Cosigüina
{{for|the peninsula|Cosigüina Peninsula}}
{{Short description|Stratovolcano in Nicaragua}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Cosigüina
| photo =Nicaragua volcan Cosigüina 5.jpg
| photo_caption = Cosigüina crater lake, 2009
| elevation_m = 872
| elevation_ref = {{cite gvp|vn=344010|name=Cosigüina|accessdate=2008-09-07}}
| prominence_m =
| prominence_ref=
| location = Chinandega Department, Nicaragua
| map = Nicaragua
| range_coordinates =
| map_caption = Location in Nicaragua
| map_size = 240
| label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|12.98|N|87.57|W|type:mountain_region:NI-CI_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| topo =
| type = Stratovolcano
| age =
| last_eruption = August 1859
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
}}
Cosigüina (also spelt Cosegüina) is a stratovolcano located in the western part of Nicaragua. It forms a large peninsula extending into the Gulf of Fonseca. The summit is truncated by a large caldera, 2 x 2.4 km in diameter and 500 m deep, holding a substantial crater lake (Laguna Cosigüina). This cone has grown within an earlier caldera, forming a somma volcano. The earlier caldera rim is still exposed on the north side, but has been buried by the younger cone elsewhere.
Activity
The volcano last erupted in 1859, but its most famous activity occurred on January 20, 1835,{{cite book|last1=Penland|first1=Paige R.|last2=Chandler|first2=Gary|last3=Prado|first3=Liza|title=Lonely Planet Nicaragua & El Salvador|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ver9vPkt5n4C&pg=PA189|edition=Illustrated|year=2006|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74104-758-5|page=189}} during the presidency of José Núñez, when it produced the largest historical eruption in Nicaragua. Ash from the 1835 eruption has been found in Mexico, Costa Rica, and Jamaica. According to an analysis by Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature, the 1835 eruption caused a temporary decrease in the average land temperature of Earth of about 0.75 degrees C.[http://berkeleyearth.org/pdf/berkeley-earth-press-release-july-29.pdf Berkeley Earth Releases New Analysis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021061031/http://berkeleyearth.org/pdf/berkeley-earth-press-release-july-29.pdf |date=2012-10-21 }}, 29 July 2012
It has not erupted since 1859, only an instant in terms of geological time. An earthquake swarm was measured near Cosigüina in 2002, indicating that tectonic forces are still active in the region although the volcano is somewhat isolated from the line of more recently active Central American volcanoes to the northwest and southeast. The only indicators of hydrothermal activity at the volcano are intermittently observed gas bubbles in Laguna Cosigüina and a hot spring along the eastern flank of the volcano. The fairly uniform vegetation cover on the volcano's sides also attests to a general lack of gas emissions or “hot spots” on the 872-meter-high cone.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Notes
- Williams, Howel (1952) The great eruption of Coseguina, Nicaragua, 1835, with notes on the Nicaraguan volcanic chain (University of California Publications in geological sciences v. 29, no. 2) University of California Press, Berkeley, {{OCLC|248539314}}
- McBirney, Alexander R. and Williams, Howel (1965) Volcanic History of Nicaragua (University of California publications in geological sciences v. 55) University of California Press, Berkeley, {{OCLC|5506488}}
- Sanz, Dionisio Martínez (1963) Montañas que arden Editorial Hospicio, Managua, Nicaragua, {{OCLC|3306591}}, in Spanish
External links
{{Commonscat-inline|Cosigüina}}
{{Central American volcanoes}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cosiguina}}
Category:Mountains of Nicaragua
Category:Stratovolcanoes of Nicaragua
Category:Stratovolcanoes of El Salvador
Category:Calderas of Central America
Category:Volcanic crater lakes
Category:19th-century volcanic events