Conversion of scales of temperature#Comparison

This is a collection of temperature conversion formulas and comparisons among eight different temperature scales, several of which have long been obsolete.

Temperatures on scales that either do not share a numeric zero or are nonlinearly related cannot correctly be mathematically equated (related using the symbol =), and thus temperatures on different scales are more correctly described as corresponding (related using the symbol ≘).{{fact|date=September 2024}}

Celsius scale

Kelvin scale

Fahrenheit scale

Rankine scale

Delisle scale

Newton scale

Réaumur scale

Rømer scale

Conversion calculator

class="wikitable"

|+ Temperature Conversion Calculator

! Celsius !! Fahrenheit !! Kelvin !! Rankine !! Delisle !! Newton !! Réaumur !! Rømer

{{calculator|id=C|type=number|size=7|decimals=3|formula=K-273.15 |default=0 }}

| {{calculator|id=F|type=number|size=7|decimals=3|formula=R-459.67 |default=32 }}

| {{calculator|id=K|type=number|size=7|decimals=3|formula=373.15-D*2/3 |default=273.15}}

| {{calculator|id=R|type=number|size=7|decimals=3|formula=E*9/4+491.67 |default=491.67}}

| {{calculator|id=D|type=number|size=7|decimals=3|formula=150-N*50/11 |default=150 }}

| {{calculator|id=N|type=number|size=7|decimals=3|formula=(O-7.5)*22/35 |default=0 }}

| {{calculator|id=E|type=number|size=7|decimals=3|formula=C*4/5 |default=0 }}

| {{calculator|id=O|type=number|size=7|decimals=3|formula=(F-32)*7/24+7.5|default=7.5 }}

Comparison values chart

Celsius	Fahrenheit	Kelvin	Rankine	Delisle	Newton	Réaumur	Rømer
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
500.00	932.00	773.15	1391.67	−600.00	165.00	400.00	270.00
490.00	914.00	763.15	1373.67	−585.00	161.70	392.00	264.75
480.00	896.00	753.15	1355.67	−570.00	158.40	384.00	259.50
470.00	878.00	743.15	1337.67	−555.00	155.10	376.00	254.25
460.00	860.00	733.15	1319.67	−540.00	151.80	368.00	249.00
450.00	842.00	723.15	1301.67	−525.00	148.50	360.00	243.75
440.00	824.00	713.15	1283.67	−510.00	145.20	352.00	238.50
430.00	806.00	703.15	1265.67	−495.00	141.90	344.00	233.25
420.00	788.00	693.15	1247.67	−480.00	138.60	336.00	228.00
410.00	770.00	683.15	1229.67	−465.00	135.30	328.00	222.75
400.00	752.00	673.15	1211.67	−450.00	132.00	320.00	217.50
390.00	734.00	663.15	1193.67	−435.00	128.70	312.00	212.25
380.00	716.00	653.15	1175.67	−420.00	125.40	304.00	207.00
370.00	698.00	643.15	1157.67	−405.00	122.10	296.00	201.75
360.00	680.00	633.15	1139.67	−390.00	118.80	288.00	196.50
350.00	662.00	623.15	1121.67	−375.00	115.50	280.00	191.25
340.00	644.00	613.15	1103.67	−360.00	112.20	272.00	186.00
330.00	626.00	603.15	1085.67	−345.00	108.90	264.00	180.75
320.00	608.00	593.15	1067.67	−330.00	105.60	256.00	175.50
310.00	590.00	583.15	1049.67	−315.00	102.30	248.00	170.25
300.00	572.00	573.15	1031.67	−300.00	99.00	240.00	165.00
290.00	554.00	563.15	1013.67	−285.00	95.70	232.00	159.75
280.00	536.00	553.15	995.67	−270.00	92.40	224.00	154.50
270.00	518.00	543.15	977.67	−255.00	89.10	216.00	149.25
260.00	500.00	533.15	959.67	−240.00	85.80	208.00	144.00
250.00	482.00	523.15	941.67	−225.00	82.50	200.00	138.75
240.00	464.00	513.15	923.67	−210.00	79.20	192.00	133.50
230.00	446.00	503.15	905.67	−195.00	75.90	184.00	128.25
220.00	428.00	493.15	887.67	−180.00	72.60	176.00	123.00
210.00	410.00	483.15	869.67	−165.00	69.30	168.00	117.75
200.00	392.00	473.15	851.67	−150.00	66.00	160.00	112.50
190.00	374.00	463.15	833.67	−135.00	62.70	152.00	107.25
180.00	356.00	453.15	815.67	−120.00	59.40	144.00	102.00
170.00	338.00	443.15	797.67	−105.00	56.10	136.00	96.75
160.00	320.00	433.15	779.67	−90.00	52.80	128.00	91.50
150.00	302.00	423.15	761.67	−75.00	49.50	120.00	86.25
140.00	284.00	413.15	743.67	−60.00	46.20	112.00	81.00
130.00	266.00	403.15	725.67	−45.00	42.90	104.00	75.75
120.00	248.00	393.15	707.67	−30.00	39.60	96.00	70.50
110.00	230.00	383.15	689.67	−15.00	36.30	88.00	65.25
100.00	212.00	373.15	671.67	0.00	33.00	80.00	60.00
90.00	194.00	363.15	653.67	15.00	29.70	72.00	54.75
80.00	176.00	353.15	635.67	30.00	26.40	64.00	49.50
70.00	158.00	343.15	617.67	45.00	23.10	56.00	44.25
60.00	140.00	333.15	599.67	60.00	19.80	48.00	39.00
50.00	122.00	323.15	581.67	75.00	16.50	40.00	33.75
40.00	104.00	313.15	563.67	90.00	13.20	32.00	28.50
30.00	86.00	303.15	545.67	105.00	9.90	24.00	23.25
20.00	68.00	293.15	527.67	120.00	6.60	16.00	18.00
10.00	50.00	283.15	509.67	135.00	3.30	8.00	12.75
0.00	32.00	273.15	491.67	150.00	0.00	0.00	7.50
−10.00	14.00	263.15	473.67	165.00	−3.30	−8.00	2.25
−14.26	6.29	258.86	465.96	171.43	−4.71	−11.43	0.00
−17.78	0.00	255.37	459.67	176.67	−5.87	−14.22	−1.83
−20.00	−4.00	253.15	455.67	180.00	−6.60	−16.00	−3.00
−30.00	−22.00	243.15	437.67	195.00	−9.90	−24.00	−8.25
−40.00	−40.00	233.15	419.67	210.00	−13.20	−32.00	−13.50
−50.00	−58.00	223.15	401.67	225.00	−16.50	−40.00	−18.75
−60.00	−76.00	213.15	383.67	240.00	−19.80	−48.00	−24.00
−70.00	−94.00	203.15	365.67	255.00	−23.10	−56.00	−29.25
−80.00	−112.00	193.15	347.67	270.00	−26.40	−64.00	−34.50
−90.00	−130.00	183.15	329.67	285.00	−29.70	−72.00	−39.75
−100.00	−148.00	173.15	311.67	300.00	−33.00	−80.00	−45.00
−110.00	−166.00	163.15	293.67	315.00	−36.30	−88.00	−50.25
−120.00	−184.00	153.15	275.67	330.00	−39.60	−96.00	−55.50
−130.00	−202.00	143.15	257.67	345.00	−42.90	−104.00	−60.75
−140.00	−220.00	133.15	239.67	360.00	−46.20	−112.00	−66.00
−150.00	−238.00	123.15	221.67	375.00	−49.50	−120.00	−71.25
−160.00	−256.00	113.15	203.67	390.00	−52.80	−128.00	−76.50
−170.00	−274.00	103.15	185.67	405.00	−56.10	−136.00	−81.75
−180.00	−292.00	93.15	167.67	420.00	−59.40	−144.00	−87.00
−190.00	−310.00	83.15	149.67	435.00	−62.70	−152.00	−92.25
−200.00	−328.00	73.15	131.67	450.00	−66.00	−160.00	−97.50
−210.00	−346.00	63.15	113.67	465.00	−69.30	−168.00	−102.75
−220.00	−364.00	53.15	95.67	480.00	−72.60	−176.00	−108.00
−230.00	−382.00	43.15	77.67	495.00	−75.90	−184.00	−113.25
−240.00	−400.00	33.15	59.67	510.00	−79.20	−192.00	−118.50
−250.00	−418.00	23.15	41.67	525.00	−82.50	−200.00	−123.75
−260.00	−436.00	13.15	23.67	540.00	−85.80	−208.00	−129.00
−270.00	−454.00	3.15	5.67	555.00	−89.10	−216.00	−134.25
−273.15	−459.67	0.00	0.00	559.725	−90.1395	−218.52	−135.90375
Celsius	Fahrenheit	Kelvin	Rankine	Delisle	Newton	Réaumur	Rømer

Comparison of temperature scales{{anchor|Comparison}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" \|+ Comparison of temperature scales
Comment ! Kelvin ! Celsius ! Fahrenheit ! Rankine ! Delisle ! Newton ! Réaumur ! Rømer
style="text-align:left;" \| Absolute zero \| 0.00 \| −273.15 \| −459.67 \| 0.00 \| 559.73 \| −90.14 \| −218.52 \| −135.90
style="text-align:left;" \| Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth[https://www.expertsure.com/2008/12/14/the-coldest-inhabited-places-on-earth/ The Coldest Inhabited Places on Earth]; researchers of the Vostok Station recorded the coldest known temperature on Earth on July 21st 1983: −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). \| 184 \| −89.2 \| −128.6 \| 331 \| 284 \| −29 \| −71 \| −39
style="text-align:left;" \| Fahrenheit's ice/salt mixture \| 255.37 \| −17.78 \| 0.00 \| 459.67 \| 176.67 \| −5.87 \| −14.22 \| −1.83
style="text-align:left;" \| Ice melts (at standard pressure) \| 273.15 \| 0.00 \| 32.00 \| 491.67 \| 150.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 7.50
style="text-align:left;" \| Triple point of water \| 273.16 \| 0.01 \| 32.018 \| 491.688 \| 149.985 \| 0.0033 \| 0.008 \| 7.50525
style="text-align:left;" \| Average surface temperature on Earth \| 288 \| 15 \| 59 \| 519 \| 128 \| 5 \| 12 \| 15
style="text-align:left;" \| Average human body temperature* \| 310 \| 37 \| 98 \| 558 \| 95 \| 12 \| 29 \| 27
style="text-align:left;" \| Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth{{cite web \|url=http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature \|title=World: Highest Temperature \| date=November 12, 2007\| website= Arizona State University, School of Geographical Sciences \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104143844/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature \|archivedate=January 4, 2013 \|quote= an Italian weather station in al 'Aziziyah (Libya) measured a temperature of 58 °C (136.4 °F) on September 13th 1922. "Although this record has gained general acceptance as the world's highest temperature recorded under standard conditions, the validity of the extreme has been questioned."}} \| 331 \| 58 \| 136.4 \| 596 \| 63 \| 19 \| 46 \| 38
style="text-align:left;" \| Water boils (at standard pressure) \| 373.1339 \| 99.9839 \| 211.97102 \| 671.64102 \| 0.00 \| 33.00 \| 80.00 \| 60.00
style="text-align:left;" \| Titanium melts \| 1941 \| 1668 \| 3034 \| 3494 \| −2352 \| 550 \| 1334 \| 883
style="text-align:left;" \| The surface of the Sun \| 5800 \| 5500 \| 9900 \| 10400 \| −8100 \| 1800 \| 4400 \| 2900

class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"

|+ Comparison of temperature scales

Comment

! Kelvin

! Celsius

! Fahrenheit

! Rankine

! Delisle

! Newton

! Réaumur

! Rømer

style="text-align:left;" | Absolute zero

| 0.00

| −273.15

| −459.67

| 0.00

| 559.73

| −90.14

| −218.52

| −135.90

style="text-align:left;" | Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth[https://www.expertsure.com/2008/12/14/the-coldest-inhabited-places-on-earth/ The Coldest Inhabited Places on Earth]; researchers of the Vostok Station recorded the coldest known temperature on Earth on July 21st 1983: −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).

| 184

| −89.2

| −128.6

| 331

| 284

| −29

| −71

| −39

style="text-align:left;" | Fahrenheit's ice/salt mixture

| 255.37

| −17.78

| 0.00

| 459.67

| 176.67

| −5.87

| −14.22

| −1.83

style="text-align:left;" | Ice melts (at standard pressure)

| 273.15

| 0.00

| 32.00

| 491.67

| 150.00

| 0.00

| 7.50

style="text-align:left;" | Triple point of water

| 273.16

| 0.01

| 32.018

| 491.688

| 149.985

| 0.0033

| 0.008

| 7.50525

style="text-align:left;" | Average surface temperature on Earth

| 288

| 15

| 59

| 519

| 128

| 5

| 12

| 15

style="text-align:left;" | Average human body temperature*

| 310

| 37

| 98

| 558

| 95

| 12

| 29

| 27

style="text-align:left;" | Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth{{cite web |url=http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature |title=World: Highest Temperature | date=November 12, 2007| website= Arizona State University, School of Geographical Sciences |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104143844/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature |archivedate=January 4, 2013 |quote= an Italian weather station in al 'Aziziyah (Libya) measured a temperature of 58 °C (136.4 °F) on September 13th 1922. "Although this record has gained general acceptance as the world's highest temperature recorded under standard conditions, the validity of the extreme has been questioned."}}

| 331

| 58

| 136.4

| 596

| 63

| 19

| 46

| 38

style="text-align:left;" | Water boils (at standard pressure)

| 373.1339

| 99.9839

| 211.97102

| 671.64102

| 0.00

| 33.00

| 80.00

| 60.00

style="text-align:left;" | Titanium melts

| 1941

| 1668

| 3034

| 3494

| −2352

| 550

| 1334

| 883

style="text-align:left;" | The surface of the Sun

| 5800

| 5500

| 9900

| 10400

| −8100

| 1800

| 4400

| 2900

* Normal human body temperature is 36.8 °C ±0.7 °C, or 98.2 °F ±1.3 °F. The commonly given value 98.6 °F is simply the exact conversion of the nineteenth-century German standard of 37 °C. Since it does not list an acceptable range, it could therefore be said to have excess (invalid) precision.{{cite web

| url=https://hypertextbook.com/facts/1997/LenaWong.shtml

| title=Temperature of a healthy human (body temperature)

| first=Lena

| last=Wong

| year=1997

| website=The Physics Factbook

| editor-last=Elert

| editor-first=Glenn

| accessdate=2018-06-07}}

Some numbers in this table have been rounded.

= Graphical representation =

width="10px" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"

colspan="10" rowspan="5" style="vertical-align: top;" |

:File:Comparison of temperature scales blank.svg|845x580px|

circle 40 330 4 0 K / 0 °R (−273.15 °C)

circle 504 330 4 0 °F (−17.78 °C)

circle 537 270 4 150 °D

circle 537 317 4 32 °F

circle 537 325 4 7.5 °Rø

circle 537 332 4 0 °C / 0 °Ré / 0 °N

circle 718 245 4 212 °F

circle 718 290 4 100 °C

circle 718 298 4 80 °Ré

circle 718 306 4 60 °Rø

circle 718 317 4 33 °N

circle 718 330 4 0 °D

rect 0 0 845 580 :File:Comparison of temperature scales blank.svg

desc none

| style="vertical-align: top; height: 142px;" | Rankine (°R)

style="vertical-align: top; height: 42px;" | Kelvin (K)

style="vertical-align: top; height: 69px; white-space: nowrap;" | Fahrenheit (°F)

style="vertical-align: top; height: 106px; line-height: 20.5px; white-space: nowrap;" | Celsius (°C)
Réaumur (°Ré)
Rømer (°Rø)
Newton (°N)

style="vertical-align: top; height: 220px;" | Delisle (°D)

style="vertical-align: top;"

| style="width: 10px;" |

| style="width: 60px; text-align: center;" | Absolute zero

| style="width: 110px; text-align: center;" | Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth

| style="width: 110px; text-align: center;" | Fahrenheit's ice/water/salt mixture

| style="width: 110px; text-align: center;" | Melting point of ice (at standard pressure)

| style="width: 110px; text-align: center;" | Average surface temperature on Earth (15 °C)

| style="width: 110px; text-align: center;" | Average human body temperature (37 °C)

| style="width: 110px; text-align: center;" | Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth

| style="width: 110px; text-align: center;" | Boiling point of water (at standard pressure)

| style="width: 5px;" |

Conversion table between the different temperature units

Converting units of temperature differences

Converting units of temperature differences (also referred to as temperature deltas) is not the same as converting absolute temperature values, and different formulae must be used.

To convert a delta temperature from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius, the formula is {{nowrap|1={ΔT}_°F = {{sfrac|9|5}}{ΔT}_°C.}}

To convert a delta temperature from degrees Celsius to kelvin, it is 1:1 {{nowrap|1=({ΔT}_°C = {ΔT}_K).}}

Notes and references

Category:Scales of temperature

Category:Conversion of units of measurement

Conversion of scales of temperature#Comparison

Celsius scale

Kelvin scale

Fahrenheit scale

Rankine scale

Delisle scale

Newton scale

Réaumur scale

Rømer scale

Conversion calculator

Comparison values chart

Comparison of temperature scales{{anchor|Comparison}}

= Graphical representation =

Conversion table between the different temperature units

Converting units of temperature differences

See also

Notes and references