Concordion

{{Short description|Specification by example framework}}

{{Distinguish|Concordian (disambiguation){{!}}Concordian}}

{{Infobox software

| name = Concordion

| logo = Concordion-logo-web-green.png

| logo size = 150px

| screenshot =

| caption =

| author = David Peterson

| developer = Nigel Charman, et al.

| latest release version = 3.0.1

| latest release date = {{start date and age|2020|07|04}}

| programming language = Java, .NET

| operating system = Cross-platform

| genre = Specification by example tool

| license = Apache License 2.0

| website = {{Official URL}}

}}

Concordion is a specification by example framework originally developed by David Peterson,{{cite book |last=Gärtner |first=Markus |date=Jul 2012 |title=ATDD by Example: A Practical Guide to Acceptance Test-Driven Development |url=http://www.pearsoned.co.uk/bookshop/detail.asp?WT.oss=atdd%20by%20example&WT.oss_r=1&item=100000000444627 |publisher=Addison-Wesley Professional |isbn=978-0321784155 }} and now maintained by a team of contributors,{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/orgs/concordion/people|title=concordion|website=GitHub|access-date=2016-09-04}} led by Nigel Charman.

Inspired by the Fit Framework, David states the following aims were behind Concordion:{{cite web|url = http://www.concordion.org/Questions.html |title = Concordion FAQ |accessdate = May 2, 2011}}.

  • Improved readability of documents
  • More "opinionated" (scripting is actively discouraged)
  • Easier to use

How it works

Concordion specifications are written in Markdown, HTML or Excel{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/concordion/concordion-excel-extension|title=concordion/concordion-excel-extension|website=GitHub|access-date=2016-09-04}} and then instrumented with special links, attributes or comments respectively. When the corresponding test fixture class is run, Concordion interprets the instrumentation to execute the test. Rather than forcing product owners to specify requirements in a specially structured language, Concordion lets you write them in normal language using paragraphs, tables and proper punctuation. This makes the specifications much more natural to read and write, and helps everyone to understand and agree about what a feature is supposed to do.{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Tim |last2=Goucher |first2=Adam |date=October 2009 |title=Beautiful Testing: Leading Professionals Reveal How They Improve Software |url=http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9780596159825.do |publisher=O'Reilly Media |page=350 |isbn=978-0596159818 }}

The Markdown, HTML or Excel files are typically stored with the source code, which has the benefit that they can be under the same version control system as the rest of the code ensuring the specification and tests are branched and merged along with the main source code.

Concordion includes a flexible extension mechanism{{Cite web|url=http://concordion.org/extensions/java/markdown/|title=Concordion {{!}} Extensions {{!}} Java|website=concordion.org|access-date=2016-09-04}} for adding functionality, for example implementing new commands, listening to events, or modifying the output documentation. By providing functionality such as embedding screenshots,{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/concordion/concordion-screenshot-extension|title=concordion/concordion-screenshot-extension|website=GitHub|access-date=2016-09-04}} storyboards{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/concordion/concordion-storyboard-extension|title=concordion/concordion-storyboard-extension|website=GitHub|access-date=2016-09-04}} or logging output,{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/concordion/concordion-logback-extension|title=concordion/concordion-logback-extension|website=GitHub|access-date=2016-09-04}} extensions provide confidence in what the test is doing without locking the test into a specific implementation.{{Cite web|url=http://blog.davidpeterson.co.uk/2011/01/concordion-extensions.html|title=David Peterson: Concordion Extensions|website=blog.davidpeterson.co.uk|access-date=2016-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911070641/http://blog.davidpeterson.co.uk/2011/01/concordion-extensions.html|archive-date=2016-09-11|url-status=dead}}

Concordion enriches agile processes{{cite conference |title=An Automated Approach for Acceptance Web Test Case Modeling and Executing |last1=Besson |first1=Felipe M. |last2=Beder |first2=Delano M. |last3=Chaim |first3=Marcos L. |date=June 2010 |conference=11th International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2010 |conference-url=http://xp2010.org/ |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |book-title=Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming |pages=160–165 |location=Trondheim, Norway |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-13054-0_12}} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718111614/http://xp2010.org/ |date=2014-07-18 }} and has been successfully applied in industrial context.{{Cite journal |last=Latorre |first=Latorre |date=2014-06-01 |title=A successful application of a Test-Driven Development strategy in the industrial environment |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257208780 |journal=Empirical Software Engineering |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=753–773 |doi=10.1007/s10664-013-9281-9|s2cid=15196251 }}

Example

= Markdown format specification =

class="wikitable"

|+ style="text-align:left;" | HelloWorld.md

! style="text-align:right;" | Before instrumentation

|

The greeting for World is Hello World!

style="text-align:right;" | After instrumentation

|

The greeting for [World](- "#name") is [Hello World!](- "?=greetingFor(#name)")

= HTML format specification =

class="wikitable"

|+ style="text-align:left;" | HelloWorld.html

! style="text-align:right;" |Before instrumentation

|

The greeting for World is Hello World!

style="text-align:right;" | After instrumentation

|

The greeting for World is

Hello World!

= The fixture code =

; HelloWorldTest.java

: The fixture that works with the instrumentation

package org.wikipedia;

import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)

public class HelloWorldTest {

public String greetingFor(String firstName) {

return "Hello " + firstName + "!";

}

}

Integrated Development Environment Support

The Concordion Support plugin for the IntelliJ IDEA Integrated development environment (IDE) simplifies development of fixtures and specifications with features including autocompletion, navigation between spec and test fixture, renaming, running tests, inspections and quick fixes.{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/concordion/idea-concordion-support|title=concordion/idea-concordion-support|website=GitHub|access-date=2016-09-04}}

The Eclipse (software) Concordion plugin is much more limited and hasn't been updated since 2011.{{Cite web|url=https://code.google.com/archive/p/concordion-eclipse/|title=Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting.|website=code.google.com|access-date=2016-09-04}} The original author has stopped using Concordion and Eclipse and is unable to accommodate the necessary time to extend and maintain the plugin.{{Cite web|url=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/concordion/F-16dOWgwBg/LqbOCS_RBQAJ|title=Google Groups|website=groups.google.com|access-date=2016-09-04}}

Ports

Concordion has been ported to other languages including:

  • C# ([http://concordion.org/dotnet/ Concordion.NET])
  • Python ([http://code.google.com/p/pyconcordion/ PyConcordion])
  • Ruby ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110826105258/http://ruby-concordion.rubyforge.org/ Ruby-Concordion])

References

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