Cooperative Election Study

The Cooperative Election Study (abbreviated CES) (formerly the Cooperative Congressional Election Study, abbreviated CCES) is a national online survey conducted before and after United States presidential and midterm elections.{{Cite web |url=https://theintercept.com/2017/01/25/just-5-clicks-internet-survey-inspired-trumps-claim-millions-voted-illegally/ |title=Just 5 Clicks on an Internet Survey Inspired Trump's Claim Millions Voted Illegally |last=Mackey |first=Robert |date=2017-01-26 |website=The Intercept |language=en-US |access-date=2017-12-21}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38744612 |title=Did millions vote illegally in the US? |date=2017 |work=BBC News |access-date=2017-12-21 |language=en-GB}} Originally designed by Stephen Ansolabehere of Harvard University, it was originally fielded in 2006 by the Palo Alto, California-based company Polimetrix, Inc., with help from 39 different American universities. Its original goal was to survey voters in the 2006 midterm elections. When it was begun, it was the largest survey of Congressional elections ever, with over 36,500 participants in its first wave alone.{{Cite journal |last1=Vavreck |first1=Lynn |author1-link=Lynn Vavreck |last2=Rivers |first2=Douglas |date=2008-11-01 |title=The 2006 Cooperative Congressional Election Study |journal=Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=355–366 |doi=10.1080/17457280802305177 |s2cid=145609707 |issn=1745-7289}}{{Cite web |url=https://cces.gov.harvard.edu/pages/welcome-cooperative-congressional-election-study |title=Welcome to the Cooperative Congressional Election Study! |website=Cooperative Congressional Election Study website |language=en |access-date=2017-12-21}}