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Contarinia

{{short description|Genus of flies}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Contarinia pseudotsugae s.l. female (31918396982).jpg

| image_caption = Contarinia pseudotsugae

| taxon = Contarinia

| authority = Rondani, 1860

| type_species = Tipula loti

| type_species_authority = De Geer, 1776

| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}

  • Eudiplosis Kieffer, 1894
  • Stictodiplosis Kieffer, 1894
  • Contariuia Rübsaamen, 1906
  • Syndiplosis Rübsaamen, 1910
  • Atylodiplosis Rübsaamen, 1910
  • Doxodiplosis Kieffer, 1912
  • Dryodiplosis Kieffer, 1912
  • Navasodiplosis Tavares, 1920
  • Sissudiplosis Mani, 1943
  • Bothriochloamyia Rao & Sharma, 1977
  • Contarinomyia Fedotova, 1991
  • Achillinia Fedotova, 1992

{{hidden end}}

}}

Contarinia is a genus of midges, small flies in the family Cecidomyiidae. There are over 300 described species in the genus.{{Cite Q|Q109561625}}

Description

As cecidomyiids, adult Contarinia are flies with hairy wings and long antennae. Males have antennal flagellomeres equally binodose, with each node surrounded by one circumfilum. The palpi are four-segmented. The tarsal claws of the legs are simple. The wing costal vein is interrupted after its union with the radius or third vein.{{Citation |last=Edde |first=Peter A. |title=Arthropod pests of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) |date=2022 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128186213000094 |work=Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance |pages=74–139 |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-818621-3.00009-4 |isbn=978-0-12-818621-3 |access-date=2022-10-11|url-access=subscription }}

The genus was erected by Rondani and commemorate the naturalist Nicolò Bertucci Contarini.{{cite journal |author=Rondani, C. |year=1860 |title=Stirpis Cecidomynarum genera revisa. Nota undecima, pro dipterologia italica. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51051231 |journal=Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali |volume=2 |pages=286–294 |orig-date=1861}}

Ecology

Many species of Contarinia have herbivorous larvae that attack inflorescences, fruits, or buds of plants. They include a number of crop pests, such as C. nasturtii (attacks various parts of cruciferous plants),{{Cite journal |last=Stokes |first=Barbara M. |date=1953 |title=The host plant range of the Swede midge (contarinia nasturtii kieffer) with special reference to types of plant damage |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02106324 |journal=Tijdschrift over Plantenziekten |language=de |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=82–90 |doi=10.1007/BF02106324 |issn=0028-2944|url-access=subscription }} C. citri (attacks flowers of citrus),{{Cite Q|Q121211061}} C. pisi (attacks flower buds of legumes),{{Cite web |title=AgroAtlas - Pests - Contarinia pisi Winnetz - Pea midge |url=http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/pests/Contarinia_pisi/index.html |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=www.agroatlas.ru}} C. caryafloralis (attacks inflorescences of Chinese hickory){{Cite Q|Q57496634}} and C. pruniflorum (attacks flower buds of stone fruits).{{Cite journal |last1=Kaplan |first1=Mehmet |last2=İnal |first2=Behcet |date=2021 |title=Molecular and Morphological Identification of Contarinia pruniflorum Coutin & Rambier (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Which is a Harmful Pest in Apricot Orchards in Turkey |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10341-021-00602-5 |journal=Erwerbs-Obstbau |language=en |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=425–429 |doi=10.1007/s10341-021-00602-5 |issn=0014-0309|url-access=subscription }}

Two species of Contarinia are the main insects to visit inflorescences of Artocarpus integer (and possibly other plants). They are attracted by "a fruit-like, somewhat unpleasant smell" produced by the inflorescences. The adult midges feed on mycelia of Choanephora fungus (thus they are fungivorous, not herbivorous), which infects the male inflorescences, and females also oviposit in male inflorescences. Midge larvae hatch from the eggs, develop while also feeding on the fungus, pupate and then emerge from male inflorescences. Female inflorescences are not infected by the fungus and so cannot be used by the midges to breed, but they still attract Contarinia midges. The midges are known to carry pollen, so they are believed to pollinate A. integer - a pollination mutualism mediated by a pathogenic fungus.{{Cite Q|Q56094906}}

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Contarinia:{{cite web |url=http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=302809 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129115221/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=302809 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |title=Contarinia Rondani 1860 |work=Fauna Europaea |accessdate=2022-06-22}}

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References

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External links

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Category:Cecidomyiinae

Category:Cecidomyiidae genera

Category:Taxa named by Camillo Rondani

Category:Insects described in 1860