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Consolida

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Consolida ajacis sl3.jpg

|image_caption = Consolida ajacis

|display_parents = 2

|taxon = Consolida

|authority = Gray

}}

Consolida is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that Consolida is actually an annual clade nested within the genus Delphinium{{Cite journal |last=Jabbour |first=Florian |last2=Renner |first2=Susanne S. |date=2011 |title=Consolida and Aconitella are an annual clade of Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) that diversified in the Mediterranean basin and the Irano-Turanian region |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41317324 |journal=Taxon |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=1029–1040 |doi=10.1002/tax.604007 |issn=0040-0262 |jstor=41317324 |url-access=subscription}}{{Cite journal |last=Jabbour |first=Florian |last2=Renner |first2=Susanne S. |date=2012-03-01 |title=A phylogeny of Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) shows that Aconitum is nested within Delphinium and that Late Miocene transitions to long life cycles in the Himalayas and Southwest China coincide with bursts in diversification |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790311005112 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=928–942 |bibcode=2012MolPE..62..928J |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.005 |issn=1055-7903 |pmid=22182994 |url-access=subscription}} and it has been treated as a synonym of Delphinium in Kew's Plants of the World Online.{{r|powo}} The name of the genus comes from an archaic use of consolidation, meaning "healing", in reference to the plant's medieval use for healing wounds.Helga George. "Larkspur" entry. Encyclopedia of Cultivated Plants: From Acacia to Zinnia. Volume 2. Christopher Cumo, ed. ABC-CLIO, 2013. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ja7WAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA551 p. 551.] {{ISBN|9781598847758}}

Consolida differs from other species of Delphinium (mostly perennials) in the flower structure, with only one united petal, rather than the four separate petals (or more in cultivars) found in other delphiniums, and in the fruit, which comprises a single follicle, instead of a cluster of three to five together.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

It is a popular garden plant and cut flower, grown from seed every year, with numerous cultivars in shades of pink, blue, purple and white.{{Cite book |title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |year=2008 |isbn=978-1405332965 |location=United Kingdom |pages=1136}} In seed catalogues it is usually labelled as larkspur, a common name referring to the shape of the spurred calyx, with "delphinium" reserved for its perennial relatives.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

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Species

There are more than 50 species in Consolida:{{Cite web |title=Consolida |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/958845bd7f76e14563f0189b92b59a40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018044247/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/958845bd7f76e14563f0189b92b59a40 |archive-date=2020-10-18 |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=Catalogue of Life - 2020-09-01 Beta : Taxonomic tree}}{{Cite web |title=Consolida |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Ranunculaceae/Consolida/ |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=The Plant List}}

Toxicity

All parts of the plant are toxic to humans, especially the seeds.{{cn|date=September 2020}}

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Cite web |title=Consolida Gray |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30009558-2 |access-date=24 September 2020 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew}}

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  • [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6434,6458 Jepson Manual Treatment]

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Category:Ranunculaceae genera

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