Constellation-class frigate
{{Short description|U.S. guided-missile frigates under construction}}
The Constellation class of multi-mission guided-missile frigates is a United States Navy class of frigate based on the European FREMM multipurpose frigate, already in service with the Italian and French navies. Constellation follows the modular but problematic littoral combat ships of the Freedom and Independence classes.{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/R44972.pdf |title=Navy Frigate (FFG[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress |last=O'Rourke |first=Ronald |publisher=Congressional Research Service |date=8 December 2017 |access-date=17 February 2018}} The U.S. Navy announced the FFG(X) frigate project in the United States Department of Defense's Request For Information (RFI) in July 2017.{{cite web |url=https://www.defensenews.com/breaking-news/2017/07/10/frigate-competition-wide-open-navy-specs-reveal-major-design-shift/ |title=Frigate competition wide open: Navy specs reveal major design shift |last=Larter |first=David B. |work=Defense News |publisher=Sightline Media Group |date=10 July 2017 |access-date=19 January 2018}}{{cite news |url=https://news.usni.org/2017/07/10/navy-releases-details-of-new-ffgx-guided-missile-frigate-program-in-request-to-industry |title= Navy Releases Details of New FFG(X) Guided-Missile Frigate Program in Request to Industry |last=Eckstein |first=Megan |date=10 July 2017 |work=USNI News |publisher=U.S. Naval Institute |access-date=17 February 2018}}
The Navy selected five shipbuilders to present their ideas for a prospective design for the proposed twenty FFG(X) guided-missile frigates.{{cite news |url=https://news.usni.org/2018/02/16/navy-picks-five-contenders-next-generation-frigate-ffgxprogram |title=Navy Picks Five Contenders for Next Generation Frigate FFG(X) Program |last1=LaGrone |first1=Sam |last2=Eckstein |first2=Megan |date=16 February 2018 |work=USNI News |publisher=U.S. Naval Institute |access-date=17 February 2018}} In April 2020, the Navy announced that Fincantieri Marinette Marine had won the contract with a modified design based on the FREMM, designed by Naval Group and Fincantieri. The project was later renamed FFG-62 program after the lead ship of her class.{{Cite web |date=2021-08-31 |title=Report to Congress on Constellation-class Frigate Program (FFG-62) |url=https://news.usni.org/2021/08/31/report-to-congress-on-constellation-class-frigate-program-ffg-62-6 |access-date=2021-09-05 |website=USNI News |language=en-US}}
Development
The U.S. Navy procured the first FFG 62 in FY2020.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} The next was awarded in April 2021, and the third in FY22. The U.S. Navy's proposed FY2020 budget request was $1.281-billion for the procurement of the first FFG 62. The U.S. Navy's FY2020 budget submission shows that subsequent ships in the class are estimated by the Navy to cost $850 to $950-million each in then-year dollars.{{Cite web |url=https://news.usni.org/2019/10/18/report-to-congress-on-u-s-navy-frigate-ffgx-program-5 |title=Report to Congress on U.S. Navy Frigate FFG(X) Program |date=2019-10-18 |website=USNI News |language=en-US |access-date=2019-10-19}}{{Cite web |last1=Larter |first1=David |title=Here's the latest on the US Navy's new Constellation-class frigate |url=https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/surface-navy-association/2021/01/12/heres-the-latest-on-the-us-navys-new-constellation-class-frigate |work= Breaking Defense |date=12 January 2021 |access-date=4 March 2021}}
Design
File:Proposed Government Furnished Equipment for FFG(X).png
The U.S. Navy's intention to buy the first FFG(X) in 2020 did not allow enough time to develop a completely new design for the platform. Consequently, the U.S. Navy intended for the design of the FFG(X) to be a modified version of an existing "parent" ship design.{{rp|8}} The RFI says, "A competition for FFG(X) is envisioned to consider existing parent designs for a Small Surface Combatant that can be modified to accommodate the specific capability requirements prescribed by the U.S. Navy."
The U.S. Navy wanted a frigate that could keep up with the aircraft carriers and have sensors networked in with the rest of the fleet to expand the overall tactical picture available to the group. "The FFG(X) will normally aggregate into strike groups and Large Surface Combatant led surface action groups but also possess the ability to robustly defend itself during conduct of independent operations while connected and contributing to the fleet tactical grid."
In January 2019, the U.S. Navy announced that the new frigate will have a minimum of 32 Mark 41 Vertical Launch System cells aboard the ship for primarily anti-air warfare for self-defense or escort missions.{{Cite web |last=LaGrone |first=Sam |date=2019-01-22 |title=Navy Squeezing Costs Out of FFG(X) Program as Requirements Solidify |url=https://news.usni.org/2019/01/22/navy-squeezing-costs-ffgx-program-requirements-solidify |access-date=2019-02-09 |website=USNI News |language=en-US}}
The U.S. Navy would like for the ship to be able to:{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}
- Destroy surface ships over the horizon,
- Detect enemy submarines,
- Defend convoy ships,
- Employ active and passive electronic warfare systems,
- Defend against swarming small boat attacks.
The class will use a Combined Diesel Electric and Gas Hull, Mechanical and Electrical (HM&E) propulsion system, which has never been used in any other U.S. Navy ship.{{Cite web |last=Larter |first=David B. |date=2020-12-06 |title=Citing littoral combat ship failures, Congress pushes the US Navy to get FFG(X) right |url=https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2020/12/04/citing-littoral-combat-ship-failures-congress-pushes-the-us-navy-to-get-ffgx-right/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |website=Defense News |language=en-US}} The new propulsion system will be required to be tested on land in order to reduce the risk of engine failure, which has plagued the previous littoral combat ship (LCS) program.
The ongoing difficulties with the LCS were a major factor in the US Navy's decision to kickstart the Constellation program. According to the Congressional Research Service, ongoing concerns include LCS survivability in a conflict, their limited armament, and their ability to complete the missions they were designed for.{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Richard |date=2023-01-24 |title=Was the US Navy's Littoral Combat Ship a mistake? |url=https://www.naval-technology.com/features/was-the-us-navys-littoral-combat-ship-a-mistake/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Naval Technology |language=en-US}} Other problems include their high cost (double original projection), and maintenance costs.{{Cite news |date=2023-02-04 |title=The Pentagon Saw a Warship Boondoggle. Congress Saw Jobs. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/04/us/politics/littoral-combat-ships-lobbying.html |access-date=2023-03-21}}
= Contenders =
Six shipbuilders submitted proposals for conceptual designs to the U.S. Navy FFG(X) Frigate program.{{cite web |url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/naval-exhibitions/2018/sna-2018/5867-sna-2018-contenders-for-the-u-s-navy-ffg-x-frigate-program.html |title=SNA 2018: Contenders for the U.S. Navy FFG(X) Frigate Program |editor-last=Vavasseur |editor-first=Xavier |work=Navy Recognition |date=18 January 2018 |access-date=19 January 2018}}{{cite press release |url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract/Article/1444724/ |title= Contracts |date=16 February 2018 |id= CR-032-18 |publisher=U.S. Department of Defense |access-date=17 February 2018 |quote="…six offers received."}} In February 2018, the U.S. Navy announced that from these proposals they had selected five shipbuilders with each awarded a $15-million contract to produce conceptual designs for the FFG(X). These shipbuilders were Austal USA, Fincantieri Marine Group, General Dynamics, Huntington Ingalls Industries, and Lockheed Martin.
Atlas North America submitted the MEKO A-200, but was not selected for a conceptual design contract. Ship designs from these five shipbuilders were evaluated by the U.S. Navy to inform the final specifications that would be used for the FFG(X) request for proposal in 2019, and the intended contract award in 2020.
In May 2019, Lockheed Martin withdrew from the competition.{{cite web|last=LaGrone|first=Sam|date=28 May 2019|title=Lockheed Martin Won't Submit Freedom LCS Design for FFG(X) Contest|url=https://news.usni.org/2019/05/28/lockheed-martin-wont-submit-freedom-lcs-design-for-ffgx-contest|access-date=28 May 2019|publisher=USNI News}}
class="wikitable"
|+ !Shipbuilder !Parent Design !Proposal Name !Length (m) !Crew !Contract Awarded |
Austal USA |
---|
Fincantieri Marine Group
|European multipurpose frigate (FREMM) |FREMM |Detail Design and Construction (DD&C){{Cite web |date=2022-07-15 |title=Report to Congress on Constellation-class Frigate Program (FFG-62) |url=https://news.usni.org/2022/07/15/report-to-congress-on-constellation-class-frigate-program-ffg-62-11 |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=USNI News |language=en-US}} |
General Dynamics / Bath Iron Works |
Huntington Ingalls Industries |
Lockheed Martin |
Atlas North America
|None |
= Contract award =
On 30 April 2020, it was announced that Fincantieri Marinette Marine's FREMM design had won the contest and was awarded a $795-million contract for detailed design and construction of the lead ship, with options for nine additional ships.{{cite news |last1=Eckstein |first1=Megan |title=Fincantieri Wins $795M Contract for Navy Frigate Program |url=https://news.usni.org/2020/04/30/fincantieri-wins-795m-contract-for-navy-frigate-program |work= USNI News |access-date=30 April 2020 |date=30 April 2020}} In May 2021, the U.S. Navy issued Fincantieri Marinette Marine a $554-million contract to start building the future {{USS|Congress|FFG-63}}.{{Cite web|date=2021-05-20|title=Navy Issues $554M Contract Modification for Second Navy Frigate|url=https://news.usni.org/2021/05/20/navy-issues-554m-contract-modification-for-second-navy-frigate|access-date=2021-05-21|website=USNI News|language=en-US}}
Construction
On 2 April 2024, USNI News reported that the Constellation-class frigates were delayed by three years by issues concerning shipyard backlogs and a lack of skilled workers.{{Cite web |last1=Shelbourne |first1=Mallory |last2=LaGrone |first2=Sam |date=April 2, 2024 |title=Constellation Frigate Delivery Delayed 3 Years, Says Navy |url=https://news.usni.org/2024/04/02/constellation-frigate-delivery-delayed-3-years-says-navy |access-date=April 5, 2024 |website=USNI News}} A year later, in April 2025, it was reported that the first frigate of the class, Constellation, was only 10 percent complete.{{cite web |author=Joseph Trevithick |date=10 April 2025 |title=First Constellation Frigate Only 10% Complete, Design Still Being Finalized |url=https://www.twz.com/sea/first-constellation-frigate-only-10-complete-design-still-being-finalized |website=The War Zone}} Furthermore, the design had yet to be finalized and approved.
Ships of the class
In June 2021, the Navy announced that Naval Station Everett in Washington would be the future home of the first 12 ships of the class.{{cite news |last1=Correll |first1=Diana |title=Naval Station Everett selected as homeport for Constellation-class frigates |url=https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2021/06/03/naval-station-everett-selected-as-homeport-for-constellation-class-frigates/ |work=Navy Times |publisher=Sightline Media Group |date=3 June 2021 |access-date=9 November 2021}}
= Naming =
In April 2020, it was revealed that four proposed names were put forward by outgoing acting Secretary of the Navy, Thomas Modly. He expressed a desire for the first ship to be named Agility with the class designated Agility class. Other names put forward were Intrepid, Endeavor, and Dauntless. However, Navy leaders said Modly's proposed names would not be adopted.{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Werner |title=Navy Leaders Sink Ship Names Proposed in SECNAV Modly's Last Days |url=https://news.usni.org/2020/04/08/navy-leaders-sink-ship-names-proposed-in-secnav-modlys-last-days |work=USNI News |publisher=United States Naval Institute |date=8 April 2020 |access-date=17 July 2020}} In July 2020, it was reported by The War Zone that the lead ship would be named USS Brooke (FFG-80).{{cite news |first=Joseph |last=Trevithick |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/34948/pentagon-notice-says-the-first-of-the-navys-new-frigates-will-be-named-uss-brooke |title=Pentagon Notice Says The First Of The Navy's New Frigates Will Be Named USS Brooke |work=The War Zone |publisher=The Drive |date=17 July 2020 |access-date=17 July 2020}} Later the U.S. Navy clarified via Twitter that reports about reusing the USS Brooke name for a new warship were erroneous.{{cite news |title= No, the US Navy will not name first of new class of frigates USS Brooke |url=https://defbrief.com/2020/07/18/no-the-us-navy-will-not-name-first-of-new-class-of-frigates-uss-brooke/ |publisher=Defense Brief |date=18 July 2020 |access-date=7 October 2020}}
In October 2020, Navy Secretary Kenneth Braithwaite announced the first FFG(X) frigate would be named USS Constellation (FFG-62).{{cite news |first=Megan |last=Eckstein |title=SECNAV Braithwaite Names First FFG(X) USS Constellation |url=https://news.usni.org/2020/10/07/secnav-braithwaite-names-first-ffgx-uss-constellation |work=USNI News |publisher=United States Naval Institute |date=7 October 2020 |access-date=7 October 2020}} In December 2020, Secretary Braithwaite announced that the second ship of the class will be named USS Congress (FFG-63).{{cite news |first1=Geoff |last1=Ziezulewicz |title=Navy bringing back U.S. Atlantic Fleet |url=https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2020/12/02/navy-bringing-back-us-atlantic-fleet/ |work=Navy Times |publisher=Sightline Media Group |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=2 December 2020}} In January 2021, Secretary Braithwaite announced that the third ship of the class will be named USS Chesapeake (FFG-64). All three ships are named after three of the U.S. Navy's original six frigates.
United States ship naming conventions have historically named frigates after U.S. Navy and Marine Corps heroes or leaders. A report to Congress in February 2021 advised that the U.S. Navy had not stated that this naming scheme was a change in their rules for naming ships.{{cite web |title=Navy Ship Names: Background for Congress |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS22478 |publisher=Congressional Research Service |id=RS22478 |date=4 February 2021}}
See also
{{Portal|United States}}
- {{sclass|Daegu|frigate|2}} (South Korea)
- Defence and intervention frigate (France)
- {{sclass|Mogami|frigate|2}} (Japan)
- {{sclass|Nilgiri|frigate|2||2019}} (India)
- {{sclass|Tamandaré|frigate|2}} (Brazil)
- Type 26 frigates (United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada)
- Type 31 frigates (United Kingdom, Poland, and Indonesia)
- Type 054B frigate (China)
- {{sclass|Admiral Gorshkov|frigate|2}} (Russia)
References
{{Reflist}}
{{US government sources}}
External links
- [https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=cdf24447b8015337e910d330a87518c6&tab=core&_cview=0 RFI Solicitation Number: N0002418R2300] - 2017-07-10; response by 24 August 2017
{{Constellation-class frigate}}
{{Active ship classes of the United States Navy}}
{{Marinette Marine}}