Correlative-based fallacies

A correlative conjunction is a relationship between two statements where one must be false and the other true. In formal logic this is known as the exclusive or relationship; traditionally, terms between which this relationship exists have been called contradictories.

In the following example, statement b explicitly negates statement a:

{{ordered list|type=lower-alpha

| 1 = Fido is a dog.

| 2 = Fido is not a dog.

}}

Statements can also be mutually exclusive, without explicitly negating each other as in the following example:

{{ordered list|type=lower-alpha

| 1 = Object one is larger than object two.

| 2 = Object one is smaller or the same size as object two.

}}

Fallacies based on correlatives include:{{cite book |last=Jenicek |first=M. |title=How to Think in Medicine: Reasoning, Decision Making, and Communication in Health Sciences and Professions |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-351-68402-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kWC1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA527 |access-date=2 November 2024 |page=527}}

;False dilemma or false correlative.

:Here something which is not a correlative is treated as a correlative, excluding some other possibility.

;Denying the correlative

:where an attempt is made to introduce another option into a true correlative.

;Suppressed correlative

:where the definitions of a correlative are changed so that one of the options includes the other, making one option impossible.

• Logical conjunction
• Logical disjunction

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[https://dictionary.apa.org/correlational-fallacy Correlational fallacy in psychology]{{Fallacies}}

Category:Informal fallacies