Conte cruel

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The conte cruel is, as The A to Z of Fantasy Literature by Brian Stableford states, a "short-story genre that takes its name from an 1883 collection by Villiers de l'Isle-Adam", although previous examples had been provided by such writers as Edgar Allan Poe. Some critics use the label to refer only to non-supernatural horror stories, especially those that have nasty climactic twists, but it is applicable to any story whose conclusion exploits the cruel aspects of the 'irony of fate.'{{cite book|author=Brian Stableford|title=The A to Z of Fantasy Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UHc3XTdJBxQC&pg=PA85|date=13 August 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6345-3|pages=85–}} The collection from which the short-story genre of the conte cruel takes its name is Contes cruels (1883, tr. Sardonic Tales, 1927) by Villiers de l'Isle-Adam. Also taking its name from this collection is Contes cruels (Cruel Tales), a two-volume set of about 150 tales and short stories by the 19th-century French writer Octave Mirbeau, collected and edited by Pierre Michel and Jean-François Nivet and published in two volumes in 1990 by Librairie Séguier.

Some noted writers in the conte cruel genre are Charles Birkin, Maurice Level, Patricia HighsmithFrançois Riviere,

[http://next.liberation.fr/culture/1995/02/06/patricia-highsmith-a-rejoint-les-eaux-profondes_124532 "Patricia Highsmith a rejoint les eaux profondes"] Libération, 6 February 1995. Retrieved 13 January 2018. and Roald Dahl, the latter of whom wrote Tales of the Unexpected. H. P. Lovecraft observed of Level's fiction in his essay "Supernatural Horror in Literature" (1927): "This type, however, is less a part of the weird tradition than a class peculiar to itself—the so-called conte cruel, in which the wrenching of the emotions is accomplished through dramatic tantalizations, frustrations, and gruesome physical horrors".{{cite book|author=Howard Phillips Lovecraft|title=At the Mountains of Madness|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CuWNI905KjIC&pg=PT188|year=1964|publisher=eBookIt.com|isbn=978-9949-9424-4-2|pages=188–}}

Brian M. Stableford observed that, by the 1980s, the conte cruel was the standard narrative form of soft science fiction,{{cite book|author=Brian M. Stableford|title=Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzmIPZg5xicC&pg=PA73|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4938-9|pages=73–}} in particular the works of Thomas M. Disch and John Sladek.