Confederation of Iranian Students

{{Expand Persian|کنفدراسیون جهانی محصلین و دانشجویان ایرانی-اتحادیهٔ ملی|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox organization

| name = Confederation of Iranian Students

| formation = early 1960s

| full_name = Confederation of Iranian Students National Union

| native name = کنفدراسیون جهانی محصلین و دانشجویان ایرانی – اتحادیهٔ ملی

| native_name_lang = fa

| abbreviation = CISNU

| nickname = Confederation

| formerly = Federation of Iranian Students' Islamic Societies in Europe and America

| predecessor = Iranian Students Association in the United States,
Confederation of Iranian Students (Europe)

| type = non-governmental organization

| website = https://cisnu.com/

}}

Confederation of Iranian Students National Union ({{langx|fa|کنفدراسیون جهانی محصلین و دانشجویان ایرانی – اتحادیهٔ ملی}}; Konfederāsiyon-e Jahāni-ye Mohasselin va Dāneshjuyān-e Irāni – Ettehādiye-ye Melli, simply known as the Confederation, or the Federation of Iranian Students){{Cite book|last=Rachlin|first=Nahid|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHelOWp2CU0C|title=Persian Girls: A Memoir|date=2007-12-27|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-101-00770-9|language=en}} was an international non-governmental organization purposed as the students' union of Iranians studying abroad active during the 1960s and 1970s.{{cite encyclopedia|title=Confederation of Iranian Students, National Union|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|publisher=Bibliotheca Persica Press|location=New York City|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/confederation-of-iranian-students|access-date=October 28, 2011|date=December 15, 1992|orig-year=|editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|editor-link=Ehsan Yarshater|series=2|volume=VI|pages=122–125|last1=Matin-Asgari|first1=Afshin}} It was more active in Germany, France, England and the United States, among other countries. The Confederation was a politically autonomous organization, made up by sympathizers of different Iranian opposition groups to Shah.

History

In 1952, the Iranian Students Association in the United States (ISAUS) had been founded, an effort by the Iranian embassy and American Friends of the Middle East, which has since been linked to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In April 1960 student representatives from Germany, France, and England met in Heidelberg and established the Confederation of Iranian Students (CIS) in Europe. These two groups ISAUS and CIS merged to form the Confederation of Iranian Students National Union.{{Cite web|title=Confederation of Iranian Students|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/confederation-iranian-students|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Encyclopedia.com}}

By the 1960s, there had been an international emergence of political opposition to the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's leadership in Iran. Many additional student groups supporting the Iranian opposition organized together to join the Confederation, including the Iran Liberation Movement, Socialist League of the Iranian National Movement, Revolutionary Organization of the Tudeh Party, Storm Marxist-Leninist Organization, as well as others.

In 1965, some CISNU leaders were arrested for attempting to murder Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi; as a result the event the group pushed towards more "radicalization". By 1971, the Iranian government stated CISNU to be an illegal group.

In 1973, 18,035 Iranian passport holders were officially recorded as living abroad on foreign student visas, 93% of whom were male.{{Cite web|last=Matin-Asgari|first=Afshin|date=December 15, 1997|title=Education xxi. Education Abroad|url=https://iranicaonline.org/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume VIII|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation|page=226-230|language=en-US}} Of these students, 42% were living in the United States, 24% in Germany, 10% in the United Kingdom, 6% in Austria, and 5% in France.

= Events =

In May and June 1967, the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi visited West Germany.{{Cite web|last=Abadi|first=Eskandar|date=February 6, 2017|title=50 years ago: How the Shah of Iran's visit impacted German history|url=https://www.dw.com/en/50-years-ago-how-the-shah-of-irans-visit-impacted-german-history/a-39096262|access-date=2022-01-27|website=DW.com|publisher=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB}} On June 2, 1967 in West Berlin, Iranian and German students (including the Socialist German Student Union) protested the Shahs visit, and it resulted in one student dying.{{Cite book|last=Michel|first=Eckard|title=Schahbesuch 1967. Fanal für die Studentenbewegung|publisher=Links Christoph Verlag|year=2017|isbn=978-3861539438|language=De|trans-title=The Shah's Visit in 1967. Beacon of the Student Movement}} The CISNU were part of the forefront of European-wide protests in 1967 and 1968.

In the United States on October 14, 1971, a bomb exploded around 11:30 PM in the {{III|Iranian Consulate San Francisco|qid=Q110706088}} located at 3400 Washington Street while the 2500th anniversary of the creation of the Persian empire was being celebrated in Iran. The explosion did not cause any injuries. Prior to that, the consulate had been the site of protests against the Shah's regime and policies. So, some linked this event to the Confederation. However, the leaders of the Confederation of Iranian Students in the Bay Area denied responsibility.{{Cite news|date=October 15, 1971|title=Explosion At The Iranian Consulate In San Francisco|work=CBS5 KPIX-TV|type=video|url=https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/238279}}

During the late 1970s, Iranian student activists, seeking an Iran free of U.S. intervention, sought to inform Americans about the involvement of the CIA in a 1953 coup that had brought Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran's throne. They urged President Jimmy Carter to incorporate human rights into U.S. foreign policy.{{cite journal |last1=Teague |first1=William |date=November 2024 |title=Resistance/Rise:Iranian Student Activism in the Late 1970s U.S. |journal=History of Education Quarterly |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=510-537 |doi=10.1017/heq.2024.43|doi-access=free }}

Confederation of Iranian Students

History

= Events =

See also

References

Further reading