Corbicula

Androgenesis occurs rarely in the tree of life, with only a few occurrences documented and multiple mechanisms through which it is achieved. In Corbicula, androgenesis occurs through the ejection of maternal chromosomes from the egg following fertilization by sperm.{{Cite journal |last1=Pigneur |first1=L.-M. |last2=Hedtke |first2=S. M. |last3=Etoundi |first3=E. |last4=Van Doninck |first4=K. |date=June 2012 |title=Androgenesis: a review through the study of the selfish shellfish Corbicula spp. |journal=Heredity |language=en |volume=108 |issue=6 |pages=581–591 |doi=10.1038/hdy.2012.3 |issn=1365-2540 |pmc=3356815 |pmid=22473310}} Fertilization in androgenetic and sexual lineages of Corbicula occurs while the developing egg is arrested at metaphase 1 of meiosis. In sexual species of Corbicula, the axis of the meiotic spindle orienting the duplicated maternal chromosomes is perpendicular to the plasma membrane of the zygote. However, androgenetic lineages of Corbicula have an axis parallel to the membrane. As a result of this unusual orientation, the two maternal polar bodies formed during anaphase 1 are extruded from the zygote, leading to the complete elimination of all maternal chromosomes.{{Cite journal |last1=Komaru |first1=A. |last2=Kawagishi |first2=Takaaki |last3=Konishi |first3=Kooichi |date=1998-04-01 |title=Cytological evidence of spontaneous androgenesis in the freshwater clam Corbicula leana Prime |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s004270050152 |journal=Development Genes and Evolution |volume=208 |issue=1 |pages=46–50 |doi=10.1007/s004270050152 |pmid=9518524 |issn=0949-944X}}{{Cite journal |last1=Hotta |first1=Masaru |last2=Komaru |first2=Akira |date=April 2018 |title=The Process of First Polar Body Formation in Eggs of the Androgenetic Clam Corbicula fluminea |url=https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-shellfish-research/volume-37/issue-1/035.037.0111/The-Process-of-First-Polar-Body-Formation-in-Eggs-of/10.2983/035.037.0111.full |journal=Journal of Shellfish Research |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=131–137 |doi=10.2983/035.037.0111 |issn=0730-8000}} Androgenetic Corbicula lineages also have unreduced sperm; therefore, these lineages retain the same ploidy level after maternal chromosome extrusion. Since only maternal chromosomes are eliminated from the zygote, the zygote inherits only the paternal genome. Sperm of sexually reproducing Corbicula are uniflagellate, which is considered the ancestral trait, while androgenetic Corbicula lineages interestingly possess biflagellate sperm.

While androgenesis would likely lead to species extinction in dioecious species,{{Cite journal |last1=McKone |first1=Mark J. |last2=Halpern |first2=Stacey L. |date=April 2003 |title=The Evolution of Androgenesis |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/368291 |journal=The American Naturalist |language=en |volume=161 |issue=4 |pages=641–656 |doi=10.1086/368291 |pmid=12776890 |bibcode=2003ANat..161..641M |issn=0003-0147}} all androgenetic lineages of Corbicula are hermaphroditic, meaning individuals can produce both sperm and egg, and these individuals can self-fertilize to create effectively clonal offspring. Androgenetic lineages of Corbicula are capable of cross-breeding with sexual and other androgenetic lineages in a phenomenon known as “egg parasitism”.{{Cite journal |last1=Hedtke |first1=Shannon M. |last2=Stanger-Hall |first2=Kathrin |last3=Baker |first3=Robert J. |last4=Hillis |first4=David M. |date=May 2008 |title=All-Male Asexuality: Origin and Maintenance of Androgenesis in the Asian Clam Corbicula |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00344.x |journal=Evolution |volume=62 |issue=5 |pages=1119–1136 |doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00344.x |pmid=18266987 |issn=0014-3820}} This leads to several interesting consequences for determining androgenetic Corbicula phylogeny. The first is a “cytonuclear mismatch” whereby the mitochondrial DNA shows congruence with the parasitized lineage but the genomic DNA is congruent with the selfish androgenetic lineage whose sperm fertilized the egg. Further complicating phylogenetic studies is the rare occurrence of partial or complete nuclear capture, when the maternal DNA is not completely eliminated from the zygote. Nuclear capture can result in genome recombination or polyploidy. Partial genome capture has been documented when native and androgenetic or multiple androgenetic lineages are sympatric. Egg parasitism has been offered as one explanation for the persistence of androgenetic lineages through increasing allele heterozygosity.{{Cite journal |last1=Vastrade |first1=Martin |last2=Etoundi |first2=Emilie |last3=Bournonville |first3=Thibaut |last4=Colinet |first4=Mathilde |last5=Debortoli |first5=Nicolas |last6=Hedtke |first6=Shannon M. |last7=Nicolas |first7=Emilien |last8=Pigneur |first8=Lise-Marie |last9=Virgo |first9=Julie |last10=Flot |first10=Jean-François |last11=Marescaux |first11=Jonathan |last12=Van Doninck |first12=Karine |date=2022 |title=Substantial genetic mixing among sexual and androgenetic lineages within the clam genus Corbicula |url=https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.180/ |journal=Peer Community Journal |language=fr |volume=2 |doi=10.24072/pcjournal.180 |issn=2804-3871}}

Despite extensive phylogenetic study of the genus, appropriate categorization of invasive populations has remained a challenge. Lack of clarity in their phylogeny may be due to being hermaphroditic androgens,{{Cite journal |last1=Ludwig |first1=Sandra |last2=Darrigran |first2=Gustavo |last3=Boeger |first3=Walter A. |date=March 2024 |title=Opening the black box of the invasion of Corbicula clams (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) in South America: a genetic and morphological evaluation |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10750-023-05378-1 |journal=Hydrobiologia |language=en |volume=851 |issue=5 |pages=1203–1217 |doi=10.1007/s10750-023-05378-1 |bibcode=2024HyBio.851.1203L |issn=0018-8158}} though no single species of Corbicula has been described as fully androgenetic. Rather, 4-5 specific androgenetic lineages are described in the scientific literature. Form A, B, and D are found within the North America;{{Cite journal |last1=Tiemann |first1=Jeremy |last2=Haponski |first2=Amanda |last3=Douglass |first3=Sarah |last4=Lee |first4=Taehwan |last5=Cummings |first5=Kevin |last6=Davis |first6=Mark |last7=Ó Foighil |first7=Diarmaid |date=2017 |title=First record of a putative novel invasive Corbicula lineage discovered in the Illinois River, Illinois, USA |url=http://www.reabic.net/journals/bir/2017/Issue2.aspx |journal=BioInvasions Records |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=159–166 |doi=10.3391/bir.2017.6.2.12}} Form C is in South America;{{Cite journal |last=Ituarte |first=CF |date=1994 |title=Corbicula and Neocorbicula (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) in the Parana, Uruguay, and Rio de La Plata basins |journal=Nautilus |volume=107 |pages=129–135}} and another form(s) has described in Europe. Cross-breeding between androgenetic and native Corbicula lineages have made it difficult to create a clear taxonomy of the genus, and it is still unclear whether androgenesis arose independently multiple times or originated from a smaller number of lineages that then cross-bred with sexual Corbicula species.{{Cite journal |last1=Hedtke |first1=Shannon M. |last2=Glaubrecht |first2=Matthias |last3=Hillis |first3=David M. |date=2011-06-07 |title=Rare gene capture in predominantly androgenetic species |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=108 |issue=23 |pages=9520–9524 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1106742108 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=3111314 |pmid=21606355|bibcode=2011PNAS..108.9520H }}

Corbicula clams are remarkably proficient invasive species, with native ranges spanning from Australia to Africa, but can now be found in most other continents.{{Cite journal |last1=Pigneur |first1=Lise-Marie |last2=Marescaux |first2=Jonathan |last3=Roland |first3=Kathleen |last4=Etoundi |first4=Emilie |last5=Descy |first5=Jean-Pierre |last6=Van Doninck |first6=Karine |date=2011-05-27 |title=Phylogeny and androgenesis in the invasive Corbicula clams (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) in Western Europe |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=147 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-11-147 |doi-access=free |pmid=21619630 |pmc=3126740 |bibcode=2011BMCEE..11..147P |issn=1471-2148}} In North America, Corbicula may have initially invaded as a human food source,{{Cite journal |last=COUNTS |first=CL |date=1981 |title=CORBICULA FLUMINEA (BIVALVIA: SPHAERIACEA) IN BRITISH COLUMBIA |url=https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=PASCALZOOLINEINRA8110204078 |journal=Corbicula Fluminea (Bivalvia: Sphaeriacea) in British Columbia}} though the origin of invasion in other continents has not been determined.{{Cite journal |last1=Crespo |first1=Daniel |last2=Dolbeth |first2=Marina |last3=Leston |first3=Sara |last4=Sousa |first4=Ronaldo |last5=Pardal |first5=Miguel Ângelo |date=July 2015 |title=Distribution of Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) in the invaded range: a geographic approach with notes on species traits variability |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10530-015-0862-y |journal=Biological Invasions |language=en |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=2087–2101 |doi=10.1007/s10530-015-0862-y |bibcode=2015BiInv..17.2087C |hdl=1822/49103 |issn=1387-3547|hdl-access=free }} However, genotyping may aid in tracking the number of introductions occurring in non-native habitats.{{Cite journal |last1=Sheehan |first1=Rory |last2=Etoundi |first2=Emilie |last3=Minchin |first3=Dan |last4=Doninck |first4=Karine |last5=Lucy |first5=Frances |date=2019-08-10 |title=Identification of the Invasive Form of Corbicula Clams in Ireland |journal=Water |language=en |volume=11 |issue=8 |pages=1652 |doi=10.3390/w11081652 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019Water..11.1652S |issn=2073-4441}}

Part of what contributes to its invasive success is its androgenetic reproductive strategy, wherein a single individual may be capable of creating an entire population, but beyond androgenesis, Corbicula owe their invasive potential to anthropogenic factors and their life history strategies.{{Cite journal |last1=Sousa |first1=R. |last2=Antunes |first2=C. |last3=Guilhermino |first3=L. |date=2008 |title=Ecology of the invasive Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) in aquatic ecosystems: an overview |url=https://www.limnology-journal.org/articles/limn/abs/2008/02/limn200844p85/limn200844p85.html |journal=Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology |language=en |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=85–94 |doi=10.1051/limn:2008017 |issn=0003-4088}} Corbicula have high reproductive capacities,{{Cite journal |last1=Sousa |first1=Ronaldo |last2=Nogueira |first2=António J. A. |last3=Gaspar |first3=Miguel B. |last4=Antunes |first4=Carlos |last5=Guilhermino |first5=Lúcia |date=2008-11-10 |title=Growth and extremely high production of the non-indigenous invasive species Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774): Possible implications for ecosystem functioning |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771408003144 |journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=289–295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecss.2008.08.006 |bibcode=2008ECSS...80..289S |issn=0272-7714}} which may be in part due to their ability to self-fertilize, and the high dispersal potential of their larvae.{{cn|date=May 2024}} Corbicula are also phenotypically plastic,{{Cite journal |last1=Modesto |first1=Vanessa |last2=Castro |first2=Paulo |last3=Lopes-Lima |first3=Manuel |last4=Antunes |first4=Carlos |last5=Ilarri |first5=Martina |last6=Sousa |first6=Ronaldo |date=2019-07-10 |title=Potential impacts of the invasive species Corbicula fluminea on the survival of glochidia |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719315621 |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=673 |pages=157–164 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.043 |pmid=30986675 |bibcode=2019ScTEn.673..157M |hdl=1822/72626 |issn=0048-9697|hdl-access=free }} which may allow them to outcompete native mussels,{{Cite journal |last1=Modesto |first1=Vanessa |last2=Dias |first2=Ester |last3=Ilarri |first3=Martina |last4=Lopes-Lima |first4=Manuel |last5=Teixeira |first5=Amílcar |last6=Varandas |first6=Simone |last7=Castro |first7=Paulo |last8=Antunes |first8=Carlos |last9=Sousa |first9=Ronaldo |date=2021-05-31 |title=Trophic niche overlap between native freshwater mussels (Order: Unionida) and the invasive Corbicula fluminea |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3618 |journal=Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems |volume=31 |issue=8 |pages=2058–2071 |doi=10.1002/aqc.3618 |hdl=10198/20668 |issn=1052-7613|hdl-access=free }} and their occurrence at high densities may drive native mussel glochidia mortality. Their high competitive ability is of concern, in part due to the already endangered status of many of the world’s mussel species.{{Cite journal |last1=Lopes-Lima |first1=Manuel |last2=Sousa |first2=Ronaldo |last3=Geist |first3=Juergen |last4=Aldridge |first4=David C. |last5=Araujo |first5=Rafael |last6=Bergengren |first6=Jakob |last7=Bespalaya |first7=Yulia |last8=Bódis |first8=Erika |last9=Burlakova |first9=Lyubov |last10=Van Damme |first10=Dirk |last11=Douda |first11=Karel |last12=Froufe |first12=Elsa |last13=Georgiev |first13=Dilian |last14=Gumpinger |first14=Clemens |last15=Karatayev |first15=Alexander |date=February 2017 |title=Conservation status of freshwater mussels in Europe: state of the art and future challenges: Conservation of European freshwater mussels |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12244 |journal=Biological Reviews |language=en |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=572–607 |doi=10.1111/brv.12244|pmid=26727244 |hdl=10198/15259 |hdl-access=free }}{{Cite journal |last=Haag |first=Wendell R. |date=December 2019 |title=Reassessing Enigmatic Mussel Declines in the United States |journal=Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=43–60 |doi=10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2019.43-60 |issn=2472-2944|doi-access=free }}

Though Corbicula are proficient competitors, they have a small number of lineages,{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Taehwan |last2=Siripattrawan |first2=Sirirat |last3=Ituarte |first3=Cristian F. |last4=Foighil |first4=Diarmaid O. |date=2005 |title=Invasion of the clonal clams: Corbicula lineages in the New World |journal=American Malacological Bulletin |volume=20 |pages=113–122 |via=ResearchGate}} and have worldwide low genetic diversity, which is attributed to their reproductive capabilities.{{Cite journal |last1=Pigneur |first1=Lise-Marie |last2=Etoundi |first2=Emilie |last3=Aldridge |first3=David C. |last4=Marescaux |first4=Jonathan |last5=Yasuda |first5=Nina |last6=Van Doninck |first6=Karine |date=October 2014 |title=Genetic uniformity and long-distance clonal dispersal in the invasive androgenetic Corbicula clams |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.12912 |journal=Molecular Ecology |language=en |volume=23 |issue=20 |pages=5102–5116 |doi=10.1111/mec.12912 |pmid=25208249 |bibcode=2014MolEc..23.5102P |issn=0962-1083}} While this generally does not contribute to their success, phenotypic plasticity may buffer them from the effects of low genetic diversity, though it is suggested that population bottlenecks may have occurred during their invasions.{{Cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Joong-Ki |last2=Choe |first2=Byung Lae |last3=Eom |first3=Keeseon S. |date=2004-06-30 |title=Two mitochondrial lineages in Korean freshwater Corbicula (Corbiculidae: bivalvia) |journal=Molecules and Cells |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=410–414 |doi=10.1016/S1016-8478(23)13060-3 |issn=1016-8478 |pmid=15232214|doi-access=free }} Despite the potential for population bottlenecks, there is a need for better control methods,{{Cite journal |last1=Modesto |first1=Vanessa |last2=Ilarri |first2=Martina |last3=Labecka |first3=Anna M. |last4=Ferreira-Rodríguez |first4=Noé |last5=Coughlan |first5=Neil E. |last6=Liu |first6=Xiongjun |last7=Sousa |first7=Ronaldo |date=2023-06-26 |title=What we know and do not know about the invasive Asian clam Corbicula fluminea |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05280-w |journal=Hydrobiologia |volume=852 |issue=5 |pages=1183–1214 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s10750-023-05280-w |issn=1573-5117}} as active spread has occurred.{{Cite journal |last1=Caffrey |first1=Joe |last2=Dick |first2=Jaimie |last3=Lucy |first3=Frances |last4=Davis |first4=Eithne |last5=Niven |first5=Art |last6=Coughlan |first6=Neil |date=2016 |title=First record of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia, Cyrenidae) in Northern Ireland |url=http://www.reabic.net/journals/bir/2016/Issue4.aspx |journal=BioInvasions Records |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=239–244 |doi=10.3391/bir.2016.5.4.08}}{{Cite journal |last1=Karaouzas |first1=Ioannis |last2=Zogaris |first2=Stamatis |last3=Froufe |first3=Elsa |last4=Lopes-Lima |first4=Manuel |date=2020 |title=Rival at the gate: first record of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea Müller, 1774 (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) in Greece |url=https://www.kmae-journal.org/articles/kmae/abs/2020/01/kmae200028/kmae200028.html |journal=Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems |language=en |issue=421 |pages=24 |doi=10.1051/kmae/2020017 |issn=1961-9502|doi-access=free }} While some eradication methods work, such as deposition of dry ice pellets,{{Cite journal |last=Coughlan |first=Neil |date=2018 |title=Cold as Ice: a novel eradication and control method for invasive Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, using pelleted dry ice |url=http://www.reabic.net/journals/mbi/2018/Issue4.aspx |journal=Management of Biological Invasions |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=463–474 |doi=10.3391/mbi.2018.9.4.09}} the use of a heat torch,{{Cite journal |last=Coughlan |first=Neil |date=2019 |title=Beds Are Burning: eradication and control of invasive Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, with rapid open-flame burn treatments |url=https://www.reabic.net/journals/mbi/2019/Issue3.aspx |journal=Management of Biological Invasions |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=486–499 |doi=10.3391/mbi.2019.10.3.06}} and temperature shock,{{Cite journal |last1=Coughlan |first1=Neil E. |last2=Cuthbert |first2=Ross N. |last3=Cunningham |first3=Eoghan M. |last4=Potts |first4=Stephen |last5=McSweeney |first5=Diarmuid |last6=Vong |first6=Gina Y. W. |last7=Healey |first7=Emma |last8=Crane |first8=Kate |last9=Caffrey |first9=Joe M. |last10=Lucy |first10=Frances E. |last11=Davis |first11=Eithne |last12=Dick |first12=Jaimie T. A. |date=July 2021 |title=Smoke on the Water: Comparative Assessment of Combined Thermal Shock Treatments for Control of Invasive Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea |journal=Environmental Management |language=en |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=117–125 |doi=10.1007/s00267-021-01474-x |issn=0364-152X |pmc=8172490 |pmid=33914093|bibcode=2021EnMan..68..117C }} preventative measures are of utmost importance as invasives are often difficult to detect prior to establishment.

Extant species within the genus Corbicula include:

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• Corbicula africana (Krauss, 1848)
• Corbicula angulifera E. von Martens, 1897
• Corbicula anomioides (Bogan & Bouchet, 1998)
• Corbicula astartina (E. von Martens, 1860)
• Corbicula aurea Nesemann & G. Sharma, 2007
• Corbicula australis (Deshayes, 1830)
• Corbicula baudoni Morlet, 1886
• Corbicula bitruncata E. von Martens, 1908
• Corbicula blandiana Prime, 1864
• Corbicula bocourti (Morelet, 1865)
• Corbicula cashmiriensis Deshayes, 1855
• Corbicula castanea (Morelet, 1865)
• Corbicula consularis Prime, 1870
• Corbicula cyreniformis Prime, 1860
• Corbicula dautzenbergi Prashad, 1928
• Corbicula elatior E. von Martens, 1905
• Corbicula elongata Clessin, 1878
• Corbicula erosa Prime, 1861
• Corbicula ferghanensis Kursalova & Starobogatov, 1971
• Corbicula fluminalis (O. F. Müller, 1774)
• Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774) – Asian clam
• Corbicula formosana Dall, 1903
• Corbicula gabonensis Preston, 1909
• Corbicula gustaviana E. von Martens, 1900
• Corbicula iravadica Blanford, 1880
• Corbicula japonica Prime, 1864[http://www.fao.org/fi/website/FIRetrieveAction.do?dom=species&fid=3555]
• Corbicula javanica (Mousson, 1849)
• Corbicula lamarckiana Prime, 1864
• Corbicula largillierti (Philippi, 1844)
• Corbicula larnaudieri Prime, 1862
• Corbicula leana (Prime, 1864)
• Corbicula leviuscula Prime, 1864
• Corbicula loehensis Kruimel, 1913
• Corbicula lutea Morelet, 1862
• Corbicula lydigiana Prime, 1861
• Corbicula madagascariensis Smith, 1882
• Corbicula mahalonensis Kruimel, 1913
• Corbicula malaccensis Deshayes, 1855
• Corbicula manilensis (Philippi, 1844)
• Corbicula maroubra (Iredale, 1943)
• Corbicula masapensis Kruimel, 1913
• Corbicula matannensis Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898
• Corbicula messageri Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1901
• Corbicula moltkiana Prime, 1878
• Corbicula moreletiana Prime, 1867
• Corbicula mortoni M. Huber, 2015
• Corbicula nitens (Philippi, 1844)
• Corbicula noetlingi E. von Martens, 1899
• Corbicula ovalina Deshayes, 1855
• Corbicula poppei Thach & F. Huber, 2021
• Corbicula possoensis Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898
• Corbicula pulchella (Mousson, 1849)
• Corbicula pullata (Philippi, 1850)
• Corbicula rectipatula B.-Y. Huang, 1981
• Corbicula regia Clessin, 1879
• Corbicula rivalis (Philippi, 1850)
• Corbicula sandai Reinchardt, 1878
• Corbicula senegalensis Clessin, 1877
• Corbicula siamensis Prashad, 1928
• Corbicula similis (W. Wood, 1828)
• Corbicula solida Clessin, 1887
• Corbicula solidula Prime, 1861
• Corbicula straminea Reinhardt, 1877
• Corbicula striatella Deshayes, 1855
• Corbicula subnitens Clessin, 1887
• Corbicula subplanata E. von Martens, 1897
• Corbicula tenuis Clessin, 1887
• Corbicula tibetensis Prashad, 1929
• Corbicula tobae E. von Martens, 1900
• Corbicula towutensis Kruimel, 1913
• Corbicula tsadiana E. von Martens, 1903
• Corbicula virescens Brandt, 1974

{{div col end}}

{{Reflist}}

• Bogan, A., Bouchet, P. (1998). Cementation in the freshwater bivalve family Corbiculidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia): a new genus and species from Lake Poso, Indonesia. Hydrobiologia, 389: 131-139
• Suzuki, K.; Oyama, K. (1943). Überblick über die Corbiculiden Ostasiens (Materialien zur Monographic der Ostasiatischen Corbiculiden 1). Venus. 12(3-4): 138–149.
• Ota, Y. [Ohta, Y.]. (1970). A review of some Cretaceous corbiculids in North America. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, new series. 79: 291–315.

• Alexei V. Korniushin, Matthias Glaubrecht (2003) Novel reproductive modes in freshwater clams: brooding and larval morphology in Southeast Asian taxa of Corbicula (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) Acta Zoologica 84 (4), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6395.2003.00150.x
• (Redescription) Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp.

{{Commons category|Corbicula}}

• [https://books.google.com/books?id=JicVAAAAYAAJMegerle von Mühlfeld J.C. (1811). Entwurf eines neuen Systems der Schaltiergehäuse. Magazin für die neuesten Entdecklungen in der gesammten Naturkunde von der Gesellschaft Naturforschaft Freunde zu Berlin. 5(1): 38-72, plate 3]
• [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3794255 Dall, W. H. (1903). Review of the classification of the Cyrenacea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 16: 5-8.]
• [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Archiv-fuer-Molluskenkunde_65_0264-0268.pdf Lindholm W.A. (1933). Eine verschollene Muschel aus Zentralasien. Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 65: 264–268]
• [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49567154 Sandberger, C.L.F. (1870-1875). Die Land- und Süßwasser-Conchylien der Vorwelt. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden.]

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Category:Cyrenidae

Category:Bivalve genera