Cranial neural crest

{{Infobox embryology

| Name = Cranial neural crest

| Latin = crista neuralis cranialis

| Image =

| Caption =

| Image2 =

| Caption2 =

}}

The cranial neural crest is one of the four regions of the neural crest.{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=dbio.section.3109 |title=The Neural Crest |access-date=2009-05-31}}

The cranial neural crest arises in the anterior and populates the face and the pharyngeal arches giving rise to bones, cartilage, nerves and connective tissue.{{cite journal |vauthors=Grenier J, Teillet MA, Grifone R, Kelly RG, Duprez D |title=Relationship between Neural Crest Cells and Cranial Mesoderm during Head Muscle Development |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=e4381 |year=2009 |pmid=19198652 |pmc=2634972 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004381 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.4381G |editor1-last=Callaerts |editor1-first=Patrick|doi-access=free }} The endocranium and facial bones of the skull are ultimately derived from crest cells.

:Other Migration Locations:

:*Into the pharyngeal arches and play an inductive role in thymus development.

:*Into the pharyngeal arches and form the parafollicular cell or ultimobranchial bodies of the thyroid gland.

:*Into the pharyngeal arches and play an inductive role in parathyroid gland development.

:*Facial ectomesenchyme of the pharyngeal arches forming skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage in the face.

:*Odontoblasts (dentin-producing cells) of the teeth.{{cite journal |vauthors=Jiang HB, Tian WD, Liu LK, Xu Y |title=In vitro odontoblast-like cell differentiation of cranial neural crest cells induced by fibroblast growth factor 8 and dentin non-collagen proteins |journal=Cell Biol. Int. |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=671–8 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18339562 |doi=10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.01.293 |s2cid=5586748 }}

:*Around the optic vesicle and the developing eye and contributes to many eye elements such the choroid, sclera, iris, and ciliary body. It also contributes to the attaching skeletal muscles of the eye.

:*Into the otic placode and participates in the inner ear development.

:*Sensory ganglia of the fifth, seventh, ninth and tenth cranial nerves.

:*Schwann cells{{cite journal |vauthors=Nie X, Zhang YJ, Tian WD |title=Improvement of peripheral nerve regeneration by a tissue-engineered nerve filled with ectomesenchymal stem cells |journal=Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=32–8 |date=January 2007 |pmid=17169530 |doi=10.1016/j.ijom.2006.06.005 |display-authors=etal}}