Correctiv
{{Short description|German investigative journalism organisation}}
{{Expand German|Correctiv|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Correctiv
| logo = Logo-CORRECTIVorg.svg
| type = Non-profit
| tax_id =
| founded_date = 2014
| founder = David Schraven
| location = Berlin, Germany; Essen, Germany
| origins =
| key_people = David Schraven (publisher), David Crawford (senior reporter)
| area_served = Abuse of power, corruption, environment, education, health, social justice, right-wing extremism, religious extremism
| focus = Investigative journalism
| method = Foundation and member supported
| revenue =
| endowment =
| num_volunteers = >500
| num_employees = 70
| num_members =
| owner =
| slogan =
| homepage = {{URL|https://correctiv.org/en}}
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
}}
Correctiv (self-styled CORRECT!V) is a German nonprofit investigative journalism newsroom based in Essen and Berlin. It is run by CORRECTIV – Recherchen für die Gesellschaft gemeinnützige GmbH ("CORRECTIV – Investigations for the Society (Charitable Limited)"), which also runs the online journalism academy Reporterfabrik.{{Cite web |title=Impressum – Reporterfabrik |url=https://reporterfabrik.org/impressum/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |language=de-DE}}
Its stated goals are to provide free, independent journalism accessible to everyone. Furthermore, the collective aims to counter disinformation to strengthen democratic structures.{{Cite web |title=Über uns |url=https://correctiv.org/ueber-uns/ |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Correctiv.org}}
{{Cite web |title=About Correctiv |url=https://correctiv.org/en/correctiv/ |access-date=2015-08-21 |work=Corrrectiv}}
Correctiv counts more than 70 employees and associates{{Cite web |title=Unser Team |url=https://correctiv.org/ueber-uns/#team |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Correctiv.org}} and states to be the first nonprofit investigative center in Germany due to being exclusively financed by donations and fundings since 2014. The collective describes itself as an organization that is "one of the many answers to the media crisis." Correctiv publishes reports in multiple languages beside German including Arabic, English, French, Russian and Turkish, via its website and partner outlets.
History
Correctiv was initiated in January 2014 by the charitable organization "Correctiv – Recherchen für die Gesellschaft" ("Correctiv – Research for Society") based in Essen with an initial financial support by the Brost Foundation with a grant of €1 million per year for three years.{{cite web | url=http://www.niemanlab.org/2014/07/germany-is-getting-a-data-centric-nonprofit-newsroom-and-hoping-to-build-new-models-for-news/ | title=Germany is getting a data-centric nonprofit newsroom and hoping to build new models for news | publisher=Harvard University | work=NiemanLab | date=17 July 2014 | access-date=2015-08-21 | author=Caroline O'Donovan}}
In 2017 Reporterfabrik, an independent journalism school was founded partly by people from the Correctiv collective. Correctiv continues to host and closely work with Reporterfabrik.{{Cite web |title=Reporterfabrik |url=https://reporterfabrik.org/uber-uns/ |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Reporterfabrik.org}}
Correctiv.Lokal, a network for joint research by local journalists, bloggers and experts, was launched in August 2018 together with the Rudolf Augstein Foundation.{{cite web|access-date=2018-08-30|date=2018-08-30|title=Correctiv gründet Netzwerk für kollaborativen Lokaljournalismus|url=https://download.correctiv.org/presse/PM_Lokal.pdf|website=correctiv.org}}
In May 2020, the Salon5 youth editorial team was founded with the support of the Ruhr Conference of the state government of North Rhine-Westphalia and the RAG Foundation.{{Cite web |date=2020-05-14 |title=Correctiv startet Jugendredaktion "Salon5" |url=https://correctiv.org/in-eigener-sache/2020/05/14/correctiv-startet-jugendredaktion-salon5/ |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=correctiv.org |language=de-DE}}
Organization
Correctiv is a member of the International Fact-Checking Network.{{Cite journal |last=Humprecht |first=Edda |date=2020-03-15 |title=How Do They Debunk 'Fake News'? A Cross-National Comparison of Transparency in Fact Checks |url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/177058/8/Humprecht_2019_accepted_manuscript.pdf |journal=Digital Journalism |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=310–327 |doi=10.1080/21670811.2019.1691031 |issn=2167-0811}}
=Funding=
Correctiv is a nonprofit organization and exempt from taxation under German law. The funding comes largely from establishment foundations and corporations, such as the Open Society Foundations, Google Germany GmbH, and German Telekom,{{Cite web |title=Finances |url=https://correctiv.org/finances/?lang=en |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=correctiv.org |language=en-US}} as well as membership fees and donations from the users and readers. All donations of more than €1000 are listed on the website. Despite depending on establishment foundations and corporations for most of its funding, Correctiv claims to be "nonprofit, independent and investigative".
=Board of directors=
David Schraven is the publisher and Jeannette Gusko the executive director.{{Cite web
| title = Board
| url = https://correctiv.org/correctiv/geschaeftsfuehrung/
| work = Correctiv
| access-date = 2018-08-03
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160804015504/https://correctiv.org/correctiv/geschaeftsfuehrung/
| archive-date = 2016-08-04
| url-status = dead
}}
Editorial stance
Reports/Publications
Correctiv reported amongst other things on
- "The System of Putin" (Dirty Money and State Collapse){{Cite web|url=https://correctiv.org/en/thema/latest-stories/the-system-of-putin/|title=The System Of Putin|website=correctiv.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "TTIP - The Deal" (Investigative, Analytic, Interactive: All about the Free Trade){{Cite web|url=https://correctiv.org/aktuelles/ttip/2015/04/15/das-ttip-dossier/|title=Das TTIP-Dossier|date=2015-04-15|website=correctiv.org|language=de-DE|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "Flight MH17" (Searching for the truth){{Cite web|url=https://mh17.correctiv.org/english/|title=Fllug MH17 {{!}} MH17 – Hauptgeschichte – English|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "The Invisibles" (Hundreds of thousands live in Germany without papers){{Cite web|url=https://correctiv.org/en/|title=Correctiv –– Recherchen für die Gesellschaft|website=correctiv.org|language=en|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "Weisse Wölfe" (A graphic investigation into the Nazi underground){{Cite web|url=http://weisse-woelfe-comic.de/|title=Weisse Wölfe – correctiv.org|website=weisse-woelfe-comic.de|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "Court Donations" (How Judges And Prosecutors Hand Out Millions Every Year With Almost No Oversight){{Cite web|url=https://correctiv.org/en/latest-stories/court-donations/2014/09/15/who-gets-money-from-judges-and-prosecutors/|title=Who gets money from judges and prosecutors?|date=2014-09-15|website=correctiv.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "Mafia in Africa" (How the mafia infiltrates the African economy)
- "Mafia" (Stories about the Mafia: drugs, dirty money, murder and investigations){{Cite web|url=https://correctiv.org/aktuelles/mafia/2018/05/15/restituiti-villa-e-denaro-allimprenditore-pelliccioni/|title=Restituiti villa e denaro all'imprenditore Pelliccioni|date=2018-05-15|website=correctiv.org|language=de-DE|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "Deadly Superbugs" (An investigation of one of the largest health risks of the next decades){{Cite web|url=https://correctiv.org/en/latest-stories/super-bugs/2014/11/27/deadly-superbugs/|title=Deadly Superbugs|date=2014-11-27|website=correctiv.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "Football Doping" (Everything about Doping and Painkillers in Football){{Cite web|url=https://correctiv.org/en/thema/latest-stories/doping-in-football/|title=Doping in football|website=correctiv.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "Generation E" (The big migration from South to North){{Cite web|url=https://generatione.correctiv.org/mainstoryenglish/|title=generatione.correctiv.org {{!}} Generation E – Hauptgeschichte – English|language=de-DE|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- Couchsurfing{{Cite web|url=https://couchsurfing.correctiv.org/|title=Correctiv {{!}} Couchsurfing|language=de-DE|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "Business Cheats" (How Fraudsters Turn Forged Bonds Into Cash){{Cite web|url=https://correctiv.org/en/top-stories-en/2014/09/04/business-cheats/|title=Business Cheats|date=2014-09-04|website=correctiv.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "Das Olivenöl-Kartell" (The Olive-Oil-Cartell){{Cite web|url=http://index.html/|title=Das Olivenöl-Kartell {{!}}|language=de-DE|access-date=2019-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717230103/http://index.html/|archive-date=2009-07-17|url-status=dead}}
- "CumEx-Files"{{Cite web|url=https://cumex-files.com/|title=Correctiv – Investigative. Independent. Non-profit.|website=cumex-files.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-09}}
- "Grand Theft Europe"{{Cite web|url=https://correctiv.org/en/top-stories-en/2019/05/07/grand-theft-europe/|title=Grand Theft Europe - A cross-border investigation|date=2019-05-07|website=correctiv.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-09}}
=Flight MH17=
Correctiv described the Flight MH17 as one of the greatest war crimes of modern times. Over several months it gathered facts, investigated in eastern Ukraine and Russia, and found witnesses to the missile launch, unveiled a clear chain of evidence that MH17 was downed by a BUK missile ground-launched by a unit of the Russian 53rd Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade from Kursk. The brigade unit operated in mid July on Ukrainian territory without displaying national emblems.
{{Cite web
| title = Flight MH17
| url = https://mh17.correctiv.org/english/
| work = Correctiv
| access-date = 2015-08-21
}}
| title = "Correctiv" und MH17 – eine Analyse
| url = https://ziviler-ungehorsam.org/correctiv-und-mh17-eine-analyse/
| work = WIR!
| access-date = 2015-08-21
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003337/https://ziviler-ungehorsam.org/correctiv-und-mh17-eine-analyse/
| archive-date = 2016-03-04
| url-status = dead
}}
= 2024 AfD revelations =
{{main|Meeting of right-wing extremists at Potsdam in 2023}}
In January 2024, Correctiv published a report titled "Secret Plan Against Germany" ({{langx|de|"Geheimplan gegen Deutschland"}}) that described a meeting between AfD and CDU members and far-right elements to plan a program of forced "re-migration" of immigrants and others considered undesirable.{{Cite web |date=2024-01-15 |title=Secret plan against Germany |url=https://correctiv.org/en/top-stories/2024/01/15/secret-plan-against-germany/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=correctiv.org |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2024-01-10 |title=Geheimplan gegen Deutschland |url=https://correctiv.org/aktuelles/neue-rechte/2024/01/10/geheimplan-remigration-vertreibung-afd-rechtsextreme-november-treffen/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=correctiv.org |language=de-DE}} The report led to mass demonstrations in Germany against AfD.{{Cite web |title=Germany sees second day of large protests against far right – DW – 01/21/2024 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-second-day-of-anti-far-right-protests-sweeps-major-cities/a-68045396 |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=dw.com |language=en}}
Awards
- 2014: Journalist des Jahres in category "newcomer" for the team of Correctiv[http://www.mediummagazin.de/aktuelles/die-journalistin-des-jahres-2014-golineh-atai-wdrard/ Begründung der Jury 19 December 2014], retrieved 19 June 2015.
- 2015: Grimme Online Award for their investigation "MH17 – Die Suche nach der Wahrheit"{{Cite web |url=http://www.tagesschau.de/kultur/grimme-online-awards-101.html |title=Grimme Online Award 2015. Ausgezeichnete Infos und Unterhaltung |access-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-date=June 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619163048/http://www.tagesschau.de/kultur/grimme-online-awards-101.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}. tagesschau.de, 19 June 2015.[http://www.zeit.de/kultur/2015-06/grimme-online-award-gewinner-lorenz-maroldt Grimme Online Award: „Tagesspiegel"-Chef für Newsletter ausgezeichnet.] In: Der Tagesspiegel, 18 June 2015.{{Cite web |url=http://www.grimme-institut.de/html/index.php?id=2014&no_cache=1 |title=Grimme Online Award 2015 – Preisträger. |access-date=July 10, 2019 |archive-date=December 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208060154/http://www.grimme-institut.de/html/index.php?id=2014&no_cache=1 |url-status=bot: unknown }}
- 2015: Deutscher Reporterpreis in category "innovation" for graphic feature "Weisse Wölfe" by David Schraven and Jan Feindt{{cite web|title=Deutscher Reporterpreis 2015: Fünf Auszeichnungen für die Zeit|periodical=|publisher=Meedia GmbH & Co. KG|url=https://meedia.de/2015/12/08/deutscher-reporterpreis-2015-fuenf-auszeichnungen-fuer-die-zeit/|format=|access-date=|date=2015-12-08|language=|pages=|quote=}}
- 2015: Franco-German Journalism Award for "MH17 – Die Suche nach der Wahrheit"{{cite web|title=Deutsch-Französischer Journalistenpreis (DFJP) 2015 verliehen – Auszeichnung auch an Cartooning for Peace|periodical=|publisher=Deutsch-Französischer Journalistenpreis|url=https://dfjp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/pressemeldung-preisverleihung-dfjp-2015.pdf|access-date=|last=Saarländischer Rundfunk|date=2015-07-01|language=|pages=|quote=}}
- 2016: Deutscher Reporterpreis in category "innovation"[http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/reporterpreis-2016-die-gewinner-a-1124570.html Reporterpreis 2016 - Das sind die Preisträger] In: Spiegel Online, 6 December 2016.{{cite web|title=Deutscher Reporterpreis 2016 in Berlin verliehen|periodical=|publisher=Reporter-Forum e. V.|url=http://www.reporter-forum.de/index.php?id=229|format=|access-date=|last=|date=2016-12-02|language=|pages=|quote=}}
- 2016: Journalist des Jahres in category "Team des Jahres" (Team of the year){{cite web|title=Das sind die Journalisten des Jahres 2016|periodical=|publisher=medium magazin für Journalisten|url=https://www.mediummagazin.de/pm-jdj2016/|format=|access-date=|last=Medium Magazin|date=2016-12-23|language=|pages=|quote=}}
- 2016: LeadAward in category Independent of the year{{cite web|title=Die Preisträger Hauptkategorie Online Independent des Jahres|periodical=|publisher=Leadacademy für Medien e. V.|url=http://www.leadacademy.de/2016/diepreistraeger.html|access-date=July 9, 2024|date=|year=|language=|pages=|quote=}}
- 2016: Axel Springer Preis in category "Investigation" for undercover feature "animal thieves"{{cite web|title=Axel-Springer-Preis für "Die Tierdiebe" von Correctiv und "FAKT"|periodical=|publisher=MDR Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk|url=http://www.presseportal.de/pm/7880/3317142|format=|access-date=|date=2016-05-02|language=|pages=|quote=}}
- 2016: Award "Innovation of the year" by Wirtschaftsjournalist magazine for developing the software [https://crowdnewsroom.org/ CrowdNewsroom] and the analysis of mutual banks "Sparkassen-Check"Marc Bartl: [https://kress.de/news/detail/beitrag/136719-stefan-baron-fuer-sein-lebenswerk-ausgezeichnet-gabriele-fischer-ist-wirtschaftsjournalistin-des-jahres.html „Stefan Baron für sein Lebenswerk ausgezeichnet: Gabriele Fischer ist 'Wirtschaftsjournalistin des Jahres'"]. kress NEWS, 21 December 2016.
- 2017: ERM-Media Award for sustainable development. Award for Fabian Löhe and Annika Joeres for Correctiv{{cite web|title=Pressedienste & Social Media ERM-Medienpreis|periodical=|publisher=Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Umwelt Nürtingen-Geislingen|url=https://www.hfwu.de/hfwu-scout/anlaufstellen/hochschulkommunikation/pressedienste-social-media/erm-medienpreis/erm-medienpreis/|format=|access-date=|last=Gerhard Schmücker, HfWU|date=|year=|language=|pages=|quote=}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
- 2018: Franco-German Journalism Award for the project "searise" by Annika Joeres and Simon Jockers for Correctiv{{cite web|title=Deutsch-Französischer Journalistenpreis 2018 verliehen|periodical=|publisher=Deutsch-Französisches Jugendwerk DFJW|url=https://www.dfjw.org/meldungen/deutsch-franzosischer-journalistenpreis-2018.html|access-date=|last=Deutsch-Französisches Jugendwerk|date=2018-07-04|language=|pages=|quote=}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
- 2018: Dr.-Georg-Schreiber-Mediaaward{{cite web|title=Dr. Georg Schreiber-Medienpreis der AOK Bayern|periodical=|publisher=GKV-Netzwerk|url=https://gkv-netzwerk.de/dr-georg-schreiber-medienpreis-der-aok-bayern-531/|format=|access-date=|last=AOK Bayern|date=2016-05-02|language=|pages=|quote=|archive-date=2019-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112132557/https://gkv-netzwerk.de/dr-georg-schreiber-medienpreis-der-aok-bayern-531/|url-status=dead}}
- 2018: Journalist award by Apothekerstiftung Westfalen Lippe for reporting on "Alte Apotheke"{{cite web|title=Fünf Beiträge zu Pharmazie und Apotheke ausgezeichnet|periodical=|publisher=Apothekerkammer Westfalen-Lippe|url=https://www.akwl.de/presseinfo.php?id=51&pid=464|format=|access-date=|last=Apothekerkammer Westfalen-Lippe|date=2018-04-24|language=|pages=|quote=}}{{cite web|title=Journalistenpreis: Platz eins für Recherche zum Zytoskandal|periodical=|publisher=Mediengruppe Deutscher Apotheker GmbH|url=https://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/2018-04/journalistenpreis-platz-eins-fuer-recherche-zum-zytoskandal/|format=|access-date=|last=Pharmazeutische Zeitung online|date=2018-04-24|language=|pages=|quote=}}
- 2018: Otto-Brenner-Preis for journalism for the works "Er kommt am Abend" and "Vergewaltigt auf Europas Feldern" by Pascale Müller (Correctiv) and Stefania Prandi (BuzzFeed){{cite web|title=Otto Brenner Stiftung zeichnet zum 14. Mal herausragenden Journalismus aus|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://www.otto-brenner-stiftung.de/sie-moechten/presseinfos-abrufen/detail/news/otto-brenner-stiftung-zeichnet-zum-14-mal-herausragenden-journalismus-aus/news-a/show/news-c/NewsItem/news-from/112/|format=|access-date=|last=|date=2018-10-18|language=|pages=|quote=}}
- 2018: Umweltmedienpreis by Deutsche Umwelthilfe for the project "Irrsinn der Agrarpolitik"{{cite web|title=Deutsche Umwelthilfe e. V.: Die Preisträger|periodical=|publisher=|url=https://www.duh.de/ump_preistraeger/|format=|access-date=|last=|date=|year=|language=|pages=|quote=}} by Justus von Daniels, Stefan Wehrmeyer and Annika Joeres for Correctiv
- 2019: {{ill|Nannen Prize|de|Nannen Preis}} in feature for article "Vergewaltigt auf Europas Feldern" by Pascale Müller (Correctiv) and Stefania Prandi (BuzzFeed){{cite web|title=Nannen Preis 2019: Das sind die Nominierten in den einzelnen Kategorien|periodical=Meedia Newsletter|publisher=Meedia GmbH & Co. KG|url=https://meedia.de/2019/05/09/nannen-preis-2019-das-sind-die-nominierten-in-den-einzelnen-kategorien/|format=|access-date=|date=2019-05-09|language=|pages=|quote=}}{{cite web|title=Die Nannen-Preisträger 2019|periodical=|publisher=Deutschlandfunk|url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/journalismus-die-nannen-preistraeger-2019.2849.de.html?drn:news_id=1011554|format=|access-date=|last=|date=2019-05-28|language=|pages=|quote=|archive-date=2019-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603094611/https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/journalismus-die-nannen-preistraeger-2019.2849.de.html%3Fdrn:news_id%3D1011554|url-status=dead}}
- 2020: Deutsch-Französischer Journalistenpreis in the category „Multimedia“ for their reporting on tax evasion{{Cite web |title=Virtuelle Vergabe des Deutsch-Französischen Journalistenpreises (DFJP) |url=https://dfjp.eu/portfolio-items/preistraeger-2020/#preistr%C3%A4ger |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Deutsch-Französischer Journalistenpreis e.V.}}
- 2023: Reporter:innen-Preis 2023 in the category of „Data Journalism“ for an investigation about the state of women's shelters{{Cite web |title=Reporter:innen Forum |url=https://www.reporter-forum.de/reporterinnen-preis/reporterinnen-preis-2023 |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Reporter:innen-Forum e.V.}}
- 2023: Deutscher Verlagspreis{{Cite web |title=Die Preisträger 2023 |url=https://www.deutscher-verlagspreis.de/preistraeger-2023 |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Deutscher Verlagspreis}}
- 2023: Grimme Online Award in the category of „Recherche“ for their research on access to abortion in Germany{{Cite web |title=Grimme Online Award |url=https://www.grimme-online-award.de/archiv/2023/preisverleihung |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=Grimme-Institut Gesellschaft für Medien, Bildung und Kultur mbH}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Further reading
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite web
| url = http://www.jhu.edu/jhumag/1100web/lewis.html
| title = An "i" Toward Tough Journalism
| publisher = Johns Hopkins Magazine
| first = Dale
| last = Keiger
| date = November 2000
| access-date = 2012-06-09
}}
- {{Cite interview
| interviewer = Brian Lamb
| last = Buzenberg
| first = Bill
| title = Q&A
| work = Q & A
| date = January 1, 2008
| url = http://www.c-span.org/special/Buzenberg.asp
}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
- {{Cite news
| last = Glaser
| first = Mark
| title = Center for Public Integrity Leading the Way for Serious Online Journalism
| publisher = Online Journalism Review
| date = 25 February 2004
| url = http://www.ojr.org/ojr/glaser/1077668140.php
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061104025834/http://www.ojr.org/ojr/glaser/1077668140.php
| archive-date = 4 November 2006
}}
- {{Cite news
| last = Lewis
| first = Charles
| title = Are We Better Off: This is Reform?
| publisher = Mother Jones
| date = May 3, 2004
| url = https://www.motherjones.com/news/special_reports/2004/04/MJ100_200.html
}}
- {{Cite speech
| title = Digging Where Journalists Don't Dig
| first = Charles
| last = Lewis
| url = http://niemanwatchdog.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=about.Digging%20Where%20Journalists%20Don't%20Dig
}}
- {{Cite speech
| title = Expanding The Definition of News Media Trust, A Jay Rosen-Led Conversation
| first = Charles
| last = Lewis
| url = http://www.restoringthetrust.org/day4.shtml
| date = August 9, 2005
| location = San Antonio, Texas
}}
{{refend}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Center For Public Integrity}}
Category:News agencies based in Germany
Category:Online person databases
Category:Organizations established in 2014