Constantin Cristescu

He was born on 2 December 1866 in Pădureți village, in Argeș County. He attended the gymnasium in Pitești and the School for Sons of Military in Craiova. In 1887 he graduated first in his class from the Infantry and Cavalry Officers School in Bucharest, with the rank of second lieutenant. Cristescu pursued his studies at the École Polytechnique in Paris in 1890, the School of Artillery and Engineering Application of Fontainebleau in 1892, and the Superior School of War in Paris in 1894.

Cristescu was promoted to lieutenant (1890), captain (1894), major (1902), lieutenant colonel (1907), and colonel (1910). He became Chief of the Romanian General Staff on 2 December 1913, and served in this role until 1 April 1914. He played an important role in the development of the operational plans of the Romanian Army in the years prior to the entry of Romania in World War I, including the Hypothesis Z plan. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1914.

During the Romanian Campaign of World War I, Cristescu was Chief of Staff of the 2nd and 3rd Romanian Armies and later of Army Group General Averescu. From 10 November to 5 December 1916 he was Commander of the Northern Army. In 1917 he was promoted to major general. In June of that year he took command of the Romanian 1st Army, during the operations leading up to the Battle of Mărășești, against the German 9th Army. The German offensive began on 24 July with a sustained artillery bombardment. Despite the failure of large Russian units that refused to fight and retreated, the 1st Army together with the remaining troops of the Russian 4th Army fought back. Cristescu took upon himself the difficult task of reconstituting the front line; a single front was created through fierce fighting, supported by a strong artillery barrage, and by 6 August the German attack was repulsed.{{cite web|url=https://identitatea.ro/batalia-de-la-marasesti-momentul-cand-au-murit-oamenii-si-s-au-nascut-eroii/|title=Bătălia de la Mărășești- momentul când au murit oamenii și s-au născut eroii| website=identitatea.ro|language=ro|access-date=29 May 2020}} He continued to lead the 1st Army Mărășești until 11 August, when he was succeeded by General Eremia Grigorescu.

In 1918 Cristescu was promoted to Lieutenant General.Ministerul de Răsboiu, Anuarul Armatei Române pe anul 1916, Tipografia „Universala” Iancu Ionescu, București, 1916 He served for a second time as Chief of the General Staff from 1 April to 28 October 1918.

After the end of the War, Cristescu served for a third and final term as Chief of the General Staff (1 April 1920 to 8 May 1923),{{cite web|url=https://www.defense.ro/foto/album1-1/20|title=Chiefs of General Staff|website=defense.ro|language=ro|access-date=29 May 2020}} during which time he coordinated the organization of the new national Army of Greater Romania. He died on 9 May 1923 in Bucharest, and was buried at Bellu Cemetery, in the same city.{{cite web|url=https://www.forter.ro/ministerul-apararii-nationale/90-de-ani-de-la-trecerea-în-eternitate-generalului-constantin-cristescu/12877|title=90 de ani de la trecerea în eternitate a generalului Constantin Cristescu|first=Cristian|last= Surugiu|date=9 May 2013|website=forter.ro|language=ro|access-date=29 May 2020}}

• Officer of the Order of the Star of Romania (1904)
• Officer of the Order of the Crown (Romania, 1909)
• Order of Bene Merenti of the Royal House, 1st class (Romania, 1910)
• Grand officer of the Order of Franz Joseph (Austria-Hungary)
• Grand officer of the Order of St. Sava (Serbia, 1913)

In Bucharest, Pitești, and Slatina streets are named General Constantin Cristescu after him. Also, schools in Bogați and Lunca Corbului bear his name.

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• {{cite book|first=Constantin|last= Kirițescu|author-link=Constantin Kirițescu|title=Istoria războiului pentru întregirea României: 1916–1919|year= 1922|language=ro|location=Bucureşti |publisher= România Nouă|oclc=935411585}}

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Category:1866 births

Category:1923 deaths

Category:People from Argeș County

Category:Romanian Land Forces generals

Category:Romanian Army World War I generals

Category:Officers of the Order of the Star of Romania

Category:École Polytechnique alumni

Category:Burials at Bellu Cemetery

Category:Officers of the Order of the Crown (Romania)

Category:Romanian military personnel of the Second Balkan War

Category:Recipients of the Order of Franz Joseph

Category:Great Officers of the Order of St. Sava

Category:Chiefs of the General Staff of Romania

Category:People from the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia