County Durham (UK Parliament constituency)
{{Short description|Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1801–1832}}
{{For|the constituency based on Durham City, sometimes simply referred to as "Durham" and from 1950–1983 officially called "Durham County Constituency"|City of Durham (UK Parliament constituency)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox UK constituency main
|name = Durham
|parliament = uk
|map1 =
|map2 =
|map_entity =
|map_year =
|year = 1675
|abolished = 1832
|type = County
|elects_howmany = Two
|previous =
|next = Gateshead, North Durham, South Durham and South Shields
|region = England
|county = Durham
|towns =
}}
Durham or County Durham was a county constituency in northern England, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1675 until 1832.
History
The constituency consisted of the whole county of Durham (including the enclaves of Norhamshire, Islandshire and Bedlington, all situated within the boundaries of Northumberland and now part of that county, and of Crayke, now in North Yorkshire).
Because of its semi-autonomous status as a county palatine, Durham had not been represented in Parliament during the medieval period; from 1543 it was the only part of England which elected no MPs. In 1621, Parliament passed a bill to enfranchise the county, but James I refused it the royal assent, as he considered that the House of Commons already had too many members and that some decayed boroughs should be abolished first; a similar bill in 1624 failed to pass the House of Lords. During the Commonwealth, County Durham was allowed to send members to the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate, though the privilege was not maintained when Parliament reverted to its earlier electoral arrangements from 1658. After the Restoration, Durham's right to return MPs was recognised in 1661, and finally confirmed by the Durham (Representation of) Act 1672 (25 Cha. 2. c. 9); however, it did not come into effect until 1675 when the Speaker was authorised to issue his warrant.{{Cite web |title=Durham County {{!}} History of Parliament Online |url=http://www.histparl.ac.uk/volume/1660-1690/constituencies/durham-county#constituency-main-article |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=www.histparl.ac.uk}} The county returned two members, and the same act also established Durham City as a parliamentary borough with its own two members.
As in other county constituencies, until 1832 the franchise was defined by the Forty Shilling Freeholder Act 1430, which gave the right to vote to every man who possessed freehold property within the county valued at £2 or more per year for the purposes of land tax; it was not necessary for the freeholder to occupy his land, nor even in later years to be resident in the county at all.
By the time of the Reform Act 1832, the county had a population of just over 250,000, although this was slightly reduced by the boundary changes which severed the enclaves and made them part of Northumberland or the North Riding of Yorkshire for parliamentary purposes. The electorate was only a fraction of this number: at the general election of 1790, 5,578 voted, and in 1820 the number was only 3,741. Although nobody could exert the degree of control over the voters that was common in many boroughs, several of the major local landowners had significant influence, in particular the Vane Earls of Darlington.
In 1832 the county's representation was doubled, and the constituency divided into two new two-member constituencies, North Durham and South Durham.{{Cite book |last=Britain |first=Great |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uq0uAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA300 |title=The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Passed in the ... [1807-69]. |date=1832 |publisher=His Majesty's statute and law Printers |pages=308 |language=en}}
Members of Parliament
| class="wikitable" | ||||||
| Election | First member | First party | Second member | Second party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1654
| | | | |||||
| 1656
| | | | |||||
| June 1675
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | |rowspan="3"| John Tempest | rowspan="2" | Royalist | style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | | | ||||||
| October 1675
| style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | | | ||||||
| February 1679
|style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | |style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | | ||||||
| August 1679
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | | rowspan="2" | William Bowes | rowspan="2" | Unclear | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | | rowspan="2" | Thomas Fetherstonhalgh | rowspan="2" | | ||||||
| 1681
| | ||||||
| 1685
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="2" | Robert Byerley | rowspan="2" | Tory | rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="4" | William Lambton | rowspan="4" | Tory | ||||||
| 1689
| | ||||||
| 1690
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | | Tory | ||||||
| 1695
| style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | | Unclear | ||||||
| 1698
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | | Country/Tory | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | | rowspan="3" | Lionel Vane | rowspan="2" | Unclear | ||||||
| 1701 (Jan)
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="2" | William Lambton | rowspan="2" | Tory | | ||||||
| 1701 (Nov)
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | |Whig | ||||||
| 1702
| rowspan="5" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="5" | Sir Robert Eden, Bt | rowspan="5" | Tory | rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | | rowspan="2" | Sir William Bowes | rowspan="2" | Unclear | ||||||
| 1705 | ||||||
| 1707
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | | Tory | ||||||
| 1708
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | | William Vane, of West Auckland | Whig | ||||||
| 1710
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | |Tory | ||||||
| 1713
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="3" | Sir John Eden | rowspan="3" | Tory | rowspan="6" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | | rowspan="6" | John HedworthHedworth died before the end of the Parliament but a dissolution was called before a writ for a by-election had been issued | rowspan="6" | Independent Whig | ||||||
| 1715 | ||||||
| 1722 | ||||||
| 1727
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="7" |George Bowes | rowspan="3" |Whig | ||||||
| 1734 | ||||||
| 1741 | ||||||
| 1747
| rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | | rowspan="4" |Patriot Whig | style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | | Whig | ||||||
| 1753 by-election
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="2" | Hon. Henry VaneStyled Viscount Barnard from 1754 | rowspan="2" | Whig | ||||||
| 1754 | ||||||
| 1758 by-election
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | |rowspan="2"| Captain the Hon. Raby Vane |rowspan="2"| | ||||||
| 1760 by-election
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | |rowspan="2"| Robert Shafto |rowspan="2"| Tory (probable) | ||||||
| 1761
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: white" | |rowspan="2"| Hon. Frederick Vane |rowspan="2"| | ||||||
| 1768
|rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="4" | Sir Thomas Clavering, Bt | rowspan="4" | Whig | ||||||
| 1774
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="3" | Sir John Eden, Bt | rowspan="3" | Whig | ||||||
| 1780
| | ||||||
| 1784
| | ||||||
| 1790
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="3" | Rowland Burdon | rowspan="3" | Tory |rowspan="5" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="5" | Captain Ralph MilbankeSir Ralph Milbanke from 1793 | rowspan="5" | Whig | ||||||
| 1796 | ||||||
| 1802 | ||||||
| 1806
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | | Tory | ||||||
| 1807
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Tories (British political party)}}" | |rowspan="2"| Sir Henry Vane-Tempest, Bt |rowspan="2"| Tory | ||||||
| 1812
|rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | |rowspan="2"| Viscount Barnard |rowspan="2"| Whig | ||||||
| 1813 by-election
|rowspan="5" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Radicals (UK)}}" | | rowspan="5" | John George Lambton | rowspan="5" | Radical | ||||||
| 1815 by-election
|rowspan="6" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="6" | Hon. William Powlett | rowspan="6" | Whig | ||||||
| 1818 | ||||||
| 1820 | ||||||
| 1826 | ||||||
| 1828 by-election
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | | rowspan="3" | William Russell | rowspan="3" | Whig | ||||||
| 1830 | ||||||
| 1831
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Whigs (British political party)}}" | | Whig | ||||||
| 1832
|colspan="6"| Constituency divided. See North Durham and South Durham |
Notes
{{Reflist}}
Election results
{{Incomplete list|date=August 2008}}
See also
References
- Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Gh2wKY2rkDUC&q=Return+of+Members+of+Parliament]
- T. H. B. Oldfield The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland (London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1816)
- J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
- Edward Porritt and Annie G Porritt, The Unreformed House of Commons (Cambridge University Press, 1903)
- {{Rayment-hc|d|4|date=March 2012}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Durham County}}
Category:Parliamentary constituencies in County Durham (historic)
Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1675
Category:1675 establishments in England
Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1832