Contract adjustment board
In government contracting, a Contract Adjustment Board is a department board at the Secretariat level in the U.S. Government that deals with disputes and requests for extraordinary relief under Public Law 85-804(72 Stat. 972; 50 U.S.C. 1431) of Aug. 28, 1958.{{cite book|others=C. B. Cochrane, E. P. Vollmer|title=Glossary: Defense Acquisition Acronyms & Terms|publisher=Diane Publishing|year=1995|page=175|isbn=978-0-7881-2139-5|url=http://www.dau.mil/pubs/glossary/12th_Glossary_2005.pdf|access-date=2009-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825002535/http://www.dau.mil/pubs/glossary/12th_Glossary_2005.pdf|archive-date=2009-08-25|url-status=dead}}
Public Law No. 85-804, codified at 50 U.S.C. § 1431-35 (Supp. IV 1998), grants to the President the authority to authorize any agency which exercises functions in connection with the national defense to enter into contracts or into amendments or modifications of contracts, and to make advance payments, without regard to other applicable legal provisions whenever such action would facilitate the national defense. 50 U.S.C. § 1431. The legislative history of the statute indicates that it may also be used as the basis for making indemnity payments under certain government contracts, the so-called "residual powers. " ECR Current Materials at 1005, 1021. The legislative history explains that "[t]he need for indemnity clauses in most cases arises from the advent of nuclear power and the use of highly volatile fuels in the missile program. The magnitude of the risks involved under procurement contracts in these areas have rendered commercial insurance either unavailable or limited in coverage.{{Cite book|last1=dept.)|first1=United States Claims board (War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W9KgAAAAMAAJ&q=Contract+adjustment+board|title=Decisions of the War Department Board of Contract Adjustment|last2=Adjustment|first2=United States War Department Board of Contract|date=1920|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|language=en}}
History
During World War I, a "Board of Contract Adjustment" was created to determine "all claims, doubts and disputes which may arise under departmental contracts";{{cite book|title=Government War Contracts|author=Crowell, J.F.|date=1920|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://archive.org/details/governmentwarco01crowgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/governmentwarco01crowgoog/page/n332 314]|accessdate=2014-12-27}} it implemented the policies for Liquidation, Cancellation, and Adjustment of contracts.{{cite book|title=Government War Contracts|author=Crowell, J.F.|date=1920|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://archive.org/details/governmentwarco01crowgoog|accessdate=2014-12-27}}
According to Evans Reamer Machine Company v. United States. 386 F.2d 873, "since the early days of World War II," the main defense agencies have been authorized to grant discretionary relief to contractors suffering losses on account of mistakes.Title II, Section 201, First War Powers Act, 55 Stat. 838 (1941); Executive Order No. 9001, 6 F.R. 6787 (1941); Act of Jan. 12, 1951, 64 Stat. 1257; 50 U.S.C. App. Sec. 611 (1952 ed.); P.L. 85-804, 72 Stat. 972, 50 U.S.C. Secs. 1431–1435 (1958). The underpinning for the granting of relief must be a finding that such action would facilitate the national defense or prosecution of the war.See Kramer, Extraordinary Relief for War Contractors, 93 U. of Pa.L. Rev. 357, 360 (1945); Correction of Mistakes in Contracts Under Public Law 85-804, Government Contracts Monograph No. 1, p. 4 (The Geo. Wash. Univ.) (1961) Title II relief has been referred to variously as "far-reaching," "extraordinary," and "a snare and a delusion."See Fain and Watt, War Procurement — A New Pattern in Contracts, 44 Col. L. Rev. 127, 199 (1944) and McClelland, Title II — One Year Later: A Legislative Midsummer Night's Dream, 62 Dick. L. Rev. 327 (1958)
According to U.S. v. Utah Constr. & Mining Co., pursuant to a delegation by the President under Public Law 85—804,Public Law 85—804, 72 Stat. 972, 50 U.S.C. § 1431 (1964 ed.) government departments and agencies exercising functions in connection with the national defense may, upon a finding that such action would 'facilitate the national defense,' enter into amendments and modifications of contracts without regard to other provisions of law respecting such amendments and modifications. As implemented by the Atomic Energy Commission's procurement regulations,see ASPR, 32 CFR § 17.000 et seq.; AECPR, 41 CFR § 9—17.000 et seq., the authority conferred encompasses amendments without consideration, correction of mutual mistakes, and formalization of informal commitments. This authority, which in many respects is analogous to power to settle claims, is delegated to Contract Adjustment Boards established within the departments and agencies concerned separate from the Boards of Contract Appeals. Because the regulations preclude resort to the powers conferred by Public Law 85—804, "unless other legal authority in the Department concerned is deemed to be lacking or inadequate",ASPR, 32 CFR § 17.205—1(b)(2) the Army Contract Adjustment Board has generally required contractors to exhaust remedies before the ASBCA under the disputes clause.Blaw-Knox Co., ACAB Dkt. No. 1019, Nov. 2, 1960 Thus it is quite evident from the administration of Public Law 85—804 and its predecessors that the limitations on the jurisdiction of the Boards of Contract Appeals are well understood by the military procurement departments and Congress.
Examples
- The Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force each have a contract adjustment board.Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Conforming Changes--Standards of Conduct and Extraordinary Contractual Actions (DFARS Case 2008-D004) Defense Department Documents and Publications August 12, 2008
- The NASA Contract Adjustment Board considers requests by NASA contractors for equitable contractual relief.
- In the U.S. Department of Transportation, a "Board of Contract Appeals"established pursuant to the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (92 Stat.2383; 41 U.S.C. 601) is responsible for hearings and decisions on appeals from decisions of departmental contracting officers; when sitting as the Contract Adjustment Board it acts on petitions for extraordinary contractual relief under Public Law 85-804.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCFYdB2H05UC|title=Air Transportation|author=Kane, R.M.|date=2003|publisher=Kendall/Hunt Pub.|isbn=9780787288815|page=155|accessdate=2014-12-27}}
Further reading
- Smith, The War Department Board of Contract Appeals, 5 Fed. B.J. 74, 82 (1943)
- "Federal Boards of Contract Appeals, The". LR Caruso - S. Cal. L. Rev., 1959 - [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=info:vIQAz1mQBxUJ:scholar.google.com/&output=viewport&pg=1]
- "Disputes and Appeals: The Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals". JP Shedd Jr - Law and Contemporary Problems, 1964 [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=info:V-onNkeCd2IJ:scholar.google.com/&output=viewport&pg=1]
See also
References
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External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110713234033/http://www.louisvillelaw.com/federal/ArmyPubs/contract_law_deskbook.pdf U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School's Contract Attorneys Deskbook]
- [http://www.law.gwu.edu/ASBCA/ Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals]
Category:United States contract law
Category:Government procurement in the United States