2021|title=Concavus Newman, 1982|id=534801|access-date=23 August 2021}}

Species

{{As of|2021}}, WoRMS recognizes the following two species:

{{extinct}}Concavus concavus (Bronn, 1831){{efn|name=Darwin}} — Pliocene–early Pleistocene; Western Europe.
{{extinct}}Concavus crassostricola Zullo, 1984 — Early Miocene; North Carolina and northern Florida.

Taxonomic history

The genus was circumscribed by William A. Newman in 1982. His original list of subgenera and species for the genus was the following:

Concavus {{small|Newman, 1982}} genus
Concavus {{small|Newman, 1982}} subgenus
{{extinct}}C. concavus {{small|(Bronn, 1831)}}
Menesiniella {{small|Newman, 1982}} subgenus
C. (M.) aquila {{small|Pilsbry, 1916}}
C. (M.) regalis {{small|Pilsbry, 1916}}
Arossia {{small|Newman, 1982}} subgenus
C. (A.) panamensis {{small|(Rogers, 1948)}}
C. (A.) p. panamensis {{small|(Rogers, 1948)}}
C. (A.) p. eyerdami {{small|(Henry, 1960)}}
C. (A.) henryae {{small|Newman, 1982}}

Newman noted there were multiple fossil taxa in this genus, but didn't classify any except for the type species {{extinct}}C. concavus.

In 1992, Victor A. Zullo revised the genus. He created a new subfamily, Concavinae, with Tamiosoma {{small|Conrad, 1856}} (the senior synonym of Menesiniella according to Zullo{{efn|{{As of|2017}}, WoRMS recognizes both Tamiosoma and Menesiniella as valid, distinct genera.}}), Arossia and Concavus among its genera. With his revision, Concavus only consists of the two species C. concavus and C. crassostricola.

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the Oligocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 28.4 to 0.012 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata of United States, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Algeria, France, Haiti, Madagascar, Panama, Colombia and Slovenia.[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=22140 Fossilworks]

Notes

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite journal|last1=Zullo|first1=Victor A.|title=Revision of the Balanid Barnacle Genus Concavus Newman, 1982, with the Description of a New Subfamily, Two New Genera, and Eight New Species|journal=Memoir (The Paleontological Society)|date=1992|volume=27|pages=1–46|jstor=1315604}}

{{cite journal|last1=Newman|first1=William A.|title=A Review of Extant Taxa of the "Group of Balanus concavus" (Cirripedia, Thoracica) and a Proposal for Genus-Group Ranks|journal=Crustaceana|date=1982|volume=43|issue=1|pages=25–36|doi=10.1163/156854082X00056|jstor=20103743|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249580010}}

{{cite book|last1=Bronn|first1=Heinr. G.|title=Italiens Tertiär-Gebilde und deren organische Einschlüsse|date=1831|publisher=Karl Gross|location=Heidelberg|page=127|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39170209}}

{{cite journal|last1=Zullo|first1=Victor A.|title=New Genera and Species of Balanoid Barnacles from the Oligocene and Miocene of North Carolina|journal=Journal of Paleontology|date=1984|volume=58|issue=5|pages=1328–1330|jstor=1304855}}

{{cite journal|title=Eco-taphonomy of mass-aggregated giant balanids Concavus (Concavus) concavus (Darwin, 1854) from the Lower Pliocene (Zanclean) of Rafina near Pikermi (Attica, Greece)|last1=Radwańska|first1=Urszula |last2=Radwański|first2=Andrzej |journal=Acta Geologica Polonica|volume=58 |issue=1 |date=2008 |url = https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/agp/article/view/9970 |

pages=93–94}}

}}

Category:Barnacles

Category:Aquitanian genus first appearances