Contributing property#Contributing versus non-contributing

According to the National Park Service, the first instance of law dealing with contributing properties in local historic districts was enacted in 1931 by the city of Charleston, South Carolina; it designated the "Old and Historic District."{{cite web

| url = http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/workingonthepast/earlymodels.htm

| title = Early Models

| work = Working on the Past in Local Historic Districts

| publisher = National Park Service

| access-date = 23 April 2007

| url-status = dead

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070609180638/http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/workingonthepast/earlymodels.htm

| archive-date = June 9, 2007

}}

:However, the archived copy [see above] which is at an "archive dot org" web page, will not reflect updates, if and when the publisher -- nps dot gov -- makes changes to their web site. Therefore, in case such new changes do exist, if those new changes might be of interest, then here is a new ["cite"] link, to allow checking the new version of that web page. That new location (or "URL") was found on March 26, 2023, using a "search" feature of the "nps dot gov" web site. It is:

{{cite web

| url = https://www.nps.gov/crps/tps/workingonthepast/earlymodels.htm

| title = Early Models

| work = Working on the Past in Local Historic Districts

| publisher = National Park Service

| access-date = 26 March 2023

| url-status = live

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230326184824/https://www.nps.gov/crps/tps/workingonthepast/earlymodels.htm

| archive-date = March 26, 2023

}} The ordinance declared that buildings in the district could not have changes made to architectural features that were visible from the street. By the mid-1930s, other U.S. cities followed Charleston's lead. An amendment to the Louisiana Constitution led to the 1937 creation of the Vieux Carre Commission, which was charged with protecting and preserving the French Quarter in the city of New Orleans. The city passed a local ordinance that set standards to regulate changes within the quarter. Other sources, such as the Columbia Law Review in 1963, indicate differing dates for the preservation ordinances in both Charleston and New Orleans.

The Columbia Law Review gave dates of 1925 for the New Orleans laws and 1924 for Charleston.{{cite journal | title=The Police Power, Eminent Domain, and the Preservation of Historic Property | journal=Columbia Law Review | publisher=Columbia Law Review Association, Inc. | volume=63 | issue=4 | year=1963 | issn=0010-1958 | jstor=1120584 | pages=708–732 | doi=10.2307/1120584 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1120584 }} The same publication claimed that these two cities were the only cities with historic district zoning until Alexandria, Virginia adopted an ordinance in 1946. The National Park Service appears to refute this.

In 1939, the city of San Antonio, Texas, enacted an ordinance to protect the area of La Villita, the original Mexican village marketplace. In 1941 the authority of local design controls on buildings within historic districts was being challenged in court. In City of New Orleans vs Pergament (198 La. 852, 5 So. 2d 129 (1941)), Louisiana state appellate courts ruled that the design and demolition controls were valid within defined historic districts. Beginning in the mid-1950s, controls that once applied only to buildings within historic districts were extended to individual landmark structures.{{cite journal | last=Pyke | first=John S. | title=Architectural Controls and the Individual Landmark | journal=Law and Contemporary Problems | publisher=Duke University School of Law | volume=36 | issue=3 | year=1971 | issn=0023-9186 | jstor=1191060 | pages=398–405 | doi=10.2307/1191060 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1191060 }} The United States Congress adopted legislation in 1950 that declared the Georgetown neighborhood in Washington, D.C. a historic district and protected. By 1965, 51 American communities had adopted preservation ordinances. In 1976 the National Historic Preservation Act was passed by Congress. By 1998, more than 2,300 U.S. towns, cities and villages had enacted historic preservation ordinances.

Image:Newberry Hist Dist School plaque01.jpg in Newberry, Florida]]

Contributing properties are defined through historic district or historic preservation zoning laws, usually at the local level.For a catalog of early historic district zoning ordinances, see "Further reading" number one, Morrison, J. Historic Preservation Law, pp. 6-9, 12-15, 126, 1965 ed. Zoning ordinances pertaining to historic districts are designed to maintain a district's historic character by controlling demolition and alteration to existing properties.{{cite journal | last=Hughes | first=L. Keith | title=Use of Zoning Restrictions to Restrain Property Owners from Altering or Destroying Historic Landmarks | journal=Duke Law Journal | publisher=Duke University School of Law | volume=1975 | issue=4 | year=1975 | issn=0012-7086 | jstor=1372090 | pages=999–1019 | doi=10.2307/1372090 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1372090 }} In historic preservation law, a contributing property is any building, structure, object or site within the boundaries of the district that contributes to its historic associations, historic architectural qualities or archaeological qualities of a historic district.{{cite web | title=Maine Historic Preservation Commission: Architectural Survey: Preservation Planning: Local Preservation Planning: Local Option Property Tax Reimbursement | website=maine.gov | date=2008-07-25 | url=http://www.maine.gov/mhpc/preservation_planning/local_planning/local_option_tax_reimb.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930024204/http://www.maine.gov/mhpc/preservation_planning/local_planning/local_option_tax_reimb.html | archive-date=2007-09-30 | url-status=dead}} It can be any property, structure or object that adds to the historic integrity or architectural qualities that make the historic district, either local or federal, significant. Definitions vary but, in general, they maintain the same characteristics.{{cite web |url=http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/pages/1054/files/danville%20hp%20ordinance.pdf |title=ORDINANCE NO. 2001-02 |type=Danville, California ordinance |website= California Office of Historic Preservation |accessdate=19 February 2007}} Another key aspect of a contributing property is historic integrity. Significant alterations to a property can sever its physical connections with the past, lowering its historic integrity.{{cite web | title=National Register Historic Districts Questions and Answers | website=state.sc.us | date=2009-05-31 | url=http://www.state.sc.us/scdah/NRhdQ%26A.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422002717/http://www.state.sc.us/scdah/NRhdQ%26A.htm | archive-date=2010-04-22 | url-status=dead }} Contributing properties are integral parts of the historic context and character of a historic district.{{cite web |url=http://www.icgov.org/pcd/urbanplanning/historicpreservation/handbook/appendices.pdf |title=Iowa City Historic Preservation Handbook |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061223152651/http://icgov.org/pcd/urbanplanning/historicpreservation/handbook/appendices.pdf |archive-date=2006-12-23 |website=Iowa City Urban Planning Division |accessdate=26 March 2007}} A property listed as a contributing member of a historic district meets National Register criteria and qualifies for all benefits afforded a property or site listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places.{{cite web |url=http://www.wakeforestnc.gov/historic_districts.aspx |title=Historic Districts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810201903/http://wakeforestnc.gov/historic_districts.aspx |archive-date=2007-08-10 |website=Town of Wake Forest, North Carolina|accessdate= 9 April 2007}}

Each property within a National Register historic district — contributing or non-contributing — is classified as one of four property types: building, object, structure, or site."{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/NRB-15_web508.pdf |title=How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation |publisher=National Park Service |date=October 1997}}

Image:Bloomington Il EGHD1 noncontributing.JPG in Bloomington, Illinois is an example of a non-contributing property.]]

The difference between contributing property and non-contributing property can at times be ambiguous. In particular, American historic districts nominated to the National Register of Historic Places before 1980 have few records of non-contributing structures. State Historic Preservation Offices conduct surveys to determine the historical character of structures in historic districts. Districts nominated to the National Register of Historic Places after 1980 usually list those structures considered non-contributing.

As a general rule, a contributing property helps make a historic district historic. A well-preserved 19th-century mansion will generally contribute to a district, while a modern gas station generally will not. Historic buildings identified as contributing properties can become non-contributing properties within historic districts if major alterations have taken place. Sometimes, an act as simple as re-siding a historic home can damage its historic integrity and render it non-contributing. In some cases, damage to the historic integrity of a structure is reversible, while other times the historic nature of a building has been so "severely compromised" as to be irreversible.{{cite web |url=http://gis.hpa.state.il.us/hargis/PDFs/201435.pdf |title=East Grove Street District |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090325232012/http://gis.hpa.state.il.us/hargis/PDFs/201435.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-25 |type=National Register Nomination Form |website=HAARGIS Database, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. |accessdate=26 March 2007}} For example, in the East Grove Street District in Bloomington, Illinois, contributing properties include the Queen Anne-style George H. Cox House (1886) and the Arts and Crafts-style H.W. Kelley House (1906), and non-contributing properties include the Italianate-style George Brand House (1886), whose original exterior has been covered with a sun room and asbestos siding, and a 1950s physician's office built in a style radically different from the surrounding neighborhood.

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• Morrison, Jacob H. Historic Preservation Law, New Orleans: Pelican Pub. Co., 1957. Further editions published in 1965, 1972 and 1974. {{ISBN|9780891330196}}, {{ISBN|0891330194}}.

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{{Registered Historic Places}}

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