Concise Command Language
{{short description|Computer language}}
{{Infobox Software
| name = Concise Command Language (CCL)
| logo =
| screenshot =
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| caption =
| other_names =
| author =
| developer = Digital Equipment Corporation
| released =
| discontinued =
| latest release version =
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| programming language =
| operating system = OS/8, TOPS-10, RT-11, RSTS/E
| platform = PDP-6, PDP-8, PDP-10, PDP-11
| included with =
| replaced_by = DIGITAL Command Language (DCL)
| language = English
| genre = Command shell
| license =
| website =
}}
Concise Command Language (CCL) was the term used by Digital Equipment Corporation for the Command-line interpreter / User interface supplied on several of their computing systems; its successor was named DIGITAL Command Language (DCL).
CCL provides the user with an extensive set of terminal commands."Concise Command Language" (CCL).{{cite web
|url=http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dec/pdp8/os8/OS8_Handbook_Apr1974.pdf
|title=OS/8 Handbook |publisher=Digital Equipment Corporation |date=April 1974 |access-date=1 May 2024}}
The first system to include CCL was DEC's PDP-10.
History
The PDP-6 monitor came with a simple set of commands. To compile and run a FORTRAN program, one would
- .R F4 --- invoke the FORTRAN compiler
- *DTA1:PROG3=DTA2:PROG3,SUB3A,SUB3B --- specify binary output and source input
- .R LOADER 30 --- invoke the loader, allocate 30K of memory
- *DTA1:PROG3 --- specify binary object to load
- *SYS:/S --- let the loader find the appropriate subroutine libraries
- .SAVE DTA1:PROG3 --- write the executable to DTA1
:::(The DOT is a monitor prompt and the Star/Asterisk is an application prompt)
The PDP-10 had CCL. Key to its improvements over its predecessor were:{{cite magazine
|magazine=The DEC Professional
|date=July 1982 |page=34 |author=Peter Clark |title=DEC TIMESHARING (1965)}}
- multi-step commands: .EX PROG3,SUB3A,SUB3B
::* would check to see if any of the 3 needed to be recompiled (and did so if necessary)
::* run the object program loader (including needed subroutine libraries)
::* start running the program
- advanced command file: .EX @RUNPROG3.CMD
::* would run the command(s) in the .CMD file
Commands
The following table contains a list of CCL commands.
| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: small;"
|+List of CCL commands |
| scope="col" | CCL command (full form) ! scope="col" | CCL command ! scope="col" | Description |
|---|
| scope="row" | BACKSPACE
|BAC |Runs CAMP. A magnetic tape or cassette is spaced backward a specified number of files or records. |
| scope="row" | BOOT
|BO | |
| scope="row" | CCL
|CCL |Disables the CCL program on the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor residing on the system device. |
| scope="row" | COMPARE
|COMP |Runs SRCCOM. Compares/shows differences between two source files. Although line by line, permits "catch up." |
| scope="row" | COMPILE
|COM |Produces binary files and/or compilation listings for specified program files. |
| scope="row" | COPY
|COP |Transfers files from one I/O device to another. |
| scope="row" | CORE
|COR | |
| scope="row" | CREATE
|CREA |Runs EDIT and opens a new file for creation. |
| scope="row" | CREF
|CREF | |
| scope="row" | DATE
|DA | |
| scope="row" | DEASSIGN
|DEA | |
| scope="row" | DELETE
|DEL |Deletes one or more files from disk or DECtape. |
| scope="row" | DIRECT
|DIR | |
| scope="row" | EDIT
|ED |Runs EDIT. Opens an already existing file for editing. |
| scope="row" | EOF
|EOF | |
| scope="row" | EXECUTE
|EXE | |
| scope="row" | HELP
|HE |Prints information on specified OS/8 programs. |
| scope="row" | LIST
|LI | |
| scope="row" | LOAD
|LO | |
| scope="row" | MAKE
|MAK |Runs TECO. Opens the specified file for output. |
| scope="row" | MAP
|MAP |Runs BITMAP. |
| scope="row" | MUNG
|MUNG |Runs a TECO Macro; command line parameters give added adaptability. |
| scope="row" | PAL
|PAL |Runs PAL8. Assembles the source file specified as the argument. |
| scope="row" | PRINT
|PRI |Runs a program named LPTSPL. |
| scope="row" | PUNCH
|PU |Runs PIP. Punches the file specified on paper tape. |
| scope="row" | RENAME
|REN |Renames one or more files on disk or DECtape. |
| scope="row" | RES
|RES |Runs RESORC. |
| scope="row" | REWIND
|REW | |
| scope="row" | SKIP
|SKIP | |
| scope="row" | SQUISH
|SQ |Runs PIP's "squeeze" / defrag tool{{cn|date=August 2023}} |
| scope="row" | SUBMIT
|SU |Runs the BATCH program. |
| scope="row" | TECO
|TE |(Text Editor and COrrector, a sophisticated text editor with MACRO capabilities). |
| scope="row" | TYPE
|TY | |
| scope="row" | UA
|UA | |
| scope="row" | UB
|UB | |
| scope="row" | UC
|UC | |
| scope="row" | UNLOAD
|UNL | |
| scope="row" | VERSION
|VER |Prints the version numbers of the OS/8 Keyboard Monitor and CCL. |
| scope="row" | ZERO
|ZERO | |
References
{{Reflist}}