Conolophus pallidus

{{Speciesbox

| name = Conolophus pallidus

| image = Conolophuspallidus-santafe.jpg

| status = VU

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status2 = CITES_A2

| status2_system = CITES

| status2_ref = {{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}

| genus = Conolophus

| species = pallidus

| authority = Heller, 1903

| synonyms =

|status_ref={{cite iucn |author1=Gentile, G. |author1-link=species:Gabriele Gentile |author2=Grant, T.D. |date=2020 |title=Conolophus pallidus |volume=2020 |page=e.T5239A3014028 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T5239A3014028.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}

}}

Conolophus pallidus, also known commonly as the Santa Fe land iguana and the Barrington land iguana, is a species of lizard in the family Iguanidae. It is one of three species in the genus Conolophus and is endemic to Santa Fe Island in the Galapagos.

{{cite web

|last=Freda

|title=Land iguanas

|work=Charles Darwin Research Station Fact Sheet

|publisher=Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands

|date=2006

|url=http://www.darwinfoundation.org/files/species/pdf/land-iguana-en.pdf

|accessdate=2007-10-14

|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606214921/http://www.darwinfoundation.org/files/species/pdf/land-iguana-en.pdf

|archivedate=2007-06-06

|url-status=dead

}}{{Cite iucn |author=World Conservation Monitoring Centre |author-link=World Conservation Monitoring Centre |title=Conolophus pallidus |volume=1996 |page=e.T5239A11121073 |date=1996 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T5239A11121073.en}}

Taxonomy

The species Conolophus pallidus was first described by American zoologist Edmund Heller in 1903. Some authorities have questioned whether C. pallidus is a valid species in its own right or merely a variant or subspecies of the Galapagos land iguana (C. subcristatus) found on other islands in the Galapagos.{{cite book |last=Rassmann |first=Kornelia |last2=Markmann |first2=Melanie |last3=Trillmich |first3=Fritz |last4=Tautz |first4=Diethard |chapter=Tracing the Evolution of the Galapagos Iguanas |title=in: Iguanas: Biology and Conservation |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley, California |pages=71–83 |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-520-23854-1}}

Etymology

The specific name, pallidus, is Latin for "pale", denoting its lighter coloration than C. subcristatus.

Morphology

The Santa Fe land iguana is similar to the Galapagos land iguana except that the Santa Fe land iguana is paler yellow with a longer more tapered snout and more pronounced dorsal spines.

The Santa Fe land iguana grows to a total length (including tail) of {{convert|3|ft|m|abbr=on|disp=flip}} with a body weight of up to {{convert|25|lb|kg|abbr=on|disp=flip}}.{{cite book |last=Rogers |first=Barbara |title=Galapagos |publisher=Mallard Press |location=New York |pages=51 |date=1990 |isbn=978-0-7924-5192-1}}

Behavior and ecology

Being cold-blooded, Conolophis pallidus absorbs heat from the sun, basking on volcanic rocks, and at night sleeps in burrows to conserve its body heat. This iguana also enjoys a symbiotic relationship with the island's finches; the birds remove parasites and ticks, providing relief to the iguana and food for the birds.{{cite book |last=Kricher |first=John |title=Galapagos: A Natural History |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey |pages=9,51,91,200 |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-691-12633-3}}

Diet

The Santa Fe land iguana is primarily herbivorous. However, some individuals have shown that it is an opportunistic carnivore supplementing its diet with insects, centipedes, and carrion. Because fresh water is scarce on the islands it inhabits, C. pallidus obtains the majority of its moisture from the prickly-pear cactus that makes up 80% of its diet. It eats the fruit, flowers, pads, and even the spines. During the rainy season it will drink from available standing pools of water and eat yellow flowers of the genus Portulaca.