Cordelia Ray
{{Short description|American poet (1852–1916)}}{{Infobox person
| name = Henrietta Cordelia Ray
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1852|08|30}}
| birth_place = New York City
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1916|01|05|1852|08|30}}
| occupation = poet, teacher
| parents = Charlotte Augusta Burroughs
Charles B. Ray
}}
Henrietta Cordelia Ray (August 30, 1852 – January 5, 1916) was an African American poet and teacher. Her parents were notable abolitionists, and had worked for the Underground Railroad in Manhattan.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ugapress.org/book/9780820357645/forms-of-contention/|title = Forms of Contention: Influence and the African American Sonnet Tradition}}{{Cite book |last=Snodgrass |first=Mary Ellen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SWusBwAAQBAJ |title=The Underground Railroad: An Encyclopedia of People, Places, and Operations |date=2015-03-26 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-45416-8 |pages=675 |language=en}}
Biography
Cordelia Ray was born in New York City, to parents Charlotte Augusta Burroughs and Charles B. Ray. She was named for her father's first wife, Henrietta Ray. She had six siblings including two sisters, Charlotte and Florence.
In 1891, Ray graduated from the University of the City of New York with a master's in pedagogy. She also studied French, German, Greek and Latin at the Saveneur School of Languages.Brown, Hallie Q. Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction. Xenia, Ohio: Aldine Publishing Company, 1926. She became a schoolteacher, but stopped teaching in order to write.{{cite web|last=Osborne|first=Tonya Michelle|title=Charlotte E. Ray: A Black Woman Lawyer|publisher=Stanford Law School|url=http://wlh-static.law.stanford.edu/papers/RayC-Osborne01.pdf|accessdate= April 30, 2014}}
Ray's ode "Lincoln" was read at the unveiling of the Emancipation Memorial in Washington, D.C. in April 1876. A memoir of her father, written with her sister Florence, was published by J. J. Little & Co. in 1887.{{cite web|title=Henrietta Ray, a fine Black poet and biographer|url=https://aaregistry.org/story/henrietta-ray-a-fine-black-poet-and-biographer/|work=African American Registry|accessdate=October 31, 2018}}{{cite book|last=Ray|first=Florence|title=Sketch of the Life of the Rev. Charles B. Ray|year=1887|publisher=J.J. Little|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OQneMgEACAAJ|first2=Henrietta Cordelia|last2=Ray|accessdate=April 26, 2014}} Her collection Sonnets was printed, also by Little, in 1893, and her Poems was published in 1910.
Ray died on January 5, 1916.
Sonnets
File:Emancipation Memorial.jpg" (1876), in Washington, D.C.|alt="Emancipation Memorial" (1876), in Washington, D.C.]]
Ray's Sonnets (1893) was a short book of 12 sonnets on Milton, Shakespeare, Raphael, and Beethoven, among other subjects.Ray, H. Cordelia, Sonnets. New York: Press of J.J. Little & Co., 1893. Her sonnet on the Haitian revolutionary Toussaint L'Overture is notable for its engagement in black politics (absent from her earlier verse) and for its allusions to William Wordsworth's famous sonnet [http://www.bartleby.com/41/390.html "To Touissaint L'Overture"]:Ray, Henrietta Cordelia, [http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/182743 "To Touissaint L'Overture"] at Poetry Foundation.
To those fair isles where crimson sunsets burn,
We send a backward glance to gaze on thee,
Brave Toussaint! thou was surely born to be
A hero; thy proud spirit could but spurn
Each outrage on the race. Couldst thou unlearn
The lessons taught by instinct? Nay! and we
Who share the zeal that would make all men free,
Must e’en with pride unto thy life-work turn.
Soul-dignity was thine and purest aim;
And ah! how sad that thou wast left to mourn
In chains ’neath alien skies. On him, shame! shame!
That mighty conqueror who dared to claim
The right to bind thee. Him we heap with scorn,
And noble patriot! guard with love thy name.Banks, M. O. (2000). HENRIETTA CORDELIA RAY. African American Authors, 1745–1945: Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook, 366.
Ray's reputation as a poet rests primarily on her early poem to Abraham Lincoln and on sonnets from her 1910 volume, which were republished widely in anthologies in the early twentieth century.Fauset, Jessie, "What to Read", The Crisis 4:4 (August 1912): 183. Her work has been rediscovered in twenty-first-century scholarship.Looney, Dennis, Freedom Readers: The African American Reception of Dante Alighieri and the Divine Comedy. University of Notre Dame Press, 2011.Francini, Antonella, "Sonnet vs. Sonnet: The Fourteen Lines in African American Poetry", RSA Journal 14/2003. 45.
Publications
- Sketch of the life of Rev. Charles B. Ray. New York: Press of J.J. Little & Co., 1887
- [https://archive.org/details/sonnets00rayh Sonnets]. New York: Press of J.J. Little & Co., 1893
- Poems. New York: Grafton Press, 1910
{{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooksby=yes|lcheading= Ray, H. Cordelia (Henrietta Cordelia), 1852?–1916}}
References
{{reflist|30em}}
External links
- [http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm9719/@Generic__BookView Cordelia Ray] at Digital Schomburg African American Women Writers of the 19th Century.
- {{Librivox author |id=12031}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ray, Henrietta Cordelia}}
Category:African-American poets
Category:African-American schoolteachers
Category:Schoolteachers from New York (state)
Category:American women educators
Category:African-American activists
Category:Educators from New York City
Category:New York University alumni
Category:19th-century American poets
Category:19th-century American women writers
Category:19th-century African-American women writers
Category:19th-century African-American writers
Category:Activists from New York City
Category:American women biographers
Category:Historians from New York (state)
Category:20th-century African-American women writers