Convoy ON 127

As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the second happy time, Admiral Karl Dönitz, the Befehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU) or commander in chief of U-Boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search the area with the advantage of intelligence gained through B-Dienst decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3.Tarrant p. 108 However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.Hague pp. 132, 137–138, 161–162, 164, 181

Wolf pack Vorwarts was forming about 500 miles west of Ireland as the convoy left Liverpool.Milner 1985 p. 160 {{GS|U-91|1941|2}}, {{GS|U-92|1942|2}}, {{GS|U-96|1940|2}}, {{GS|U-211||2}}, {{GS|U-218||2}}, {{GS|U-380||2}}, {{GS|U-404||2}}, {{GS|U-407||2}}, {{GS|U-411||2}}, {{GS|U-584||2}}, {{GS|U-594||2}}, {{GS|U-608||2}}, and {{GS|U-659||2}} formed a search line across the convoy's path just beyond the range of land-based aircraft. U-584 reported the convoy on 9 September, but lost contact that evening.

File:Het stoomschip Elisabeth van België zinkt na middendoor te zijn gebroken, asset x2Lc7VRYgghHgniSTbnGZf51.tif U-96 regained contact on 10 September and torpedoed the Norwegian tanker Svene, the tanker F.J.Wolfe and the Belgian freighter Elisabeth van België in a single submerged daylight attack. Sherbrooke fell back to aid the torpedoed ships while St. Croix, Ottawa, and Celandine searched unsuccessfully for U-96. F.J.Wolfe was able to regain its station with the convoy.Hague 2000 p. 161 Ottawa continued to patrol astern of the convoy after St. Croix and Celandine'' resumed their normal patrol stations.

A coordinated night attack on the convoy began with U-659 torpedoing the British tanker Empire Oil on the evening of 10 September.Milner 1985 pp.162 St. Croix made SONAR contact immediately prior to the attack and Celandine, Ottawa, and St. Croix searched for U-659 after the attack. St. Croix and Ottawa fell back to rescue 23 of the stricken tanker's crew of 41.Milner 1985 p. 161 U-404 torpedoed the tanker Marit II, U-608 launched torpedoes which missed the convoy, U-218 torpedoed the tanker Fjordaas, and U-92 and U-594 launched torpedoes which missed the convoy before Ottawa, St. Croix, and Celandine rejoined the convoy.Milner 1985 p. 162Blair 1998 pp. 30–31 Sherbrooke remained astern of the convoy aiding the ships torpedoed by U-96, and rescued all but one of the crew of the sinking Svene and Elisabeth van Belgie. The remaining escorts counter-attacked, and depth charge damage forced U-659 and U-218 to return to port.Blair 1998 p. 31Milner 1985 pp.161 Both Marit II and Fjordaas were able to regain their stations in the convoy.Milner 1985 pp. 160–161 Empire Oil was later sunk astern of the convoy by U-584.

None of the escorts' RADAR sets were functional on 11 September. U-584 torpedoed the Norwegian Hindanger in a submerged daylight attack while St. Croix investigated a visual sighting six miles distant. Amherst fell back and rescued all but one of Hindanger{{'}}s crew. A B-24 Liberator patrol bomber of No. 120 Squadron RAF prevented further daylight attacks on 11 September but U-96 sank a 415-ton Portuguese sailing trawler by gunfire in the vicinity of the convoy. In coordinated night attacks, U-380 missed with a salvo of four torpedoes, U-211 torpedoed the British whale factory ship Hektoria and freighter Empire Moonbeam, U-92 missed Ottawa with four torpedoes and U-404 torpedoed the tanker Daghild before Amherst and Sherbrooke rejoined the convoy. Daghild maintained station in the convoy and Arvida rescued all but four of the 140 crewmen from Hektoria and Empire Moonbeam before those ships were sunk astern of the convoy by U-608.Milner 1985 pp. 161–163

Excellent visibility on 12 September allowed a close forward screen of four escorts to discourage U-boats sighted up to 7 miles away. U-407 and U-594 launched torpedoes unsuccessfully that night. U-594 sank the straggling Stone Street as the convoy came within range of Canadian Canso patrol bombers from Botland, Newfoundland on 13 September. The escort was reinforced at dusk by the {{sclass2|Town|destroyer}} {{HMCS|Annapolis|I04|6}} and the {{sclass2|V and W|destroyer|2}} {{HMS|Witch|D89|6}} from the Newfoundland-based Western Local Escort Force (WLEF). Both U-91 and U-411 launched torpedoes unsuccessfully while U-91 torpedoed the Canadian River-class destroyer {{HMCS|Ottawa|H60|6}} in the pre-dawn hours of 14 September.Milner 1985 p. 163 Ottawa sank with 114 of its crew. The remainder of the convoy reached New York City on 20 September 1942.

• Convoy Battles of World War II

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite book| title=Hitler's U-Boat War The Hunted 1942–1945 |author=Blair, Clay |publisher=Random House |year=1998 |isbn=0-679-45742-9}}
• {{Cite book| title=The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945 |author=Hague, Arnold |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2000 |isbn=1-55750-019-3}}
• {{Cite book| title=British and Dominion Warships of World War Two |author1=Lenton, H.T. |author2=Colledge, J.J. |publisher=Doubleday and Company |year=1968}}
• {{Cite book| title=North Atlantic Run |author=Milner, Marc |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-87021-450-0}}
• {{Cite book| title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945 |author1=Rohwer, J. |author2=Hummelchen, G. |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1992 |isbn=1-55750-105-X}}
• {{cite book| title=The U-Boat Offensive 1914–1945 |author=Tarrant, V.E. |publisher=Arms and Armour |year=1989 |isbn=1-85409-520-X}}

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Category:Naval battles of World War II involving Canada

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