Concept car

{{Short description|Car designed to showcase prototype features}}

{{use mdy dates|date=April 2018}}

File:1939 ... Harley Earl and "The Y Job".jpg, often considered to be the first concept car]]

File:Toyota concept car - Odaiba - 2020 1 7.webm concept car showcased in Japan]]

A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle or show vehicle) is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology. Concept cars are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or may not be produced.

General Motors designer Harley Earl is generally credited with inventing the concept car, and did much to popularize it through its traveling Motorama shows of the 1950s.{{citation needed (lead)|date=September 2024}}

Concept cars never go into production directly. In modern times, all would have to undergo many changes before the design is finalized for the sake of practicality, safety, regulatory compliance, and cost. A "production-intent" prototype, as opposed to a concept vehicle, serves this purpose.[http://www.calcars.org/calcars-news/1005.html Chrysler "Jolts" PHEV Race; PHEV Ads; V2Green Acquired] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219063144/http://www.calcars.org/calcars-news/1005.html |date=December 19, 2008 }}, September 24, 2008, CalCars (California Cars Initiative)

Design

Concept cars are often radical in engine or design. Some use non-traditional, exotic, or expensive materials, ranging from paper to carbon fiber to refined alloys. Others have unique layouts, such as gullwing doors, three or five (or more) wheels, or special abilities not usually found on cars. Because of these often impractical or unprofitable leanings, many concept cars never get past scale models or even drawings. Other more traditional concepts can be developed into fully drivable (operational) vehicles with a working drivetrain and accessories. The state of most concept cars lies somewhere in between and does not represent the final product. A very small proportion of concept cars are functional to any useful extent, and some cannot move safely at speeds above {{convert|10|mph|km/h}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.kbb.com/what-is/concept-car/|title=What is a Concept Car? – Kelley Blue Book|website=Kbb.com|date=October 4, 2021 }}

Inoperative "mock-ups" are usually made of wax, clay, metal, fiberglass, plastic, or a combination thereof.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

If drivable, the drivetrain is often borrowed from a production vehicle from the same company or may have defects and imperfections in design. They can also be quite refined,{{Cite web |last=Vicky |date=2022-11-25 |title=What is a Concept Car? Understanding Its Concept and Purpose – APW |url=https://autoprotoway.com/what-is-a-concept-car/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=AutoProtoWay |language=en-US}} such as General Motors' Cadillac Sixteen concept.[http://www.cardesignnews.com/autoshows/2003/detroit/highlights/h06-cadillac-sixteen.html Cadillac Sixteen] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126041042/http://www.cardesignnews.com/autoshows/2003/detroit/highlights/h06-cadillac-sixteen.html |date=November 26, 2005 }}, by Nick Hull, Detroit Auto Show 2003 Highlights, Car Design News, Inc.

Notable concept cars

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class="wikitable"

! Model

Notes
Alfa Romeo BAT cars1950s aerodynamic studies by Bertone.
Aston Martin AtomDesigned in 1939 by Claude Hill. Fully functional and still in road-worthy condition, it was adopted by Aston Martin owner David Brown into a racing car that won outright at the 1948 Spa 24 Hours and became the basis for the DB1.
Auburn Cabin SpeedsterConsidered the first concept car,{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Karl |title=CCotW: Auburn Cabin Speedster (1929) |url=https://cardesignnews.com/articles/concept-car-of-the-week/2017/11/auburn-cabin-speedster-1929 |website=Car Design News |access-date=29 June 2018 |date=24 November 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630024725/https://cardesignnews.com/articles/concept-car-of-the-week/2017/11/auburn-cabin-speedster-1929|archive-date=30 June 2018}} it was built in 1929 and used for publicity, touring the car show circuit until it was destroyed in a fire at a Los Angeles exhibit that also consumed about 320 other cars on display.{{cite web |last1=Lamm |first1=Michael |title=Sensation and Tragedy: The Auburn Cabin Speedster Story |url=http://theoldmotor.com/?p=144637 |website=The Old Motor |access-date=29 June 2018 |date=17 May 2015}}
Autobianchi A112 RunaboutLate 1960s Bertone (Marcello Gandini) designed sportscar.{{cn|date=November 2024}}
{{ill|Autonova Fam|de|Autonova}}Early monovolume concept (mid 1960s) by {{Ill|Fritz Bob Busch|de|Fritz B. Busch}}, Michael Conrad, and Pio Manzù.
BMW GINAA fabric-skinned shape-shifting sports car. This platform (aside from the body material and changing shape) was adopted in 2012 for the BMW i3 and BMW i8 Electric Vehicles.
Buick Y-JobDesigned in the late 1930s by the famous General Motors designer Harley Earl. Considered by most to be the first concept car.{{Citation |last=Wilkinson |first=Stephan |title=Man And Machine: The Best of Stephan Wilkinson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uFVqaS_QjW4C&pg=PA83 |year=2005 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-59921-679-9 |page=83 |access-date=August 2, 2016}} Inspired many other Buick vehicles, including the Buick Blackhawk Concept.
General Motors Le SabreBuilt by Harley Earl in 1951, it helped introduce 12-volt electrics and the aluminum 215 ci V8 to GM. This nameplate was transferred over to be a production vehicle.
Cadillac CycloneBuilt in 1959, it is one of Harley Earl's last designs. Its futuristic styling was heavily influenced by 1950s aviation and rocketry.
Cadillac DebutanteReputedly the most luxurious car ever built at the time of its construction, the Cadillac Debutante was fitted with a leopard skin interior and 24 karat gold instrument panel and fittings.
Chevrolet Corvette Mako SharkPreviewed elements of the second (1963–1967) and third (1968–1982) generations of the production Corvette.
Cornell Safety CarProject by Cornell University Aeronautical Laboratory and Liberty Mutual insurance company (mid 1950s).{{cn|date=November 2024}}
Chevrolet Corvair Monza GT1962 mid-engined experimental prototype that featured design elements of the third generation (1968–1982) of the production Corvette.
Dodge TomahawkA 2003 V10-powered four-wheel motorcycle-like design that drew attention for its audacity, and the debunked claim that it could hypothetically reach speeds of {{Convert|300|to|420|mph|abbr=on}}.{{cn|date=November 2024}}
Ferrari ModuloDesigned by Paolo Martin of the Italian carrozzeria Pininfarina, unveiled at the 1970 Geneva Motor Show.{{cn|date=November 2024}}
{{Ill|Fiat City Taxi|it}}Taxi concept by Pio Manzù (based on the Fiat 850) shown at the 1968 Turin Auto Show.{{Cite web |title=Manzù’s prototype for the Fiat City Taxi stars in the "Che macchina!" (“What a car!”) exhibition |url=https://www.media.stellantis.com/uk-en/heritage/press/manz-s-prototype-for-the-fiat-city-taxi-stars-in-the-che-macchina-what-a-car-exhibition |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=Stellantis |language=en}}
Ford 021CStyling exercise (not intended for production) by Marc Newson and J Mays first shown at the 1999 Tokyo Motor Show.
Ford GyronFuturistic two-wheeled gyrocar designed by Syd Mead and McKinley Thompson first shown in 1961 at the Detroit Motor Show.
Ford NucleonA nuclear-powered car (scale model only).
Ford ProbeA series of four designs between 1979 and 1983 of which the Probe III was eventually developed into the Ford Sierra.
Ford SYNusFirst shown in 2005. This design was developed to explore the creation of an ultra-safe roadgoing environment.
General Motors FirebirdA series of gas turbine–powered cars. Pontiac adopted this nameplate based on the Chevrolet Camaro. The nameplate was retired in 2002, along with the Chevrolet Camaro, which was revived in 2010.
Holden EfijyBased around the Holden FJ, named the United States concept car of the year for 2007.{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2007 |url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,21950226-2,00.html |title=Bold Holden wins top US award |publisher=News Limited |access-date=July 15, 2007 |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626052818/http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,21950226-2,00.html |url-status=dead }}
Hummer HXA Hummer branded off-road compact SUV vehicle that is smaller-sized and lower-priced than the H2 and H3.
Jaguar Type 00Controversial concept that accompanied the 2024 relaunch of Jaguar as an all electric brand.{{Cite web |date=3 December 2024 |title=Jaguar's concept car divides opinion |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czen5y97yjzo |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}
Lancia MegagammaThe prototype for the modern MPV (minivan).{{cite book |last1=Tumminelli |first1=Paolo |title=Car Design |date=2004 |publisher=teNeues |isbn=978-3-8238-4561-4 |page=66 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.jyanet.com/cap/1998/0213fe3.htm|title=30 Years of ItalDesign |publisher=Jack Yan & Associates|year=1998 |access-date=January 3, 2008}}
Lancia Stratos ZeroMarcello Gandini designed sportscar presented at the 1970 Turin Auto Show.
Maserati BoomerangGiorgetto Giugiaro (Italdesign) concept first revealed at the 1971 Turin Motor Show.
Mercedes-Benz C111A series of experimental automobiles produced in the 1960s and 1970s. The company was experimenting with new engine technologies, including Wankel engines.
Mercedes-Benz F700Its PRE-SCAN road-scanning suspension enables a perfectly smooth ride, even on rough or bumpy terrains (developed later into Magic Body Control). This design will lead to the development of the next-generation Mercedes-Benz A-Class, Mercedes-Benz B-Class, and Mercedes-Benz C-Class.
MIT CarThe Massachusetts Institute of Technology concept car with Frank Gehry.[http://www.archinode.com/mitcar1.html Concept Car] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304064326/http://www.archinode.com/mitcar1.html |date=March 4, 2020 }} w/ GM & Frank O. Gehry
Phantom CorsairA 1930s concept car, developed by Rust Heinz.
Plymouth XNROpen roadster with asymmetric features by Virgil Exner.
Pontiac Bonneville SpecialPontiac's first 2-seater sports car that debuted at the 1954 Motorama. This nameplate carried over to a Pontiac sports car of the 1950s.
Pontiac Club de MerPontiac's all stainless steel sports car that debuted at the 1956 Motorama.
Porsche 989Porsche's first 4-door car, a predecessor of the Porsche Panamera.
Volvo VESCUsed as testbed in the development of safety features incorporated into the Volvo 240 series cars, used by the NHTSA as a basis for later safety standards, including self-retracting three-point seatbelts, crumple zones, head restraints, rollover protection, and shock-absorbing zero-damage bumpers.{{cite news |author=Lasse Swärd |title=Ett säkert kort från Hisingen |trans-title=A safe bet from Hisingen |url=http://www.dn.se/motor/ett-sakert-kort-fran-hisingen/ |newspaper=Dagens Nyheter |language=SV |date=April 24, 2012 |access-date=August 10, 2015 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144130/http://www.dn.se/motor/ett-sakert-kort-fran-hisingen/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite magazine |title=Volvo questions need for safety vehicles... |magazine=New Scientist |date=April 19, 1973 |volume=58 |issue=842 |page=160 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6nJxpHw8-18C&pg=PA160 }}
Volkswagen Concept OneThe retro-futurist design by J Mays and Freeman Thomas first shown in 1994 is a rare example of a concept car that was later produced.

See also

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Works cited

  • {{cite news |last1=Kosner |first1=Anthony Wing |title=The Sports Car, The Laptop And The Science Behind The Golden Proportion |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonykosner/2013/02/22/the-sports-car-the-laptop-and-the-science-behind-the-golden-proportion/ |work=Forbes |date=22 February 2013 }}
  • {{cite web |last1=Manoukian |first1=Julia |title=The Psychology Of Luxury Car Buyers: 7 Considerations |url=https://www.limelightplatform.com/blog/psychology-luxury-car-buyers-considerations |work=Limelight |date=November 27, 2019 }}
  • {{cite web |title=The greatest ever Porsche art cars |url=https://www.porsche.com/stories/design/the-greatest-ever-porsche-art-cars |work=Porsche |date=November 16, 2022 }}