Conus
{{Short description|Genus of molluscs}}
{{About|the genus of snails|the continguous area of the United States (CONUS)|Contiguous United States|people with the surname "Conus", and other uses|Conus (disambiguation)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Eocene|Recent}}
| image = Conus abbas 1.jpg
| image_caption = Apertural and abapertural views of shell of Conus abbas
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Conus
| type_species= Conus marmoreus
| type_species_authority =Linnaeus, 1758
| subdivision = See List of Conus species
| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}
- Afonsoconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Africonus Petuch, 1975
- Afroconus Petuch, 1975 [lapsus]
- Arubaconus Petuch, 2013
- Asprella Schaufuss, 1869
- Atlanticonus Petuch & Sargent, 2012
- Attenuiconus Petuch, 2013
- Austroconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Bermudaconus Petuch, 2013
- Brasiliconus Petuch, 2013
- Calamiconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Calibanus da Motta, 1991
- Cariboconus Petuch, 2003
- Chelyconus Mörch, 1852
- Cleobula Iredale, 1930
- Conasprella (Varioconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conasprelloides Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Continuconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Conus (Afonsoconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Conus (Asprella) Schaufuss, 1869
- Conus (Atlanticonus) Petuch & Sargent, 2012
- Conus (Attenuiconus) Petuch, 2013
- Conus (Austroconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Conus (Bermudaconus) Petuch, 2013
- Conus (Brasiliconus) Petuch, 2013
- Conus (Calibanus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Chelyconus) Mörch, 1852
- Conus (Conus) Linnaeus, 1758
- Conus (Coronaxis) Swainson, 1840
- Conus (Cylinder) Montfort, 1810
- Conus (Cylindrella) Swainson, 1840
- Conus (Darioconus) Iredale, 1930
- Conus (Dauciconus) Cotton, 1945
- Conus (Dendroconus) Swainson, 1840
- Conus (Ductoconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Elisaconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Conus (Embrikena) Iredale, 1937
- Conus (Eremiconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Conus (Eugeniconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Floraconus) Iredale, 1930
- Conus (Fraterconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Conus (Fulgiconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Gastridium) Modeer, 1793
- Conus (Genuanoconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Conus (Harmoniconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Hermes) Montfort, 1810
- Conus (Kalloconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Kellyconus) Petuch, 2013
- Conus (Kioconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Klemaeconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Conus (Lamniconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Lautoconus) Monterosato, 1923
- Conus (Leporiconus) Iredale, 1930
- Conus (Leptoconus) Swainson, 1840
- Conus (Lindaconus) Petuch, 2002
- Conus (Lithoconus) Mörch, 1852
- Conus (Lividoconus) Wils, 1970
- Conus (Magelliconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Malagasyconus) Monnier & Tenorio, 2015
- Conus (Monteiroconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Papyriconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Conus (Phasmoconus) Mörch, 1852
- Conus (Pionoconus) Mörch, 1852
- Conus (Plicaustraconus) Moolenbeek, 2008
- Conus (Pseudonoduloconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Conus (Pseudopterygia) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Conus (Puncticulis) Swainson, 1840
- Conus (Purpuriconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Pyruconus) Olsson, 1967
- Conus (Quasiconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Conus (Rhizoconus) Mörch, 1852
- Conus (Rubroconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Conus (Sandericonus) Petuch, 2013
- Conus (Sciteconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Splinoconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Spuriconus) Petuch, 2003
- Conus (Stephanoconus) Mörch, 1852
- Conus (Strategoconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Strioconus) Thiele, 1929
- Conus (Tesselliconus) da Motta, 1991
- Conus (Textilia) Swainson, 1840
- Conus (Theliconus) Swainson, 1840
- Conus (Turriconus) Shikama & Habe, 1968
- Conus (Virgiconus) Cotton, 1945
- Conus (Virroconus) Iredale, 1930
- Conus (Vituliconus) da Motta, 1991
- Cornutoconus Suzuki, 1972
- Coronaxis Swainson, 1840
- Coronaxis (Cylindrella) Swainson, 1840
- Coronaxis (Tuliparia) Swainson, 1840
- Cucullus Röding, 1798
- Cylinder Montfort, 1810
- Cylindrus Batsch, 1789
- Darioconus Iredale, 1930
- Dauciconus Cotton, 1945
- Dendroconus Swainson, 1840
- Dendroconus (Erythroconus) da Motta, 1991
- Dendroconus (Harmoniconus) da Motta, 1991
- Dendroconus (Ketyconus) da Motta, 1991
- Dendroconus (Lithoconus) Mörch, 1852
- Dendroconus (Sciteconus) da Motta, 1991
- Dendroconus (Socioconus) da Motta, 1991
- Dendroconus (Splinoconus) da Motta, 1991
- Dendroconus (Strioconus) Thiele, 1929
- Dendroconus (Tesselliconus) da Motta, 1991
- Ductoconus da Motta, 1991
- Dyraspis Iredale, 1949
- Elisaconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Embrikena Iredale, 1937
- Eremiconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Erythroconus da Motta, 1991
- Eugeniconus da Motta, 1991
- Floraconus Iredale, 1930
- Floraconus (Sciteconus) da Motta, 1991
- Fraterconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Fulgiconus da Motta, 1991
- Gastridium Modeer, 1793
- Genuanoconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Gladioconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Gradiconus da Motta, 1991
- Graphiconus da Motta, 1991
- Harmoniconus da Motta, 1991
- Hermes Montfort, 1810
- Hermes (Heroconus) da Motta, 1991
- Hermes (Hermes) da Motta, 1991
- Isoconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Kalloconus da Motta, 1991
- Kalloconus (Trovaoconus) ) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Kellyconus Petuch, 2013
- Ketyconus da Motta, 1991
- Kioconus da Motta, 1991
- Kioconus (Isoconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Kioconus (Ongoconus) da Motta, 1991
- Klemaeconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Kurodaconus Shikama & Habe, 1968
- Lamniconus da Motta, 1991
- Lautoconus Monterosato, 1923
- Lautoconus (Lautoconus) Monterosato, 1923
- Leporiconus Iredale, 1930
- Leptoconus Swainson, 1840
- Leptoconus (Calibanus) da Motta, 1991
- Leptoconus (Chelyconus) Mörch, 1852
- Leptoconus (Gradiconus) da Motta, 1991
- Leptoconus (Graphiconus) da Motta, 1991
- Leptoconus (Lamniconus) da Motta, 1991
- Leptoconus (Phasmoconus) Mörch, 1852
- Leptoconus (Protoconus) da Motta, 1991
- Leptoconus (Purpuriconus) da Motta, 1991
- Leptoconus (Rhizoconus) Mörch, 1852
- Leptoconus (Thoraconus) da Motta, 1991
- Lindaconus Petuch, 2002
- Lithoconus Mörch, 1852
- Lividiconus [lapsus]
- Lividoconus Wils, 1970
- Magelliconus da Motta, 1991
- Miliariconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Mitraconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Monteiroconus da Motta, 1991
- Nataliconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Nimboconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Nitidoconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Nubecula Herrmanssen, 1847
- Papyriconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Phasmoconus Mörch, 1852
- Phasmoconus (Fulgiconus) da Motta, 1991
- Phasmoconus (Graphiconus) da Motta, 1991
- Phasmoconus (Phasmoconus) Mörch, 1852
- Pictoconus Limpalaër & Monnier, 2018
- Pionoconus Mörch, 1852
- Plicaustraconus Moolenbeek, 2008
- Poremskiconus Petuch, 2013
- Protoconus da Motta, 1991 (Invalid: junior homonym of Protoconus Yu, 1979 and Protoconus Stinchcomb, 1986; Tenorioconus is a replacement name)
- Protostrioconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Pseudohermes Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Pseudonoduloconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Pseudopterygia Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Puncticulis Swainson, 1840
- Purpuriconus da Motta, 1991
- Pyruconus Olsson, 1967
- Quasiconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Regiconus Iredale, 1930
- Rhizoconus Mörch, 1852
- Rhombiconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Rhombus Montfort, 1810 (Invalid: junior homonym of Rhombus Walbaum, 1792 [Pisces])
- Rolaniconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Rollus Montfort, 1810
- Rubroconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Sandericonus Petuch, 2013
- Sciteconus da Motta, 1991
- Seminoleconus Petuch, 2003
- Spuriconus Petuch, 2003
- Stellaconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Stephanoconus Mörch, 1852
- Strategoconus da Motta, 1991
- Strategoconus (Vituliconus) da Motta, 1991
- Strioconus Thiele, 1929
- Sulciconus Bielz, 1869
- Taranteconus Azuma, 1972
- Tenorioconus Petuch & Drolshagen, 2011
- Tesselliconus da Motta, 1991
- Textilia Swainson, 1840
- Textiliinae da Motta, 1995
- Thalassiconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013)
- Thoraconus da Motta, 1991
- Trovaoconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- Tuckericonus Petuch, 2013
- Turriconus Shikama & Habe, 1968
- Turriconus (Kurodaconus) Shikama & Habe, 1968
- Turriconus (Mitraconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
- Turriconus (Turriconus ) Shikama & Habe, 1968
- Utriculus Schumacher, 1817
- Varioconus da Motta, 1991
- Virgiconus Cotton, 1945
- Virroconus Iredale, 1930
- Vituliconus da Motta, 1991
{{hidden end}}
}}
File:Conus pelagicus Brocchi 1814Pliocene Cyprus.jpg
Conus is a genus of venomous and predatory cone snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Conus Linnaeus, 1758. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137813 on 2015-11-12 Prior to 2009, it included all cone snail species but is now more precisely defined.
Description
The thick shell of species in the genus Conus sensu stricto, is obconic, with the whorls enrolled upon themselves. The spire is short, smooth or tuberculated. The narrow aperture is elongated with parallel margins and is truncated at the base. The operculum is very small relative to the size of the shell. It is corneous, narrowly elongated, with an apical nucleus, and the impression of the muscular attachment varies from one-half to two-thirds of the inner surface. The outer lip shows a slight sutural sinus.[https://archive.org/details/manualconch06tryorich G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences]
Distribution and habitat
Species in the genus Conus sensu stricto can be found in the tropical and subtropical seas of the world, at depths ranging from the sublittoral (c. 200 m) to 1,000 m (656 to 3,280 ft). They are very variable in some of their characters, such as the tuberculation of the spire and body whorl, striae, colors and the pattern of coloring.
The oldest known fossil of Conus is from the lower Eocene, about 55 million years ago.{{Cite journal |last1=Duda |first1=Thomas F. Jr. |last2=Kohn |first2=Alan J. |date=February 2005 |title=Species-level pylogeography and evolutionary history of the hyperdiverse marine gastropod genus Conus |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S105579030400291X |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=34 |issue=2 |at=Abstract, Introduction |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2004.09.012 |pmid=15619440 |bibcode=2005MolPE..34..257D |via=Science Direct|url-access=subscription }}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
- Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp.
- Filmer R.M. (2001). A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp.
- Tucker J.K. (2009). Recent cone species database. September 4, 2009 Edition
- Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp
- Monnier E., Limpalaër L., Robin A. & Roux C. (2018). A taxonomic iconography of living Conidae. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 2 vols. 1205 pp.page(s): 345
- [https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyu055 Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23]
Further reading
- {{Cite book |last=Kohn |first=A. A. |year=1992 |title=Chronological Taxonomy of Conus, 1758–1840 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |isbn=9781560980940 |oclc=24009184}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|Conus}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1247092}}
{{Authority control}}