Cotoname language
{{Short description|Extinct Pakawan language of North America}}{{Cleanup lang|date=October 2024|iso=xcn}}{{Infobox language
| name = Cotoname
| states = Mexico, United States
| region = lower Rio Grande
| extinct = {{circa|1900}}
| familycolor = hokan
| fam1 = Hokan ?
| fam2 = Coahuiltecan ?
| fam3 = Pakawan ?
| iso3 = xcn
| linglist = xcn
| glotto = coto1248
| glottorefname = Cotoname
| map = Cotoname lang.png
| mapcaption = Map indicating where Cotoname was spoken
| ethnicity = Cotoname
}}
Cotoname{{refn|Or Cotonamu.{{cite book |last1=Barnes |first1=Thomas C. |last2=Naylor |first2=Thomas H. |last3=Polzer |first3=Charles W. |title=Northern New Spain: A Research Guide |publisher=University of Arizona |url=https://open.uapress.arizona.edu/read/northern-new-spain-a-research-guide/section/1f21260b-5632-4c85-a79f-dde8198f2c5c |access-date=10 May 2024}}}} is an Indigenous language of Mexico and the American state of Texas formerly spoken by Native Americans indigenous to the lower Rio Grande Valley of northeastern Mexico and extreme southern Texas (United States). Today it is extinct, and is proposed to be a component of a Pakawan language family.
All known primary witnesses to the Cotoname language were published in 2024.Haukur Þorgeirsson and Alaric Hall, 'The Cotoname Language – The Primary Sources', Zenodo (2024), {{doi|10.5281/zenodo.13368224}}.
Vocabulary
The following vocabulary list of Cotoname is from John Swanton (1940).Swanton, John. 1940. Linguistic material from the tribes of southern Texas and northern Mexico.
:
class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
! gloss !! Cotoname | |
air | {{lang|xcn|gurám}} |
arm, right | {{lang|xcn|katówan}} |
arrow | {{lang|xcn|ká-u}} |
bad | {{lang|xcn|kĕnáx}}, {{lang|xcn|sá}} |
bed | {{lang|xcn|kắm}} |
belly | kóx, kuwéle |
below | éta |
bird | komióm |
bison | wiyá-u |
black | baí (cf. night) |
blade | ĕhiá-u |
blanket, American | häwáss (cf. cold) |
blood | sä'x |
blow, to | pó-une |
bow | kémma |
boy | kuwósam |
breast (female) | kĕnám |
breechclout | xaguátema |
buffalo | wiyá-u |
cactus-fig | wámena |
cane | ká-u |
chair, a | náxe |
chief | kapitán |
cloth (a small piece of cloth) | huáxhe |
cold | häwéss |
come here! | sánxe |
Comecrudo | Aranguá, xaíma |
cow | wiyá-u |
crane | karakór |
cry, to | páma |
dance, to | okáwe |
day | ō' |
daybreak | káma |
deer | kĕmás |
die, to | wátĕxo |
dog | kowá-u |
drink, to | xuáxe |
dust | pó-una |
earth | pén |
east | otá-ume |
eat, to | haháme |
evening | ovx |
eye | arókwan |
face | makuát |
far | huánpa |
feathers | kuwai |
female | nan |
fire | mánĕx |
flesh | kĕmás |
fog | máyen |
food | haháme |
foot | ayésim |
fox | kissá |
girl | kuwósam |
go over there! | awóyo! |
goat | kápĕra |
good | kĕnáx |
goose | krák |
grass | suá-u |
great | katám |
gun | komióp |
guts | kuwéle |
hair | makuát |
handkerchief | huáxhe |
hare | gamáro |
hat | garópa |
head | makuát |
high | katám |
hog | esmók |
horn | yómo |
horse | kokátere |
Indian, an | xaíma |
infant | huwáxe |
iron | komióp |
Karankawa | Aranguá |
kill, to | wátxuka |
knife | komiópo |
knife (for cutting leather) | ĕhiá-u |
land | pén |
let us go! | awóyo |
little | kuwósam |
low (said of water) | xuắxe |
maize | tawaló |
maize-husk | wapxáp |
male quadruped | yómo |
man | xuaináxe |
masticate, to | akwanámie |
meat | kemás |
mesquite-bush | dán |
metate | komoí |
milk | kĕnám |
mouse | tsĕmáx |
mud | pén |
night | baí |
no | sá |
north | hayámta |
nose | yá-ĕx |
ox (young) | wiyá-u |
painted (on body, face, etc.) | tháwĕ |
peccary | kápio |
Pintos (Indian tribe so called) | tháwĕ |
pipe | pá-una |
rabbit | kiáxhem |
rat | tsĕmáx |
red | msá-ĕ |
reed | ká-u |
rifle | komióp |
Rio Grande river | áx̣, katám |
river | áx̣, katám |
run, to | mtára |
salt | dá-än |
scratch, to | átsiu |
seat, a | náxe |
sheep | séwuya |
sing, to | koyáma |
sit, to | páwe |
sit down! | páwe |
sleep, to | mátsĕkuka |
small | kuwósam |
smoke, to | pá-una, suá-u |
snake | kiá-uxa |
sombrero | garópa |
south | séta |
stand, to | páwia |
star | kápra |
stick | dópax |
suck, to | huä'xle |
sun | ō' |
sweet | yáx |
sweetmeats | yáx |
tail (of animal) | ásuxuga |
Tampacuás Indian | xaíma |
tobacco | suá-u |
tortilla | kamaplaí |
tortoise | gapáx |
tree | dópax |
tuna | wámĕna |
up the country | wéfta |
velduque | ĕhiá-u |
west | wéfta |
what do you want? | titcháx mén? |
water | áx̣ |
weep, to | xákue |
west | wéfta |
white | mesó-i |
wind | gurám |
wings | miápa |
within | kuwéle |
wolf | kombóx |
woman | katám |
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{sister project |project=wiktionary |text=Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Cotoname word list}}
- [http://www.indianersprachen.de Native American languages (in German)]
- [http://home.snafu.de/duerr/NAM.html North and Central-American language families]
{{Hokan languages}}
{{North American languages}}
Category:Extinct languages of North America
Category:Languages extinct in the 1900s
Category:Indigenous languages of Texas